εἴδω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=no Act. pres. in use, [[ὁράω]] being used:—Med., v.infr. A.11: aor. 2 εἶδον always in sense of<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[see]] (so in pres. and aor. 1 Med., to [[be seen]], i.e. [[seem]]): but pf. οἶδα, in pres. sense, [[know]]. (With <b class="b3">ἔ-ϝιδον</b>, cf. (ϝ) είδομαι<b class="b3">, (ϝ) εῖδος</b>, Lat. [[videre]]; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Skt. [[véda]], Goth. [[wait]], OE. [[wát]] 'know'.)<br><span class="bld">A</span> aor. 2 [[εἶδον]] (late εἶδα Orph.''A.''118), serving as aor. to [[ὁράω]], Ep. [[ἴδον]], iter. ἴδεσκε Il.3.217, late Aeol. εὔιδον ''Epigr.Gr.''990.11 (Balbilla); imper. [[ἴδε]] (in Att. written as adverb [[ἰδέ]], [[behold]]! Hdn.Gr.2.23), [[ἴδετε]]; subj. [[ἴδω]], Ep. ἴδωμι Il.18.63; opt. [[ἴδοιμι]]; inf. [[ἰδεῖν]], Ep. [[ἰδέειν]]; part. [[ἰδών]]: hence, fut. ἰδησῶ Theoc.3.37:—Med., aor. 2 [[εἰδόμην]], Ep. [[ἰδόμην]], in same sense, poet., Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat.430) (so in compds., even in Att. Prose, v. [[ἐπ-]], προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην); imper. [[ἰδοῦ]] (freq. written as adverb [[ἰδού]], = [[ἰδέ]]); subj. [[ἴδωμαι]]; opt. [[ἰδοίμην]]; inf. [[ἰδέσθαι]]; part. ἰδόμενος Hdt.1.88, al.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[see]], [[perceive]], [[behold]], [[ὀφθαλμοῖσι]] or <b class="b3">ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι</b> [[see]] before the eyes, Il.1.587, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν E.''Or.''1020; <b class="b3">ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι</b> well, I will try and [[see]], Od.6.126, cf. 21.159; [[mark]], [[observe]], Il.4.476, Od.4.412, etc.: followed by relat. clause, ἴδωμ' ὅτιν' ἔργα τέτυκται Il.22.450; ἀλλ' ἄγε θᾶσσον ἰδώμεθα ὅττι τάδ' ἐστίν Od.10.44: freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., <b class="b3">θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι</b> a marvel [[to behold]], Il.5.725; οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν A.''Pr.''240; ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν Pl.''R.''620a.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[see]] a person, i.e. [[meet]] him, [[speak with]] him, Th.4.125, X.''An.''2.4.15, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[see]], i.e. [[experience]], νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Od.3.233, etc.; δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν E.''Hec.''56; ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν S.''Tr.''835; τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν Id.''Ant.''1270 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἀλόχου κουριδίης… οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε</b> he [[saw]] (i.e. [[enjoyed]]) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il.11.243.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[look]], <b class="b3">ἰδεῖν ἐς</b>… [[look]] at or towards, 2.271, etc.; <b class="b3">ἰδεῖν ἐπί</b>… 23.143; [[πρός]]… Od.12.244; <b class="b3">εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι</b> [[look]] him in the face, Il.9.373, etc.; κατ' ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320; [[ἄντα]], [[ἐσάντα]], or <b class="b3">ἄντην ἰδεῖν</b>, 13.184, 17.334, Od.5.78, etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., <b class="b3">ὑπόδρα ἰδών</b> [[looking]] askance, Il.1.148, al.; <b class="b3">ἀχρεῖον ἰδών</b> [[looking]] helpless, 2.269; <b class="b3">κέρδος ἰδεῖν</b> [[look to]] gain, A.''Eu.'' 541 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[see mentally]], [[perceive]], <b class="b3">ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν</b> '[[to see]] in his mind's eye', Il.21.61, cf. 4.249; ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl.''R.''511a.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[examine]], [[investigate]], Id.''Phd.''70e, ''Tht.''192e; [[consider]], ἴδωμεν τί λέγομεν Id.''Grg.''455a.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Med., pres. εἴδομαι, Ep. ἐείδεται Theoc.25.58, part. ἐειδόμενος Pi.N..10.15: aor. [[εἰσάμην]], Ep. part. ἐεισάμενος Il. 2.22, al.:—only Ep.and Lyr., to [[be seen]], [[appear]], <b class="b3">εἴδεται ἄστρα</b> they [[are visible]], [[appear]], 8.559; εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98; εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319; ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον ''Epigr.Gr.''1034.19 (Callipolis), cf. Od.5.283; perhaps also <b class="b3">οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο</b> none of the skin [[was visible]], Il.13.191.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[appear]] or [[seem]] to be, τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι 1.228; τοῦτό τί μοι κάλλιστον ἐνὶ φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι Od.9.11, etc.: with inf. omitted, οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ 19.283, etc.; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται Il.14.472, cf. Theoc. 