εἰ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Att.-Ion. and Arc. (for [[εἰκ]], v. infr. ''ΙΙ'' ad init.), = Dor. and Aeol. [[αἰ]], [[αἰκ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Cypr. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἤ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.10 H., both [[εἰ]] and [[αἰ]] in Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usually either in conditions, [[if]], or in indirect questions, [[whether]]. In the former use its regular negative is [[μή]]; in the latter, [[οὐ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., [[come now]]! c. imper., εἰ δὲ… ἄκουσον <span class="bibl">Il.9.262</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">46</span>; most freq. with [[ἄγε]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="bibl">1.302</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in wishes, c. opt., ἀλλ' εἴ τις… καλέσειεν <span class="bibl">10.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.74</span>; so later, εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>863</span> (lyr.); εἴ μοι γένοιτο φθόγγος ἐν βραχίοσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>836</span>: more freq. followed by γάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.4.189</span>, al.; εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1410</span>; εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.38</span>; εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310d</span>; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt., εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν… Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην <span class="bibl">Il.13.825</span>; Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη <span class="bibl">Alcm.29</span>; later with past tenses of ind., εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν… ἧκεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>152</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε</b>… <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1072</span>: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands), αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν… ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι <span class="bibl">7.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.376</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[εἴθε]], Ep. [[αἴθε]], is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, εἴθε οἱ αὐτῷ Ζεὺς ἀγαθὸν τελέσειεν <span class="bibl">2.33</span>; εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι <span class="bibl">Il.7.157</span>; ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1537</span> (lyr.); εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.46</span>: later c. inf., γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε… κεῖσθαι <span class="title">AP</span>9.284 (Crin.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ, εἴθε</b> are also used with [[ὤφελον]] (Ep. [[ὤφελλον]]), of past unattained wishes, αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν <span class="bibl">Il.14.84</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>432c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> followed by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, <b class="b3">αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο… ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης</b>… <span class="bibl">Od. 15.536</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.496</span>, al.; sometimes hard to distinguish from [[εἰ]] in conditions (which may be derived from this use), εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.7.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> IN CONDITIONS, [[if]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with INDIC., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with all tenses (for fut., v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, <b class="b3">εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι</b> but [[if]] this is so, it will be... <span class="bibl">Il.1.564</span>: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi, εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>292.7</span>; εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 526</span>; εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228a</span>; κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>579</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.475</span>; εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408c</span>; εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>30b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε</b> [[if]] these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> to express a general condition, [[if ever]], [[whenever]], sometimes with pres., εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>943</span>: with impf., εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>: rarely with aor., <span class="bibl">D.S.31.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.84</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">111.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with fut. (much less freq. than [[ἐάν]] c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically, εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.19</span>; εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε οὐ περιέσται τἀκεῖ <span class="bibl">Th.6.91</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία</b> ibid.; in threats or warnings, εἰ μὴ καθέξεις γλῶσσαν ἔσται σοι κακά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>; εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.28.21</span>: or, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> to express a present intention or expectation, <b class="b3">αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ</b> [[if]] you mean to fight, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>759</span>; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ… εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.1.61</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>863</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> with impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, <span class="bibl">Il.24.715</span>, al.): <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο</b> they would not be able to do this (as they do), [[if]] they did not live an abstemious life, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>489b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν</b> he (Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, [[if]] he had not had also some naval force, <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>; αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων… αἴδως κεν… ἦχεν Sapph.28; <b class="b3">εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ… οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον</b> [[if]] they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>516e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ… οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε</b> [[if]] I had known this... <span class="bibl">Il.8.366</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with aor. referring to past time, εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι… ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph.38</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα</b> had you not come, we should be on our way... