σῶς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[safe]], [[healthy]], [[intact]] (Att.; also Hom., Hdt.).<br />Other forms: [[σάος]] (ep. poet. Il. ([[σαώτερος]]), also Cypr., Arc., Lac. etc.), [[σῶος]] (Hdt., Hp., X., hell.), [[σόος]] (ep., also Hdt.); comp. [[σαώτερος]] (A 32, X., Theoc., AP).<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">ΣαϜο-κλέϜης</b> (Cypr.), <b class="b3">σαό-φρων</b> (ep. poet.), <b class="b3">σώ-φρων</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">Σαυ-κράτης</b> (Boeot.), <b class="b3">Σά-δαμος</b> (Arc.); as 2. member in <b class="b3">νηο-</b>, <b class="b3">τεκνο-σσόος</b> (poet.; cf. on [[σεύομαι]]).<br />Derivatives: Ep. aor. <b class="b3">σαῶ-σαι</b>, pass. [[σαωθῆναι]], to which fut. [[σαώσω]], pres. [[σαόω]]; with contraction IA. [[σῶσαι]], [[σωθῆναι]], [[σώσω]] (inscr. [[σωῶ]]), [[σῴζω]] (ε 490, Hes. Op. 376; from <b class="b3">*σω-ΐζω</b>); to this perf. midd. [[σέσωσμαι]] (trag.), [[σέσωμαι]] (Pl. a.o.), act. [[σέσωκα]] (hell.), often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, [[to keep alive]], [[to save]], midd. pass. intr. [[to stay alive]], [[to save oneself]]. As 1. member a. o. in <b class="b3">σωσί-πολις</b> [[saving the city]] (Ar., Str. a.o.). From the verb: 1. [[σωτήρ]], <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[saviour]] (h. Hom., Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">σωτηρ-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. [[rescue]], <b class="b3">-ιος</b> [[bringing rescue]], [[saving]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> [[wholesome]] (Gal. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ιασταί</b> m. pl. [[worshippers]] of the <b class="b3">θεοὶ σωτῆρες</b> resp. of <b class="b3">Ἄρτεμις Σώτειρα</b> (Rhod., Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 178). Archaising byforms: [[σαωτήρ]] (Call. a.o.), [[σαώτωρ]] (Maiist. IIIa), [[Σαώτης]] surn. of Dionysos (AP, Paus.); hypocorist. enlargement [[Σωτήριχος]] PN (Plu., Luc. a.o.). 2. f. [[σώτειρα]]. (Pi., IA.). 3. [[σῶστρα]] n. pl. (<b class="b3">-σ-</b> as in <b class="b3">σέσω-σ-μαι</b> a.o.) <b class="b2">reward for saving, thank-offering for saving lives</b> (Hdt., X. etc.) with [[σαοστρεῖ]] 3. sg. (prob. = <b class="b3">σαω-</b>; Cephallenia). 4. [[σωστικός]] (<b class="b3">δια-</b>) [[saving]], [[preserving]] (Arist. etc.). 5. <b class="b3">δια-σώστης</b> m. [[policeman]] (Just.). 6. <b class="b3">ἀνα-σωσμός</b> (Aq.), <b class="b3">-σωσμα</b> (Tz.) [[rescue]] -- On the frequent PN in <b class="b3">Σω(ι-</b>), <b class="b3">Σωσ(ι</b>)-, <b class="b3">Σωτ(ο</b>)- a.o. s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 413 ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1080] <b class="b2">*teu̯h₂-</b> [[be strong]] (meaning incorrect in Pok.)<br />Etymology: The above forms can all go back on PGr. [[σάϜος]] (Cypr. <b class="b3">ΣαϜο-κλέϜης</b>); positing alternative basic forms like <b class="b3">*σῶϜος</b> or <b class="b3">*σω[υ]ς</b> is unnecessary. From <b class="b3">σά(Ϝ)ος</b> arose by contraction [[σῶς]], from where through thematisation (via n. pl. [[σῶα]], sg. [[σῶον]]?) [[σῶος]]; ep. [[σόος]] for [[σάος]] after [[σῶς]] or through metr. lengthening. Extensive treatment by Leumann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 8 ff. (Kl. Schr. 266 ff.) w. further details and rich lit. -- PGr. [[σάϜος]] can stand for IE <b class="b2">*tu̯h₂-eu̯o-s</b>; or rather it is a thematization of <b class="b3">*σαυς</b> < <b class="b2">*tu̯eh₂-us</b>. Ablaut with <b class="b2">*tu̯ō-ro-s</b>, <b class="b2">*tu̯ō-mn̥</b> (in [[σωρός]]?, [[σῶμα]]??) is quite uncertain; the basic meaning would then be approx. [[be strong]] (Prellwitz a.o.; s. Bq), which fits badly for a corpse; <b class="b2">*tu̯oh₂-mn̥</b> is simple, but <b class="b2">o-</b>grade is improbable. Cf. [[σωρός]] and [[ταΰς]], also on [[σαίνω]].