μάχομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Ion. pres. opt. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> μαχέοιτο <span class="bibl">Il.1.272</span>, [[μαχέοιντο]] ib.<span class="bibl">344</span> (v.l. [[μαχέονται]]); part. [[μαχεόμενος]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span> (elsewh. [[μαχόμενος]], <span class="bibl">9.75</span>,al.); Ep. [[μαχειόμενος]] <span class="bibl">Od.17.471</span>, [[μαχεούμενος]] <span class="bibl">11.403</span>, <span class="bibl">24.113</span>: Ep.impf. μαχέσκετο <span class="bibl">Il.7.140</span>: fut. μαχήσομαι <span class="bibl">23.621</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.209</span>; [[μαχέσομαι]], [[διαμαχεσόμεθα]] (as v.l.) <span class="bibl">Id.9.48</span>; also in late Prose, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span> 11.8.3</span>, Plu.2.215f; [[μαχοῦμαι]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>837</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1076</span>, etc., [[μαχεῖται]] even in <span class="bibl">Il.20.26</span>, but μαχέονται <span class="bibl">2.366</span>; Ep. [[μαχέσσομαι]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[μαχήσομαι]] <span class="bibl">1.298</span>: aor. ἐμαχεσάμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.18</span>, etc.; opt. μαχέσαιο <span class="bibl">Il.6.329</span>; inf. μαχέσασθαι <span class="bibl">17.178</span>, also μαχέσσασθαι <span class="bibl">15.633</span>; opt. μαχεσσαίμεσθα <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.74</span>; part. μαχεσσαμένω <span class="bibl">Il.1.304</span>; later μαχήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Paus.1.27.1</span>, ([[ἀνα]]-) <span class="bibl">D.S.19.93</span>: pf. μεμάχημαι <span class="bibl">Th.7.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.54</span>: late aor. ἐμαχέσθην Plu.2.970f, <span class="bibl">Paus.5.4.9</span>: fut. [[μαχεσθήσομαι]] only Sch.rec.<span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>672</span>:—[[fight]], Hom., etc.; ὑσμῖνι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.2.863</span>; [[πολεμίζειν]] ἠδὲ μ. ib.<span class="bibl">452</span>, etc.; μάχην μ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>5.5</span>: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, <span class="bibl">Il.3.91</span>,<span class="bibl">433</span>, <span class="bibl">7.51</span>, ''III'',<span class="bibl">279</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.31</span>,<span class="bibl">39</span>; between men and beasts, <span class="bibl">Il.15.633</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.15</span>; between beasts, <span class="bibl">Il.16.824</span>:—Constr.: c. dat. pers., [[fight with]], i. e. [[fight against]], one, ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. <span class="bibl">Il.1.151</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1253</span>, etc.; [[μάχομαι ἀντία]], [[μάχομαι ἐναντίον]] τινός, <span class="bibl">Il.20.88</span>,<span class="bibl">97</span>; ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">5.124</span>, etc.; πρός τινα <span class="bibl">17.471</span>, but [[πρὸς δαίμονα]] = [[against heaven's will]], ib.<span class="bibl">98</span> (in Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. or πρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις <span class="bibl">D.4.47</span>; πρὸς ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.116</span>); μάχομαι σὺν [[σοί]],… [[θεά]], [[with thy help]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.390</span>; [[μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχομαι]] = [[among the foremost]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.575</span>; [[μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μάχομαι]] = with them, in their ranks, <span class="bibl">13.700</span>; πρός τινας μετ' ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">Isoc. 10.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>179a</span>; [[κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται]] = [[will fight by themselves]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.366</span> (but [[κατ' ἕνα μάχομαι]] = [[fight in single combat]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.104</span>); [[μάχομαι πρό τινος]] = [[fight before him]]: hence, metaph., [[fight before for him]], [[fight in his defence]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.156</span>, <span class="bibl">8.56</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.33</span>, etc.; ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 44</span>; πάτρας ὕπερ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1002</span>; Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>239b</span>; περὶ δαιτί <span class="bibl">Od.2.245</span>; but later usu. [[περί]] [[τινος]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>740</span>, <span class="bibl">Cratin. 163</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.95</span>; ἀμφί τινι <span class="bibl">Il.3.70</span>,<span class="bibl">91</span>; ἀμφὶ νέκυι <span class="bibl">16.565</span>; εἵνεκά τινος <span class="bibl">2.377</span>: c. dat. instrum., [[τόξοισι]] μάχομαι, [[πελέκεσσι]] μάχομαι, <span class="bibl">7.140</span>, <span class="bibl">15.711</span> ([[χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι]], of [[boxer]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.18.39</span>); [[μάχομαι ἀπ' ἵππου]] = [[fight from horseback]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.63</span>; [[τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον]] = [[the force that had not yet come into action]], <span class="bibl">Th.7.43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc., [[fight against]], only f.l. in <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Im.</span> 2.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[quarrel]], [[wrangle]], ἔριδι μάχομαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.8</span>; [[μάχομαι ἐπέεσσιν]] ib.<span class="bibl">304</span>, etc.; τινι <span class="bibl">5.875</span>, <span class="bibl">13.118</span>; [[τῷ παιδὶ μάχεσθαι]] = [[make a scene with his lackey]]... <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>23.8</span>; [[dispute]], [[argue]], περί τι μάχομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>342d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[contend for the mastery]] in games, etc., πὺξ μ. <span class="bibl">Il.23.621</span>; [[measure oneself with]] or [[measure oneself against]], τινι <span class="bibl">1.272</span>; παγκράτιον μ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1190</span>, <span class="bibl">1195</span>; μ. Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span>21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., [[struggle against]] a force, ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Simon.5.21</span>; ὄμβρῳ Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>26.4; πρὸς ἡνίας μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1010</span>; πρὸς [[ἐπιθυμία]]ς ἢ ἡδονάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>191e</span>; [[μάχομαι τῷ λιμῷ]], [[μάχομαι τῷ δίψει]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> c. inf., [[struggle]], [[make an effort]] to do, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>552a23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> of arguments, propositions, etc., to [[be in contradiction]] or [[be inconsistent]], τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span> 155b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.16.28.4</span>; μαχόμενα Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.95 K., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.198</span>, al.</span>