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.4</span>; καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.5.680</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.364</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">27.63</span>: with plpf. in apodosi, εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> rarely with plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, <b class="b3">λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο</b> [[if]] she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>21c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with SUBJ., [[εἰ]] is regularly joined with [[ἄν]] (Ep. κε<b class="b3">, κεν</b>), cf. [[ἐάν]]: Arc. [[εἰκαν]] in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (<span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, <span class="title">SIG</span>306.34) should be understood as <b class="b3">εἰκ ἄν</b> ([[εἰ]]: [[εἰκ]] = [[οὐ]]: [[οὐκ]]), since <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἄν</b> is also found in <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.2, 6.45, and [[εἰκ]] alone, ib.3.21; but [[ἄν]] (κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as <span class="bibl">Od.5.221</span>, <span class="bibl">14.373</span> (and cf. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses [[εἰ]] with [[ἄν]] or κε (ν)) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.266</span>, al.; in dialects, αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.6 (Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.Dor. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.79</span>; rarely in Hdt., εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ <span class="bibl">2.13</span>; occasionally in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 234</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>198</span> (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in Att. Prose, εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th.6.21</span>; εἴ τι που ἄλσος ἢ τέμενος ἀφειμένον ᾖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761c</span>: in later Prose, εἴ τις θελήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>11.5</span>; εἰ φονεύῃ <span class="bibl">Plot.2.9.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Inst.</span>26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> when the apodosis is fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than [[εἰ]] c. opt., but less so than [[εἰ]] c. fut. ind. (supr. <span class="bibl">1.2a</span>); <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ'</b>… [[if]] thou do thus... thou shalt know, <span class="bibl">Il.2.364</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">3.281</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.549</span>; ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>7.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα</b> <b class="b3">τοῦτο ποιεῖν</b> [[if]] we be not now willing, <span class="bibl">D.4.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.3.27</span>: followed by imper., <b class="b3">ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.4.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, [[if ever]], <b class="b3">ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον</b> (sc. [[ἐστί]]) [[whenever]] a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, <span class="bibl">Il.1.166</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν</b> [[if]] death come near, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 671</span>; with [[ἄν]] omitted, εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον… καταπέψῃ ἀλλά… ἔχει κότον <span class="bibl">Il.1.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Rhet. present in apodosis, <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα</b> there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> with OPTATIVE (never with [[ἄν]] in early Gr., later [[ἐάν]] c. opt., <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>114</span>, al.), </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> to express a future condition less definitely than [[ἐάν]] c. subj., usually with opt. with [[ἄν]] in apod., <b class="b3">ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες… εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν</b> surely they would exult, [[if]] they should hear... <span class="bibl">Il.1.255</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.223</span>; εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>979</span>; οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.11</span>; οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>37</span>, etc.: fut. opt. is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164a</span>: with pres. ind. in apod., <span class="bibl">Xenoph.34.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.253</span>: with fut.ind., <span class="bibl">Meliss.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in Hom.sts. with pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην</b> [[if]] we were now contending, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.23.274</span>: rarely in Trag., <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ κνίζοι</b>( = [[εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>568</span>; also εἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>); once in Hom., εἴ τίς με… ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ'… κατέρυκες <span class="bibl">Il.24.768</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο... κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο</b> [[if]] he should see ([[whenever]] he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.5.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.40</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει</b> [[if]] any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, <span class="bibl">Th. 8.66</span>; ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc./span>755</span>. For [[εἰ]] c. ind. in this sense v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence, ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing [[ἐάν]] c. subj. or [[εἰ]] with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, <b class="b3">ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις</b> (representing <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.104</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι</b>) ib.