25.58; also, [[look like]] or [[make a show of]]... <b class="b3">εἴσατ' ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον</b> he [[made a show of]] going to Lemnos, Od.8.283; <b class="b3">εἴσατο δ' ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν</b> it [[had the look as of]] a shield, 5.281.<br><span class="bld">3</span> strictly middle, c. dat., <b class="b3">εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ</b> she [[made herself like]] Polites in voice, Il.2.791, cf. 20.81; αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι Rhian.50: especially in part., [[like]], εἰδομένη κήρυκι Il.2.280, etc.; τῷ δ' ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος Pi.''N.''10.15; εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν A.''Ag.''771 (lyr.); φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι Hdt.6.69.<br><span class="bld">B</span> pf., [[οἶδα]] I [[know]], used as pres.: plpf. [[ᾔδεα]] (v. infr.), I [[knew]], used as impf.:—pf. [[οἶδα]], Aeol. ὄϊδα Alc. 145; 2sg. [[οἶδας]] once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. ''h.Merc.''456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.''Acut.''67, E.''Alc.''780, Philem.44.3 codd.; [[οἶσθα]] elsewhere in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sometimes οἶσθας Cratin.105, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., [[ἴσμεν]], Ep., Aeol., and Dor. [[ἴδμεν]], also Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; <b class="b3">ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς</b>- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib.283, al.]; οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17, οἴδατε ''AP''12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43, X.''Oec.'' 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr.''Ep.''22.1: imper. [[ἴσθι]], [[ἴστω]], Boeot. [[ἴττω]], late ἰδέτω Phalar.''Ep.''122 codd.: from 3pl. [[ἴσασι]] (ἴσαντι Epich. 53) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich.254, Pi.''P.''4.248; 3sg. ἴσατι ''IG''14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi.''N.''7.14, [[ἴσαμες]] prob. in ''Dialex.'' 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι ''GDI''5024; inf. [[ϝισάμην]] Kohler-Ziebarth [[Stadtrecht von Gortyn]] 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας A.D.''Adv.''175.19, dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi.''P.''3.29, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες ''GDI''5024: subj. [[εἰδῶ]] ([[εἰδέω]], [[ἰδέω]], Il.14.235, Od.16.236), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι ''SIG''45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω Od.1.174, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), εἴδομεν Il.1.363, εἴδετε Od.9.17: opt. [[εἰδείην]], 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl.''La.''190b, ''R.''582a: inf. [[εἰδέναι]], Ep. [[ἴδμεναι]], [[ἴδμεν]], also ἰδέμεν Pi.''N.''7.25: part. [[εἰδώς]], [[εἰδυῖα]], Ep. also [[ἰδυῖα]], Elean ϝειζώς ''Schwyzer'' 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα Il.14.71, Hdt.2.150, contr. ᾔδη S.''Ant.''18, Ar.''Av.'' 511, Pl.''Smp.''119a, ᾔδησθα Od.19.93, Eup. 416, etc. (but [[ᾔδεισθα]] freq. in codd., Ar.''Ec.''551, E.''Cyc.''108, Pl.''Men.'' 80d, al.), [[ᾔδεε]] (ν) Il.17.402, al., ᾔδη 1.70, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.''in Theod.''2.86), Att. contr. [[ᾔδει]] (ν) E.''Ion''1187, Ar.''V.''558, etc.; Ep. 2 and 3sg. [[ἠείδης]], [[ἠείδη]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] -εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν D.37.24, 2sg. ᾔδεις Ar.''Th.''554, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82, Arist.''APo.''87b40, ᾔδεμεν Men.14D. (to be read in S.''OT''1232), ᾔδειτε D.55.9, etc. ([[ᾔδετε]] prob. in E.''Ba.'' 1345), Ion. ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν [[LXX]] ''Ge.''42.23, Str.15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175, Thgn.54, etc.; late Ep. [[ᾔδειν]], [[ἠείδειν]], A.R.2.65,4.1700, also [[ᾖσμεν]], [[ᾖστε]], [[ᾖσαν]], Ar.''Fr.''149.4 (prob.), S.''Fr.''340, E. ''Cyc.''231, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν Il.18.405, Od.4.772:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il.1.548, Hp.''VM''20, Ar.''Ach.''332, etc.; also εἰδήσω Od.7.327, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.''Top.''108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.''Con.''1 ''Praef.'', etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257.