<span class="bibl">32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.6.25</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίῳ χρήσοιτο</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.3</span>; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους… ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει</b>, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, [[un]]less he should make… (his thought having been <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω</b>), <span class="bibl">D.18.145</span>; ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. opt. with [[ἄν]], only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>329b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.3</span> (v. ἄν A. 111. d). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt., εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. <span class="bibl">1.129</span>; εἰ εἶναι τοῦτο μὴ φίλον <span class="bibl">2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172</span>, <span class="bibl">3.105</span>,<span class="bibl">108</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> after Verbs denoting [[wonder]], [[delight]], [[indignation]], [[disappointment]], [[contentment]], and similar emotions, [[εἰ]] c. ind. is used instead of [[ὅτι]], to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, <b class="b3">θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν</b>… I wonder [[that]] no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees... <span class="bibl">D.4.43</span>; οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.147</span>: after past tenses, ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.13</span>; δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ… δόξει <span class="bibl">D.19.33</span>; ἐθαύμαζον εἴ τι ἕξει τις χρήσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95a</span>; οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ… ἐπάγει <span class="bibl">D.21.105</span>: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., <b class="b3">ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν</b> (sc. [[εἴη]]) εἰ… μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.157</span>; ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.4.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο</b> he wondered [[that]] any one should demand money, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι</b> I rejoiced, being content [[if]] any one should let it pass, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>:—in this use the neg. [[οὐ]] is also found, ἀγανακτῶ εἰ ὁ Φίλιππος ἁρπάζων οὐ λυπεῖ <span class="bibl">D.8.55</span>; δεινὸν ἂν εἴη εἰ οἱ ἐκείνων ξύμμαχοι οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span>; τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>91d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, [[as surely as]], [[since]], <b class="b3">εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε</b> [[if]] there was [as there was], i.e. [[as sure as]] there was such an one, <span class="bibl">Il.3.180</span>, al.; εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει <span class="bibl">4.321</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο</b> it seems easier to deceive many than one, [[if]] (as was the fact, i.e. [[since]]) he was not able... <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.60</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with apodosis implied in the context, [[εἰ]] having the force of [[in case]], [[supposing that]], <b class="b3">πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν</b> they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], [[in case]] they should rush out, <span class="bibl">Th.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον</b> we have come hither to you, [[in case]] you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>120</span>; <b class="b3">παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι</b> sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], [[in case]] he be willing to help the Trojans, <span class="bibl">Il.1.408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">66</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.94</span>, <span class="bibl">3.92</span>; <b class="b3">ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ</b> hear me also [that you may assent], [[in case]] the same opinion please you, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358b</span>; <b class="b3">ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ</b> look now, [[in case]] you approve what I do, ib. <span class="bibl">434a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, <b class="b3">εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος… στυφελίξαι</b> [[if]] he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], <span class="bibl">Il.1.580</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι</b> [[if]] they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but [[if]] they give not, then I will take one for myself, <span class="bibl">1.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>468</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή</b>… and [[if]] the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise... <span class="bibl">Th.3.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> [[except]], οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.200</span>; <b class="b3">μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί</b>]—nay, [[if]] I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>898</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὅσον</b> [[except]] only, ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.45</span>, <span class="bibl">2.20</span>; εἰ μὴ εἰ <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον</b> [[if]] nothing else, yet... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>86e</span>; ironical, εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.8</span>; εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ μή</b> but [[if]] not, i.e. [[otherwise]], προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; after <b class="b3">μάλιστα μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, etc.:—after a preceding neg., <b class="b3">μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει</b> don't beat me; [[otherwise]], you will have yourself to blame, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1433</span>; ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.35</span>; οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">131</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δέ</b> sometimes stands for εἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>285c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>212c</span>; εἰ δ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>722</span>; εἰ δ' οὕτως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094a24</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ τοῦτο</b> and [[if]] so, <span class="bibl">Str.2.1.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ</b> for [[if]] so, <span class="bibl">Id.7.3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">εἴ τις</b> [[if]] any, i. e. [[as much as]] or [[more than]] any, τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">B.5.5</span>; ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>734</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἄλλος</b>, [[siquis alius]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>6</span>, etc.; εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.2</span>, etc.; εἴπερ τις ἄλλος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501d</span>; also <b class="b3">κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον</b> in [[any]] way, <span class="title">IG</span> 5(2).6.27 (Tegea). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποτε</b> or <b class="b3">εἴπερ ποτέ</b> [[now if]] ever, ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει… ἡ ξυναλλαγή <span class="bibl">Th.4.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>594</span>; αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.11, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.12</span>, etc.; but in prayers, εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα… τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">Il.1.39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποθεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">δυνατόν ἐστι</b>) [[if]] from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1204</span> (lyr.); so <b class="b3">εἴ ποθι</b> somewhere, anywhere, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>885</span> (lyr.); εἴ που <span class="bibl">Od.4.193</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">h</span> <b class="b3">εἴ πως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">388</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.11</span>: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. ''1''), πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> with other PARTICLES: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> for the distinction between <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> (or <b class="b3">καὶ ἐάν</b>, or [[κἄν]]) even [[if]], and <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> (or <b class="b3">ἐὰν καί</b>) even [[though]], v. [[καί]]:—the opposite of <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> is <b class="b3">οὐδ' εἰ</b>, not even [[if]]; that of <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> is <b class="b3">εἰ μηδέ</b>, <b class="b2">if (although</b>) not even. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> for <b class="b3">ὡς εἰ, ὡς εἴ τε, ὥσπερ εἰ</b>, etc., v. [[ὡς]] and [[ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">εἰ ἄρα</b>, v. [[ἄρα]]; for <b class="b3">εἰ δή, εἴπερ</b>, v. [[εἰ δή, εἴπερ]]; for <b class="b3">εἴ γε</b>, v. [[γέ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IX</span> in neg. oaths, = Hebr. [[im]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ps.</span>94(95).11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>8.12</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, [[whether]], followed by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, <b class="b3">σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν</b> [[whether]] he is a god, <span class="bibl">Il.5.183</span>; εἰ ξυμπονήσεις… σκόπει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ</b> [[whether]] I should give them, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.16</span>: sometimes elliptical, ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος</b> he asked [[whether]] any one was wiser than I (direct <b class="b3">ἔστι τις σοφώτερος</b>;), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>21a</span>; ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>: rarely aor. opt. for the aor. ind., <b class="b3">ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν</b> I asked him [[whether]] he had set sail (direct [[ἀνέπλευσας]];), <span class="bibl">D.50.55</span>: but aor. opt. usually represents aor. subj., <b class="b3">τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν… καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι</b> they asked [[whether]] they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try... <span class="bibl">Th.1.25</span>:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, <b class="b3">ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">119</span>; <b class="b3">ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν… εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται</b> [[whether]] they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, <span class="bibl">Id.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις</b> [he said that] he consulted him [[whether]] he should give... <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.68</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> with OPT. and [[ἄν]] when this was the form of the direct question, <b class="b3">ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά</b> they asked [[whether]] they would give (direct <b class="b3">δοιήτε ἄν</b>;), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> the NEG. used with [[εἰ]] in indirect questions is [[οὐ]], when [[οὐ]] would be used in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἐνετέλλετο… εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται</b> [[whether]] he is not ashamed, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>, etc.; but if [[μή]] would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, <b class="b3">οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου</b> (the direct question would be <b class="b3">μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται</b>; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 349b</span>:—in double indirect questions, <b class="b3">εἴτε… εἴτε…; εἰ… εἴτε…; εἴτε… ἢ</b>... either [[οὐ]] or [[μή]] can be used in the second clause, ὅπως ἴδῃς εἴτ' ἔνδον εἴτ' οὐκ ἔνδον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>7</span>; σκοπῶμεν εἰ ἡμῖν πρέπει ἢ οὔ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">339a</span>; πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ·… οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>313a</span>, <span class="bibl">313b</span>; ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ… πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας <span class="bibl">Is.8.9</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ</b> <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.14</span>.</span>