—The aor. and pf. are usually supplied by [[γιγνώσκω]]; aor. 1 inf. [[εἰδῆσαι]] is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, ''Epid.''6.8.25 ([[ἐξ]]-), Arist.''EN''1156b27, Thphr.''Char. Prooem.''4; imper. εἴδησον ''PCair.Zen.''36.2 (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. [[εἰδήσωσιν]] Herzog [[Koische Forschungen]] No.190 (ii/i B.C.):—[[know]], [[have knowledge of]], [[be acquainted with]], Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70; <b class="b3">νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε</b>, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551, cf. Pl.''R.''365e, D.54.34, etc.; <b class="b3">πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν</b> the first we [[know of]], Hdt.1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4: strengthened by [[εὖ]] or <b class="b3">σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι</b> [[know]] well, [[be assured]] of this, E.''Med.''593; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.''Supp.''740, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, <b class="b3">ἄγρια οἶδε</b> [[has]] fierceness [[in his heart]], Il.24.41; <b class="b3">ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη</b> [[had]] law lessness [[in his heart]], Od.9.189; <b class="b3">αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη</b>, 14.433, 19.248; <b class="b3">εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη</b> if he [[were]] kindly [[disposed]] towards me, Il.16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277; <b class="b3">κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς</b>, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412; <b class="b3">τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς</b> [[cunning with]] the bow, 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438; <b class="b3">χάριν εἰδέναι τινί</b> [[acknowledge]] a debt to another, [[thank]] him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, <b class="b3">ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός</b> [[be]] Zeus [[my witness]], Il.10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.; Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς</b> etc., Ar.''Ach.''860, etc.: part. [[εἰδώς]], abs., [[one who knows]], [[one acquainted with the fact]], ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36, cf. 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.''R.''337d, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι</b> with [[knowing]] mind, Il.1.608,al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[know how]] to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238, cf. S.''Ph.''1010, Ar.''V.''376; also, [[to be in a condition]], [[be able]], [[have the power]], E.''Med.''664, D.4.40; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.''Febr.''6; of a festival, <b class="b3">οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν</b> Chor.p.124 B.; [[learn]], ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E.''Hipp.''729.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. part., [[to know that]] such and such [[is]] the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, <b class="b3">ἴσθι μοι δώσων</b> [[know that]] thou wilt give, A.''Ag.''1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E.''Hec.''397: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A.''Ch.''234; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th.1.69: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὄντα]]) Jul.''Or.''7.226a.<br><span class="bld">4</span> less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους… ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.''Pers.''337, cf. S.''Ph.''1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον… ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.''Cyr.''8.3.44; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.''Pers.''431; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.''IA''1005.<br><span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. followed by [[ὡς]], [[ὅτι]], etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.''El.''332; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.''Prt.'' 323b, etc.<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ</b>… I [[know]] not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with [[ἄν]] transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. ''Alc.''48, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after [[εἰ]], as <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος</b> [[perhaps]] no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.<br><span class="bld">7</span> in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως</b> I [[know]] not how, Pl.''R.''40cb; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.''Cra.''396d.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[οἶδα]], [[ἴσθι]] are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ E.''Med.''948; <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα</b> ib.94,963; also <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πάρειμι]]) I [[know it well]], S.''Ant.'' 276; <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι</b>, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.''Pl.''889:—<b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς</b>, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον</b>; do—thou [[know'st]] what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.''Eq.''1158, cf. ''Pax''1051, etc.; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον</b>; S.''OT''543; also <b class="b3">οἶσθ'… ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς</b>; Id.''OC''75; <b class="b3">οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω</b>; E.''IT''1203: rarely with the fut., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις</b> (nisileg. [[δρᾶσον]]); Id.''Cyc.''131, cf. ''Med.''600 codd.