|elrutext='''εἰ:''' эп.-дор. тж. αἰ (in crasi: [[ἐάν]] и ἤν = εἰ ἄν; [[κεἰ]] = [[καί]] εἰ)<br /><b class="num">1</b> (conj. в условных предложениях, с ind., conjct. или opt.) если, если бы: εἰ [[βούλει]], ἔρου αὐτόν Plat. если хочешь, спроси его; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν Thuc. (Агамемнон) не владел бы островами, если бы не имел хоть какого-нибудь флота; τὰ ἀγώγιμα, εἴ τι [[ἦγον]] Xen. груз, если таковой был (досл. если что-л. перевозили); εἰ δ᾽ [[ἀναγκαῖον]] εἴη Xen. если же оказалось бы необходимым; εἴ τις ἀντείποι Thuc. всякий, кто стал бы возражать; иногда обусловленное следствие опускается: εἰ μὲν σύ τι ἔχεις πρὸς [[ἡμᾶς]] λέγειν, (sc. λέγε) - εἰ δὲ μή, [[ἡμεῖς]] πρὸς σὲ ἔχομεν Xen. если у тебя есть, что сказать нам, говори, - если же нет, то у нас есть, что сказать тебе; в сочетании с другими словами, преимущ. частицами: εἰ μή (лат. [[nisi]]) если не, разве только; εἰ μὴ εἴ τις ὑπολάβοι … Plat. разве только если предположить …; εἴ μὴ διὰ τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Thuc. если бы не его медлительность; εἰ δέ если же, а то: εἰ δὲ σὺ [[μέν]] [[μευ]] ἄκουσον Hom. а то вот послушай меня; εἰ δὲ μή Xen., Dem. если же нет, а (не) то, в противном случае; εἰ δ᾽ [[ἄγε]](τε) Hom. ну же, ну-ка, давай(те), итак; εἰ [[καί]] даже если, хотя (бы) и: φήσουσί με σοφὸν εἶναι, εἰ καὶ μή εἰμι Plat. станут говорить, что я мудр, хотя я и не таков; καὶ εἰ если (бы) даже; καὶ εἰ βούλοιντο [[ἀπιέναι]] Xen. если бы даже они захотели уйти; εἴ τις ([[ἄλλος]]) кое-кто, кто-л.; οἱ ἄλλοι ἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων, καὶ εἴ τις νόσῳ Xen. одни погибли от рук неприятеля, иные от болезни; εἴ τις ἄλλη δυστυχεστάτη [[γυνή]] Eur. несчастнейшая из женщин, какая когда-л. существовала; εἴ τι [[ἄλλο]] [[χρήσιμον]] ἦν Xen. все, что только могло оказаться полезным;<br /><b class="num">2</b> (conj. в косвенных вопросах - простых) ли, не … ли (и двойных) ли … или (εἰ … ἤ или [[εἴτε]]): ἠρώτησεν, εἰ [[ἤδη]] ἀποκεκριμένοι [[εἶεν]] Xen. он спросил, дали ли они уже ответ; τί γὰρ [[ᾔδειν]], εἴ τι [[κἀκεῖνος]] εἶχε [[σιδήριον]]; Lys. почем я знал, не было ли и у него какого-л. оружия?; иногда с опущением подчиняющего глагола или оборота: ἐδόκει καλέσαι ἐκείνους, εἰ βούλοιντο ξυμμαχίαν ποιήσασθαι Xen. было решено пригласить их (чтобы выяснить или спросить), не хотят ли они заключить военный союз;<br /><b class="num">3</b> (conj. после глаголов, выражающих удивление, негодование и т. п. = ὅτι) что: ἀγανακτῶ, εἰ, ἃ νοῶ, μὴ οἷός τ᾽ [[εἰμὶ]] [[εἰπεῖν]] Plat. мне досадно, что я не в состоянии выразить того, что думаю; σὺ δ᾽ οὐκ ἐπαιδεῖ, [[τῶνδε]] χωρὶς εἰ φρονεῖς; Soph. и тебе не стыдно, что ты думаешь иначе, чем они?;<br /><b class="num">4</b> (частица в пожеланиях) о, если бы: εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν [[εἶχον]], [[ὥστε]] … Eur. о, если бы я имел такую силу, чтобы ….

|sltr=<b>εἰ</b> (κεἴ fr. 4; [[repeated]] (P. 9.93); followed by [[different]] moods (P. 4.264) f.; by [[different]] tenses (N. 11.13) f.; [[for]] εἴ [[τις]] [[also]] v. [[τις]].) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>A conditional. <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> c. pres. ind.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> impv. in apodosis. εἰ δ' ἄεθλα γαρύεν ἔλδεαι, φίλον ἧτορ, μηκέτ ἀελίου σκόπει [[ἄλλο]] θαλπνότερον (O. 1.3) “φίλια δῶρα Κυπρίας ἄγ' εἴ τι, Ποσείδαον, ἐς [[χάριν]] τέλλεται, πέδασον [[ἔγχος]] Οἰνομάου” (O. 1.75) ὑγίεντα δ' εἴ [[τις]] ὄλβον ἄρδει, μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς [[γενέσθαι]] (O. 5.23) εἰ δέ [[τοι]] μάτρῳ μἔτι Καλλικλεῖ κελεύεις στάλαν [[θέμεν]], ἐμὰν γλῶσσαν εὑρέτω κελαδῆτιν (N. 4.79) εἰ δὲ Θεμίστιον ἵκεις ὥστ' ἀείδειν, [[μηκέτι]] ῥίγει (N. 5.50) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> pres. ind. in apodosis. (cf. A. 1. h. infra.) εἰ δὲ θεὸν [[ἀνήρ]] [[τις]] ἔλπεται λτ;τιγτ; [[λαθέμεν]] ἔρδων, ἁμαρτάνει (O. 1.64) εἰ δ' ἀριστεύει μὲν [[ὕδωρ]], κτεάνων δὲ χρυσὸς αἰδοιέστατος, [[νῦν]] δὲ Θήρων ἅπτεται Ἥρακλέος σταλᾶν ([[νῦν]] γε [[varia lectio|v.l.]]: εἰ has [[comparative]] [[force]], [[just]] as ) (O. 3.42) εἴ τι καὶ φλαῦρον παραιθύσσει, [[μέγα]] [[τοι]] φέρεται πὰρ [[σέθεν]] (P. 1.87) εἰ δέ [[τις]] [[ἤδη]] λέγει, παλαιμονεῖ κενεά (P. 2.58) εἰ δὲ [[ἐπίστᾳ]], μανθάνων [[οἶσθα]] προτέρων (P. 3.80) εἰ δὲ νόῳ [[τις]] [[ἔχει]] θνατῶν ἀλαθείας ὁδόν, χρὴ (P. 3.103) “Μοῖραι δ' ἀφίσταντ, εἴ [[τις]] [[ἔχθρα]] [[πέλει]]” [[with]] [[temporal]] [[force]] (P. 4.145) [[διδοῖ]] (sc. ἡ [[δρῦς]]) ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς, [[εἴ ποτε]] χειμέριον [[πῦρ]] ἐξίκηται λοίσθιον ἢ μόχθον ἀμφέπει (ἀμφέπῃ coni. Heyne: εἰ has [[temporal]] [[force]]) (P. 4.266) “εἰ μὲν αὐτὸς Οὔλυμπον θέλεις λτ;ναίεινγτ;, ἔστι [[σοι]] τούτων [[λάχος]]” (N. 10.83) εἰ δ' ἀρετᾷ κατάκειται, [[χρή]] νιν εὑρόντεσσιν ἀγάνορα κόμπον μὴ φθονεραῖσι φέρειν γνώμαις (I. 1.41) εἰ δέ [[τις]] [[ἔνδον]] νέμει πλοῦτον κρυφαῖον, ἄλλοισι δ' ἐμπίπτων γελᾷ, ψυχὰν Ἀίδα τελέων οὐ φράζεται [[δόξας]] [[ἄνευθεν]] (I. 1.67) εἰ δέ [[τις]] ἀρκέων φίλοις ἐχθροισι τραχὺς ὑπαντιάζει, [[μόχθος]] ἡσυχίαν φέρει (Pae. 2.31) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> fut. ind. in apodosis, [[where]] εἰ has causal [[force]]. ἀγγελίαν πέμψω ταύταν, εἰ Χαρίτων [[νέμομαι]] κᾶπον (O. 9.26) “εἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ πὰρ σοφὸν ἀντιφερίξαι, [[ἐρέω]]” (P. 9.50) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> opt. c. κε in apodosis, i. e. potential. εἰ δὲ γεύεται ἀνδρὸς [[ἀνήρ]] τι, φαῖμέν κε (N. 7.86) εἰ δὲ κασιγνήτου [[πέρι]] μάρνασαι, ἥμισυ [[μέν]] κε πνέοις γαίας [[ὑπένερθεν]] [[ἐών]] (N. 10.85) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> impf. ind. in apodosis. εἰ [[γάρ]] [[τις]] ἀνθρώπων πράσσει θεοδμάτους ἀρετὰς, ἐσχατιαῖς [[ἤδη]] πρὸς ὄλβου βάλλετ' ἄγκυραν (I. 6.10) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>f</b> pres. ind. understood in apodosis. εἴ [[τις]] [[ἀνδρῶν]] κατέχει φρασὶν αἰανῆ κόρον, [[ἄξιος]] εὐλογίαις ἀστῶν μεμίχθαι (I. 3.1) τὰ μακρὰ δ' εἴ [[τις]] παπταίνει, βραχὺς ἐξικέσθαι χαλκόπεδον [[θεῶν]] ἕδραν (I. 7.43) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>g</b> apodosis omitted. εἰ δὲ [[τις]] οἶδεν τὸ μέλλον, [[ὅτι]] (O. 2.56) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>h</b> pres. ind. understood in protasis.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> ind. pres. in apodosis. ἄνεται πάντα βροτοῖς, εἴ [[σοφός]], εἰ [[καλός]], εἴ [[τις]] ἀγλαὸς [[ἀνήρ]] (O. 14.7) εἰ δέ [[τις]] [[ὄλβος]] ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν, [[ἄνευ]] καμάτου οὐ φαίνεται (P. 12.28) εἰ δυνατόν, [[Κρονίων]], [[πεῖραν]] μὲν ἀγάνορα ἀναβάλλομαι (N. 9.28) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>II</b> impf. ind. c. κε in apodosis. [[ἤθελον]] Χίρωνά κε Φιλλυρίδαν, εἰ χρεὼν τοῦθ' κοινὸν εὔξασθαι [[ἔπος]], [[ζώειν]] [[where]] the [[subordinate]] [[clause]] is parenthetic (P. 3.2) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>III</b> impv. in apodosis. οὕνεκεν, εἰ [[φίλος]] ἀστῶν, εἴ [[τις]] [[ἀντάεις]], τό γ' ἐν ξυνῷ πεποναμένον εὖ μὴ λόγον βλάπτων ἁλίοιο γέροντος κρυπτέτω i. e. [[whether]] — or (P. 9.93) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> c. fut. ind., [[imperative]] in apodosis. εἰ δέ [[τις]] ὄλβον ἔχων μορφᾷ παραμεύσεται ἄλλους, ἔν τ' ἀέθλοισιν ἀριστεύων ἐπέδειξεν βίαν, θνατὰ μεμνάσθω περιστέλλων [[μέλη]] (N. 11.13) cf. E infra (O. 7.1) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b> c. impf. ind.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> pres. ind. in apodosis. εἰ [[πόνος]] ἦν, τὸ τερπνὸν [[πλέον]] πεδέρχεται (N. 7.74) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> κεν c. aor. ind. in apodosis. εἰ δὲ [[σώφρων]] [[ἄντρον]] ἔναἰ [[ἔτι]] Χίρων καί τί οἱ [[φίλτρον]] ἐν θυμῷ μελιγάρυες ὕμνοι ἁμέτεροι τίθεν, ἰατῆρά [[τοί]] [[κέν]] μιν πίθον [[παρασχεῖν]] (P. 3.63) εἰ δ' [[ἔτι]] ζαμενεῖ Τιμόκριτος ἁλίῳ σὸς πατὴρ ἐθάλπετο, ποικίλον κιθαρίζων [[θαμά]] κε, [[τῷδε]] [[μέλει]] κλιθείς, ὕμνον κελάδησε καλλίνικον (N. 4.13) εἰ γὰρ ἦν ἓ τὰν ἀλάθειαν ἰδέμεν, οὔ κεν ὅπλων χολωθεὶς ὁ καρτερὸς [[Αἴας]] ἔπαξε (N. 7.24) πρὸ πόνων δέ κε μεγάλων Δαρδανίαν ἔπραθεν, εἰ μὴ φύλασσεν [[Ἀπόλλων]] (Pae. 6.91) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b> c. aor. ind.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> impv. in apodosis. φόρμιγγα λάμβαν, εἴ τί [[τοι]] Πίσας τε καὶ Φερενίκου [[χάρις]] νόον ὑπὸ γλυκυτάταις ἔθηκε φροντίσιν ([[with]] causal [[force]]) (O. 1.18) εἰ δ' ἐγὼ [[ἀνέδραμον]] ὕμνῳ, μὴ βαλέτω με [[φθόνος]] concessive Schr. (O. 8.54) v. [[also]] A. 2 supra, (N. 11.13) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> pres. ind., expressed or understood, in apodosis. εἰ δ' [[ἐτύμως]] μάτρωες [[ἄνδρες]] ἐδώρησαν Ἑρμᾶν εὐσεβέως, [[κεῖνος]] κραίνει [[σέθεν]] εὐτυχίαν ([[with]] causal [[force]]) (O. 6.77) [[Μοῖσα]], τὸ δὲ τεόν, εἰ μισθοῖο συνέθευ παρέχειν φωνὰν ὑπάργυρον, ἄλλοτ' ἄλλᾳ ταρασσέμεν [[with]] causal [[force]] (P. 11.41) εἰ δ' ἀνορέαις ὑπερτάταις ἐπέβα [[παῖς]] Ἀριστοφανέος, [[οὐκέτι]] [[πρόσω]] ἀβάταν ἅλα κιόνων [[ὕπερ]] Ἡρακλέος [[περᾶν]] εὐμαρές ( concessive Schr.) (N. 3.19) νικῶντί γε [[χάριν]], εἴ τι [[πέραν]] ἀερθεὶς [[ἀνέκραγον]], οὐ [[τραχύς]] εἰμι καταθέμεν (concessive, cf. (O. 8.54) ) (N. 7.75) “εἴ ποτ' ἐμᾶν, ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, θυμῷ θέλων ἀρᾶν ἄκουσας, [[νῦν]] σε, [[νῦν]] εὐχαῖς ὑπὸ θεσπεσίαις [[λίσσομαι]]” (cf. (O. 1.75) ) (I. 6.42) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> impf. ind. in apodosis. εἰ τιν' ἄνδρα ἐτίμασαν, ἦν [[Τάνταλος]] [[οὗτος]] (O. 1.54) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> aor. ind. c. ἄν, κε in apodosis. [[τεά]] κεν ἀκλεὴς τιμὰ κατεφυλλορόησεν ποδῶν, εἰ μὴ [[στάσις]] σ' ἄμερσε πάτρας (O. 12.16) εἰ κατέβαν, ἐξικόμαν κε (P. 3.73) “εἰ γὰρ [[οἴκοι]] νιν [[βάλε]], τετράτων παίδων κ' ἐπιγεινομένων αἷμά οἱ κείναν [[λάβε]] ἄπειρον” (P. 4.43) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> apodosis dub. εἴ [[τις]] (codd.: [[τίς]] Homan, εἰ expungens) — αἰνὰν ὕβριν ἀπέφυγεν, [[μέλανος]] ἂν ἐσχατιὰν καλλίονα θανάτου λτ;στείχοι&gt; (coni. Wil.: [[μέλανος]] δ' ἂν ἐσχατιὰν καλλίονα θάνατον ἐν codd.: θάνατόν γἔσχε Boeckh: locus conclamatus, v. [[van]] Groningen, Mnem., 1947, 233) (P. 11.55) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b> c. pres. subj., pres. ind. in apodosis. [αἰσχύνῃ (codd.: αἰσχύνοι Mosch. v. A. 10 infra) (P. 4.264) ] [ἀμφέπει (codd.: ἀμφέπῃ Heyne v. A. 1. b supra) (P. 4.266) ] [[δύο]] δέ [[τοι]] ζωᾶς [[ἄωτον]] μοῦνα ποιμαίνοντι τὸν ἄλπνιστον, εὐανθεῖ σὺν ὄλβῳ εἴ [[τις]] εὖ πάσχων λόγον ἐσλὸν ἀκούῃ (v. 1. ἀκούσῃ: sic distinxit Hartung, [[post]] ὄλβῳ, edd. vulgo. The [[condition]] is [[strictly]] [[illogical]], and εἰ ἀκούῃ stands in explanatory apposition to [[δύο]] μοῦνα) (I. 5.13) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b> c. aor. subj.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> pres. or pf.-pres. in apodosis. πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ (O. 6.11) [ἐξερείψῃ (κεν) (coni. Boeckh, Bergk: ἐξερείψαι κε codd.: ἐξερείψειεν Thiersch) (P. 4.264) ] [[διδοῖ]] ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς, [[εἴ ποτε]] χειμέριον [[πῦρ]] ἐξίκηται λοίσθιον ἢ μόχθον ἀμφέπει (codd.: ἀμφέπῃ Heyne) (P. 4.266) δυσπαλὲς δὴ γίνεται, [[ἐξαπίνας]] εἰ μὴ θεὸς ἁγεμόνεσσι κυβερνατὴρ γένηται (P. 4.274) ἔργοις δὲ καλοῖς [[ἔσοπτρον]] ἴσαμεν ἑνὶ σὺν τρόπῳ, εἰ Μναμοσύνας [[ἕκατι]] λιπαράμπυκος εὕρηται [[ἄποινα]] μόχθων κλυταῖς ἐπέων ἀοιδαῖς (εἰ ἀοιδαῖς stands in explanatory apposition to ἑνὶ σὺν τρόπῳ) (N. 7.15) εἰ γὰρ [[ἅμα]] κτεάνοις πολλοῖς ἐπίδοξον [[ἄρηται]] [[κῦδος]], [[οὐκ]] ἔστι [[πρόσω]]- [[θεν]] (N. 9.46) [[τοῦτο]] γὰρ ἀθάνατον φωνᾶεν ἕρπει, εἴ [[τις]] εὖ εἴπῃ τι (εἰ τι [[stand]] in explanatory apposition to [[τοῦτο]]) (I. 4.41) [ἀκούσῃ (v. 1. ἀκούῃ. cf. A. 5 supra) (I. 5.13) ] εἰ δέ [[τις]] ἀνθρώποισι [[θεόσδοτος]] ἀτληκηκοτας προστύχῃ, ταύταν σκότει κρύπτειν ἔοικεν fr. 42. 5.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> aor. ind. in apodosis. εἰ δὲ τύχῃ [[τις]] ἔρδων, μελίφρον' αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε (N. 7.11) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>7</b> c. pres. opt. a. pres. ind. expressed or understood in apodosis. εἰ δὲ σὺν πόνῳ [[τις]] εὖ πράσσοι, μελιγάρυες ὕμνοι ὑστέρων ἀρχὰ λόγων τέλλεται (O. 11.4) εἰ [[γάρ]] [[τις]] ἐξερείψειεν (Thiersch: ἐξερείψαι κε codd.) —, αἰσχύνοι δὲ (Mosch.: αἰσχύνῃ codd.) —, — [[διδοῖ]] ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς, [[εἴ ποτε]] χειμέριον [[πῦρ]] ἐξίκηται (P. 4.263) [[κέρδος]] δὲ φίλτατον, ἑκόντος εἴ [[τις]] ἐκ δόμων φέροι (P. 8.14) οὐ [[γάρ]] [[πάγος]] οὐδὲ [[προσάντης]] ἁ [[κέλευθος]] γίνεται, εἴ [[τις]] εὐδόξων ἐς [[ἀνδρῶν]] ἄγοι τιμὰς Ἑλικωνιάδων (I. 2.34) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> κεν c. opt. in apododis. εἰ δ' εἴη μὲν Ὀλυμπιονίκας, [[τίνα]] κεν φύγοι ὕμνον [[κεῖνος]] [[ἀνήρ]] (O. 6.4) εἰ δ' αὐτὸ καὶ θεὸς ἀνέχοι, ἐν τίν κ ἐθέλοι (N. 7.89) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> fut. ind. in apodosis. εἰ δὲ [[δαίμων]] [[γενέθλιος]] ἕρποι, Δὶ τοῦτ' ἐκδώσομεν πράσσειν (O. 13.105) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>8</b> c. aor. opt., pres. ind. in apodosis. εἰ δὲ μὴ ταχὺ λίποι, [[ἔτι]] γλυκυτέραν κεν ἔλπομαι κλείζειν (O. 1.108) καιρὸν εἰ φθέγξαιο, [[μείων]] ἕπεται [[μῶμος]] ἀνθρώπων (P. 1.81) εἰ δέ μοι πλοῦτον θεὸς ἁβρὸν ὀρέξαι, ἐλπίδ' [[ἔχω]] [[κλέος]] εὑρέσθαι κεν ὑψηλὸν [[πρόσω]] (P. 3.110) ἐξερείψειεν (Thiersch: ἐξερείψαι κε codd. v. A. 10. infra) (P. 4.263) πάντ' ἔχεις, εἴ σε τούτων μοῖῤ ἐφίκοιτο [[καλῶν]] (I. 5.15) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>9</b> c. pf. ind.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> pres. ind. in apodosis. εἰ [[γάρ]] [[τις]] ἐσλὰ πέπαται μὴ σὺν [[μακρῷ]] πόνῳ, πολλοῖς σοφὸς δοκεῖ (P. 8.73) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> pres. opt. in apodosis. εἰ δ' ὄλβον ἢ [[χειρῶν]] βίαν ἢ σιδαρίταν ἐπαινῆσαι πόλεμον δεδόκηται, μακρά μοι [[αὐτόθεν]] ἅλμαθ ὑποσκάπτοι [[τις]] (N. 5.19) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> impv. in apodosis. εἰ δὲ τέτραπται, μὴ φθόνει κόμπον (I. 5.22) [<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>10</b> dub. c. κε and opt., ind. in apodosis. εἰ [[γάρ]] [[τις]] ὄζους ὀξυτόμῳ πελέκει ἐξερείψαι κεν (codd.: ἐξερείψειεν Thiersch: ἐξερείψῃ μὲν Hermann) —, αἰσχύνοι δὲ (Mosch.: αἰσχύνῃ codd.) —, — [[διδοῖ]] ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς (κε is held to be [[highly]] [[improbable]]) (P. 4.264) ]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>11</b> frag. κεἴ [[μοί]] τιν' ἄνδρα [[τῶν]] θανόντων fr. 4.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>12</b> εἴ [[τις]], [[with]] [[following]] [[verb]] suppressed. λάγεταν [[γάρ]] [[τοι]] τύραννον δέρκεται, εἴ τιν' ἀνθρώπων, ὁ [[μέγας]] [[πότμος]] [[above]] [[all]] men (P. 3.86) cf. (O. 1.54) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>B [[εἰ καί]], concessive. [[εἰ καί]] τι Διωνύσου [[ἄρουρα]] φέρει βιόδωρον ἀμαχανίας [[ἄκος]], ἄνιππός εἰμι Πα. 4. 25, cf. εἰ concessive (O. 8.54), (N. 3.20), (N. 7.75) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>C introducing [[indirect]] [[question]], c. ind. γνῶναί τ' ἔπειτ, [[ἀρχαῖον]] [[ὄνειδος]] εἰ φεύγομεν, Βοιωτίαν ὗν (O. 6.90) παραπειρῶνται Διὸς ἀργικεραύνου, εἴ τιν' [[ἔχει]] λόγον (O. 8.4) “μεμάντευμαι δ' ἐπὶ Κασταλίᾳ, εἰ μετάλλατόν τι” (P. 4.164) μαθὼν δέ [[τις]] ἀνερεῖ, εἰ πὰρ [[μέλος]] [[ἔρχομαι]] (N. 7.69) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>D εἰ [[γάρ]], introducing a [[wish]], c. opt.; cf. conditional εἰ [[γάρ]] (P. 4.43) εἰ γὰρ ὁ [[πᾶς]] [[χρόνος]] ὄλβον μὲν [[οὕτω]] καὶ κτεάνων δόσιν εὐθύνοι (P. 1.46) εἰ [[γάρ]] σφισιν ἐμπεδοσθενέα βίοτον ἁρμόσαις ἥβᾳ λιπαρῷ τε γήραι διαπλέκοις εὐδαίμον' ἐόντα παίδων δὲ παῖδες ἔχοιεν αἰεὶ [[γέρας]] τό περ [[νῦν]] (N. 7.98) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>E ὡς εἰ, in [[temporal]] comparisons; v. [[also]] ὡσείτε. φιάλαν ὡς εἴ [[τις]] δωρήσεται νεανίᾳ γαμβρῷ, καὶ ἐγὼ [[νέκταρ]] χυτὸν πέμπων [[ἱλάσκομαι]] (O. 7.1) <[[span]] [[class]]=mstonen>F frag. ]εἰ δέ μοι[ fr. 60. a. 3. ὡς εἴ τε v. ὡσείτε. εἴ περ v. [[εἴπερ]].

|ptext=A. Bedingungspartikel, <i>[[wenn]]</i>, vgl. [[ἐάν]].<br><b class="num">I. c. indicat., a)</b> aller [[Tempora]], die bloße [[Annahme]] als [[wirklich]] hingestellt, wenn es wahr ist, daß, – wenn [[wirklich]]; der [[Nachsatz]] wird durch den indic. oder imperat. [[ausgedrückt]], wenn die [[Folge]] als ein [[wirklich]] eintretendes oder notwendiges [[Ergebnis]] erscheint, mit dem optat. [[potent]]., wenn die bloß mögliche [[Folge]] [[angegeben]] wird; [[ἐθέλω]] [[δόμεναι]] [[πάλιν]], εἰ τόγ' [[ἄμεινον]], ''[[sc.]]'' ἐστί, <i>Il</i>. 1.116, wenn es [[wirklich]] [[besser]] ist, will ich [[zurückgeben]]; οὐδέ ἕ φημι δῆθ' [[ἀνσχήσεσθαι]] [[βέλος]], εἰ ἐτεόν με ὦρσεν [[ἄναξ]] 5.104; εἴ τι ἔχεις [[εἰπεῖν]], σήμαινε Aesch. <i>Prom</i>. 686; εἴ τι δράσεις [[τῶνδε]], μὴ σχολὴν [[τίθει]] <i>Ag</i>. 1029; εἴ τι χρῄζεις, φράζε Soph. <i>Phil</i>. 49; εἰ παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους ἔλυε τὰς σπονδάς, τὴν [[δίκην]] [[ἔχει]] Xen. <i>An</i>. 2.6.41; und so in [[Prosa]] [[überall]]; – οὐκ ἄν με σαόφρονα μυθήσαιο [[ἔμμεναι]], εἰ δὴ σοίγε βροτῶν ἕνεκα [[πτολεμίζω]] <i>Il</i>. 21.462; εἰ εὐσεβοῦσι, οὐ θάνοιεν ἄν, so möchten sie wohl nicht [[sterben]], Aesch. <i>Ag</i>. 329; ἄγοιμ' ἄν, εἴ τις τάσδε μὴ 'ξαιρήσεται <i>Suppl</i>. 902; σιγᾶν ἂν ἁρμόζοι σε, [[εἰ μή]] τι λέξεις Soph. <i>Tr</i>. 729; εἰ εἰς χεῖρας [[ἦλθον]] πατρί, [[πῶς]] ἂν ψέγοις <i>O.C</i>. 978; ὁ [[κίνδυνος]] δόξειεν ἂν δεινὸς [[εἶναι]], εἴ τις αὐτῆς ἀμελήσει Plat. <i>Phaed</i>. 107c. Vgl. bes. [[Fälle]] wie πολλὴ ἄν τις [[εὐδαιμονία]] εἴη περὶ τοὺς νέους, εἰ [[εἷς]] μὲν [[μόνος]] αὐτοὺς διαφθείρει, es wäre ein großes [[Glück]] für die [[Jugend]], wenn [[wirklich]] (wie die [[Ankläger]] [[behaupten]]) nur [[Einer]] sie verdürbe, Plat. <i>Apol</i>. 25b, vgl. 33c. – Her. 5.78 δηλοῖ ἡ ἰσηγορίη ὡς ἐστὶ [[χρῆμα]] σπουδαῖον, εἰ καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι ἀπαλλαχθέντες τυράννων [[μακρῷ]] πρῶτοι ἐγένοντο, wenn es wahr Ist, daß sie die [[ersten]] [[geworden]] sind, was man [[gewöhnlich]] durch »da sie jene sind«, also εἰ = ἐπεί erkl., vgl. C.<br><b class="num">b</b> c. indicat. imperf. und aor., auch plusqpf., [[worauf]] im [[Nachsatz]] dieselben [[Tempora]] mit ἄν [[folgen]], die Nichtwirklichkeit oder [[Unmöglichkeit]] der [[Bedingung]] und der [[Folge]] [[auszudrücken]]. Vgl. ἄν.<br><b class="num">II. c. conj.</b>, sich von ἐάν c. conj. nicht [[wesentlich]] [[unterscheidend]], da der Conj. [[selbst]] anzeigt, daß die [[Bedingung]] als eine ungewisse, die zwar [[möglich]] ist, [[deren]] [[Eintreten]] aber dahingestellt bleibt, [[angesehen]] [[werden]] soll, εἰ also mit wenn, [[falls]] zu [[übersetzen]] ist. Hermann zu Soph. <i>O.C</i>. 1445 wie [[Schneid]]. zu Plat. <i>Legg</i>. VIII.579d haben einen [[Unterschied]] [[gemacht]], der [[schwerlich]] durchzuführen ist, vgl. auch [[Krüger]] zu Xen. <i>An</i>. 3.1.36 und Bernhardys <i>[[Syntax]]</i> p. 398 Anm. – Die Vbdg findet sich [[besonders]] bei Hom., Pind. und Tragg.; εἰ γοῦν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν <i>Il</i>. 5.258; εἰ δ' αὖ τις [[ῥαίῃσι]] [[θεῶν]] – τλήσομαι <i>Od</i>. 5.221; [[διδοῖ]] ψᾶφον – [[εἴ ποτε]] [[πῦρ]] ἐξίκηται Pind. <i>P</i>. 4.265, vgl. 274, <i>N</i>. 7.11, 15; εἰ προδῶ σφ' [[ἑκών]] Aesch. <i>Eum</i>. 225, vgl. <i>Pers</i>. 777, <i>Suppl</i>. 395; εἴ τι νὺξ [[ἀφῇ]] Soph. <i>O.R</i>. 198 ch., vgl. 874; δυστάλαινα [[τἄρ]]' ἐγώ, εἰ [[σοῦ]] στερηθῶ <i>O.C</i>. 1445. Bei Her. [[schwankt]] die Lesart [[gewöhnlich]], wie auch bei anderen Schriftstellern nicht [[selten]]. In attischer [[Prosa]] sind die [[verhältnismäßig]] sehr wenigen [[Beispiele]] als Archaismen zu [[betrachten]], die regelmäßige gute [[Sprache]] sagte [[immer]] [[dafür]] ἐάν; <i>B.A</i>. 144 ist aus Cratin. εἰ σοφὸς ᾖ [[angeführt]], wie 129 aus demselben εἴ τις προκριθῇ; Ar. <i>Eq</i>. 698 εἰ μήσ' ἐκφάγω, – εἰ μὴ' κφάγῃς, – εἰ μήσ' ἐκπίω; – εἴ τί που ᾖ Plat. <i>Legg</i>. VI.761c; XII.958d; εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς φανεροὶ [[ἦτε]] Xen. <i>An</i>. 3.1.36; 3.2.22; [[ἄλλως]] τε [[καὶ εἰ]] ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις Thuc. 6.21. Erst bei Späteren findet sich [[dieser]] [[Gebrauch]] [[häufiger]]; bei Byzantinern ist, wie Lobeck <i>Parerg. zu Phryn</i>. p. 724 [[bemerkt]], εἰ μάθῃ = εἰ μαθήσει.<br><b class="num">III. c. optat., a)</b> so daß die [[Bedingung]] rein [[subjektiv]] als [[möglich]] bezeichnet wird, ohne daß über die [[Wirklichkeit]] [[Etwas]] [[entschieden]] wird, [[worauf]] [[gewöhnlich]] der optat. [[potent]]. mit ἄν folgt, um [[auszudrücken]], daß sich aus der angenommenen [[Bedingung]] eine [[Folge]] [[ergeben]] könne, oder auch der indicat., wo das sichere [[Eintreten]] der [[Folge]] [[angedeutet]] [[werden]] soll, z.B. [[Τρῶες]] [[μέγα]] κεν κεχαροίατο, εἰ τάδε πάντα [[πυθοίατο]] <i>Il</i>. 1.256, sie dürften sich wohl freuen, wenn sie es [[hören]] sollten; εἴ [[μοι]] λέγοις τὴν ὄψιν, εἴποιμ' ἂν [[τότε]] Soph. <i>El</i>. 405; εἰ δ' ἴδοιμ' ὀλωλότας, δοκοῖμ' ἂν τῆς νόσου πεφευγέναι <i>Phil</i>. 1032; – κούρην οὐ [[γαμέω]], οὐδ' εἰ χρυσείῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ [[κάλλος]] ἐρίζοι <i>Il</i>. 9.388; εἴ τίς [[μοι]] ἕποιτο καὶ [[ἄλλος]], θαρσαλεώτερον [[ἔσται]] 10.222. So in [[Prosa]] [[überall]]. Der Fall, daß bei εἰ mit dem [[Optativ]] des Möglichen noch ἄν steht, ist [[unter]] ἄν [[erörtert]]; so z.B. εἰ δὲ ἐπιδεὴς λόγου τινὸς [[ἔτι]] ἂν [[εἴης]], ἐπάκουε Plat. <i>Legg</i>. X.905c.<br><b class="num">b</b> in indirekter Rede, [[sowohl]] für εἰ c. ind., als für ἐάν c. conj., z.B. εἰ δ' ἐκτὸς ἔλθοις, πημονὰς εὔχου [[λαβεῖν]] Soph. <i>Tr</i>. 1179; εἰδὼς ὅτι εἰ στρατηγοίη, λέξοιεν, dir. ἐὰν στρατηγῇ, λέξουσι, Xen. <i>Hell</i>. 5.4.13; vgl. 4.7.4, 4.8.6.<br><b class="num">c</b> einen [[Wunsch]] [[ausdrückend]], [[wofür]] [[gewöhnlich]] [[εἰ γάρ]] od. εἴθε γάρ (w. m. vgl.) steht: wenn doch; ἀλλ' εἴ τις καλέσειε [[θεῶν]] Θέτιν [[ἆσσον]] [[ἐμεῖο]] <i>Il</i>. 24.74; αἰτουμένῳ [[μοι]] κοῦφον εἰ δοίης [[τέλος]] Aesch. <i>Spt</i>. 242; εἴ [[μοι]] ξυνείη φέροντι [[μοῖρα]] Soph. <i>O.R</i>. 860; εἴ [[μοι]] γένοιτο [[φθόγγος]] Eur. <i>Hec</i>. 836.<br><b class="num">d</b> wie eine Zeitpartikel eine [[wiederholte]] [[Handlung]] in der [[Vergangenheit]] [[ausdrückend]], so oft; εἴ [[του]] [[φίλων]] βλέψειεν [[δέμας]], ἔκλαιεν Soph. <i>Tr</i>. 905; εἰ μὲν οἱ Λακωνικοὶ ὑπερβάλοιντο μικρόν, ἔλεγον ἄν Ar. <i>Pax</i> 212 ff; εἰ μὲν ἐπίοιεν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὑπεχώρουν, εἰ δὲ ἀναχωροῖεν, ἐπέκειντο Thuc. 7.79; εἴ τις [[αὐτῷ]] δοκοίη βλακεύειν, ἔπαιεν ἄν Xen. <i>An</i>. 2.3.11, vgl. 4.5.13 und [[unter]] ἄν.<br><b class="num">IV</b>. c. inf. nur in indirekter Rede bei Her. 2.172, εἰ γὰρ (ἔφη) [[πρότερον]] [[εἶναι]] [[δημότης]], ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ παρεόντι [[εἶναι]] αὐτέων [[βασιλεύς]], wie 3.105, 108 und Thuc. 4.98. – Die [[Stellen]], wo εἰ mit dem [[Partizip]] [[verbunden]] scheint, wie Soph. <i>Aj</i>. 886 Eur. <i>El</i>. 537, sind [[elliptisch]] zu [[erklären]], od., wie Plat. <i>Phaed</i>. 87b von Heindorf [[geschehen]], zu [[ändern]].<br>Es muß noch [[bemerkt]] [[werden]], daß<br><b class="num">a</b> zwei [[Sätze]] mit εἰ [[verbunden]] [[werden]]; εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν ἄλλον ἀντ' [[ἄλλου]], σύ τοι πρώτη θάνοις ἄν, εἰ δίκης γε τυγχάνοις Soph. <i>El</i>. 572, vgl. <i>Aj</i>. 769; [[ὥσπερ]] ἂν εἰ ἐτύγχανόν σε ἐρωτῶν –, εἴ [[μοι]] εἶπες Plat. <i>Gorg</i>. 453c; mit [[anderer]] [[Stellung]] εἰ φοβοῖντο –, οὐ πολλὴ ἂν [[ἀλογία]] εἴη, εἰ μὴ ἄσμενοι [[ἐκεῖσε]] [[ἴοιεν]] <i>Phaed</i>. 67e.<br><b class="num">b</b> bes. bei Hom. ist der [[Nachsatz]] [[zuweilen]] zu [[ergänzen]], was [[zumal]], wenn eine [[andere]] [[Bedingung]] ([[εἰ δέ]]) [[gegenüber]] steht, [[leicht]] ist, εἰ μὲν δώσουσι [[γέρας]] – [[εἰ δέ]] κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἔγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς [[ἕλωμαι]], wo sich von [[selbst]] versteht, daß, wenn sie das [[Ehrengeschenk]] [[geben]] [[werden]], es gut ist; [[εἰ μέν]] τι σὺ ἔχεις πρὸς [[ἡμᾶς]] λέγειν, (sc. λέγε δή,) εἰ δὲ μή, ἡμεῖς πρὸς σὲ ἔχομεν Xen. <i>An</i>. 7.7.15, wo [[Krüger]] [[viele]] [[Beispiele]] [[anführt]], [[obgleich]] [[häufiger]] im [[ersten]] Gliede ἤν steht. Bes. zu [[beachten]] ist [[dieser]] [[Gebrauch]] beim imperat., [[εἰ δέ]], σὺ μέν [[μευ]] ἄκουσον <i>Il</i>. 9.262, wo man gew. [[βούλει]] [[ergänzt]]. Vgl. [[unten]] bes. εἰ δ' [[ἄγε]].<br><b class="num">B. In indirekter [[Frage]], <i>ob</i></b>:<br><b class="num">a</b> [[mit dem Indicativ]]; [[σάφα]] οὐκ οἶδ', εἰ [[θεός]] ἐστι, ich weiß nicht, ob er ein Gott ist, <i>Il</i>. 5.183; πρὶν ἂν μάθω εἰ τέθνηχ' ὁ Πηλέως [[γόνος]] Soph. <i>Phil</i>. 333; εἰ δίκαια ποιήσω οὐκ [[οἶδα]] Xen. <i>An</i>. 1.3.5; σκέψαι, εἰ ὁ Ἑλλήνων [[νόμος]] [[κάλλιον]] [[ἔχει]] 7.3.37; [[ὅρα]], εἰ φαίνεται Aesch. <i>Prom</i>. 799; [[ὅρα]], εἰ διακωλύεις Plat. <i>Prot</i>. 331b; ἐπισκεψώμεθα, εἰ ἄρα τἀληθῆ [[λέγω]] 343c.<br><b class="num">b</b> mit dem conj.; οὐ μὰν οἶδ', εἰ – ἐπαύρηαι <i>Il</i>. 15.16; οὐκ οἶδ', [[εἰδῶ]], ob ich [[geben]] soll, Xen. <i>Cyr</i>. 8.4.16; ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμψε (und ließ [[fragen]]), εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας Her. 1.75; ἐχρηστηριάζοντο, εἰ ἀνέλωνται τὰ οὐνόματα 2.52.<br><b class="num">c</b> mit dem optat.; ἐνέβησε εὶς φροντίδα, εἴ [[κως]] δύναιτο Her. 1.46; ἐβουλεύετο, εἰ πέμποιεν, ob sie [[schicken]] sollten, Xen. <i>An</i>. 1.10.5; mit dem optat. [[potent]].; [[ἠρώτων]], εἰ [[δοῖεν]] ἄν 4.8.7, wie auch οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι zu [[erklären]], s. ἄν. Wie Thuc. 2.77 sagt ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς πειρᾶσαι, εἰ δύναιντο ἐπιφλέξαι τὴν πόλιν, zu [[versuchen]], ob sie die [[Stadt]] [[verbrennen]] könnten (vgl. πειρήθη, εἴ οἱ [[ἐφαρμόσσειε]] <i>Il</i>. 19.385), so oft mit [[Auslassung]] von πειράομαι, z.B. πρέσβεις ἔπεμψαν, [[εἴ πως]] πείσειαν, ob sie sie wohl überredeten, Thuc. 1.58. So [[schon]] Hom., [[ἀντίος]] ἤλυθεν, εἴ [[πώς]] εὑ πεφίδοιτο <i>Il</i>. 20.463; ἀναπεπταμένας [[ἔχον]] πύλας, εἴ τιν' ἑταίρων σαώσειαν 12.122; [[αὐτίκα]] κηρύκεσσι κέλευσαν ἀμφὶ πυρὶ [[στῆσαι]] τρίποδα, εἰ πεπίθοιεν Πηλείδην 23.40; ὑποφειδόμενοι, [[εἴ πως]] ἐθελήσειαν οἱ Καρδοῦχοι [[διϊέναι]] Xen. <i>An</i>. 4.1.8; ἐδόκει καλέσαι ἐκείνους, εἰ βούλοιντο συμμαχίαν ποιήσασθαι 5.4.8. – In [[einigen]] [[Stellen]] kann εἰ mit ob nicht [[übersetzt]] [[werden]]; τίς δ' οἶδ', εἴ κέ [[ποτέ]] [[σφι]] βίας ἀποτίσεται [[ἐλθών]] <i>Od</i>. 3.216; ἄδηλον νομίζων, εἰ πρὶν ἐπ' αὐτὸ [[ἐλθεῖν]] διαφθαρήσεται Thuc. 2.53; σκέψασθε, εἰ ἄρα καὶ τοῦτο μωρότατον πεποιήκασι Xen. <i>An</i>. 3.2.22, wo [[Krüger]] zu vgl.; τί γὰρ [[ᾔδειν]], εἴ τι [[κἀκεῖνος]] εἶχε [[σιδήριον]] Lys. 1.42. – In Doppelfragen εἰ – ἦ; <i>Il</i>. 2.367; Plat. <i>Prot</i>. 331b; Xen. <i>An</i>. 1.10.5 und [[sonst]]; [[δεῖ]] σκοπεῖν, εἰ δίκαια [[λέγω]] ἢ μή Plat. <i>Apol</i>. 18a; <i>Gorg</i>. 459c und [[sonst]]; [[häufig]] εἰ – εἴτε. – In [[direkter]] [[Frage]] kommt es erst im [[NT]] und <i>[[LXX]]</i>. vor, in [[guten]] [[Autoren]] sind die einzelnen [[Stellen]], wo es stand, z.B. Xen. <i>Cyr</i>. 6.3.36, <i>An</i>. 5.8.6, [[richtig]] [[geändert]] [[worden]].<br><b class="num">C</b>. [[Ebenfalls]] conditional ist [[ursprünglich]] der [[Gebrauch]] des εἰ, wo wir [[gewöhnlich]] daß [[setzen]], und man es durch ὅτι zu [[erklären]] [[gewohnt]] ist; nach [[θαυμάζω]] von Her. an sehr [[häufig]]; [[θωυμάζω]], εἴ [[μοι]] ἀπεστᾶσι, ich wundere mich, wenn (daß) sie [[abgefallen]] sind, Her. 1.155; Plat. <i>Phaedr</i>. 274a und [[sonst]] oft; θαυμάσας [[ἔχω]], εἰ Soph. <i>O.C</i>. 1139; nach den Verbis, die eine [[Gemütsbewegung]] [[bedeuten]], nicht [[selten]], [[wobei]] der [[Umstand]], der die [[Gemütsbewegung]] hervorbringt, [[eigentlich]] als ein noch zweifelhafter, angenommener erscheint; oft aber ist auch eine gemilderte, [[bescheiden]] vorgebrachte [[Behauptung]] in εἰ [[enthalten]]; ἀγανακτῶ, εἰ Plat. <i>Lach</i>. 194a; <i>Crit</i>. 43b; δεινὸν ποιεῖσθαι, εἰ Thuc. 6.60; [[χαλεπῶς]] φέρειν, εἰ Xen. <i>Cyr</i>. 5.2.12; [[ἐπαιδέομαι]], εἰ Soph. <i>Ant</i>. 510; αἰσχύνομαι, εἰ Aesch. 3.158; [[φθονέω]], εἰ Eur. <i>Ion</i> 1321.<br>[[Verbindungen]] mit andern Partikeln; [[καὶ εἰ]], ὡς εἰ s. [[unter]] καί und ὡς; die mit εἰ anfangenden [[folgen]] hier in der [[Reihe]].