παρά: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. also [[παραί]]: shortened [[πάρ]], in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.''Supp.''553, S.''Tr.''636), and in all dial ects exc. Att., ''GDI''5434.8 (Paros), ''IG''5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), ''Inscr.Magn.''26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[beside]]: hence,<br><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion [[from the side of]], [[from beside]], [[from]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225, etc.; παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων… ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190, cf. 21.173; σπασσάμενος… ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473; <b class="b3">πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη</b> was exposed [[beside]] the shield, 4.468, cf. A.''Th.''624.<br><span class="bld">II</span> commonly of Persons,<br><span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε… πὰρ Διός Il.2.787; παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.140. ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.''An.''1.7.13; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117; <b class="b3">ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων</b> his messenger, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.53; so οἱ π. τινός Th.7.10, ''Ev.Marc.''3.21, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.''An.''1.1.5, etc.; <b class="b3">τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο</b> [[from]] his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.''An.''2.1.20; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.''DMort.''1.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[issuing from]] a person, <b class="b3">γίγνεσθαι π. τινός</b> to be born [[from]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 179b; [[λόγος]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστί]]) <b class="b3"> π. Ἀθηναίων</b> c. acc. et inf., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.55: freq. following a Noun, <b class="b3">δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων</b> glory from (given by) men, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''232a; <b class="b3">ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια</b> the favour [[from]], i.e. of, any one, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.2.12; <b class="b3">τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα</b> [[done by]] me, Id.''Cyr.''5.5.13; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινός</b> [[all that issues from]] any one, as commands, commissions, Id.''An.''2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.''Mem.''3.11.13; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> my opinions, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 219a; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς</b> giving [[from]] oneself, i.e. [[from]] one's own [[means]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 2.129, 8.5; παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.''HG''6.1.3; <b class="b3">νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ</b> [[by]] my [[advice]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 322d; <b class="b3">αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν</b> of themselves, Id.''Tht.'' 150d, cf. ''Phdr.''235c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290, 15.158; πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.''P.''1.76; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14, cf. ''IG''12.40.10; <b class="b3">δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός</b>, Th.1.20, X.''Oec.''9.11, Hes.''Th.''914; <b class="b3">ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός</b>, S.''El.''870 (lyr.), X.''HG''3.1.4; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 406d; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.''Mx.''236e: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων ''IG''12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.104, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> with Pass. Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς… μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''245c, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα</b>, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.2; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα</b> ib.6.1.42; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα</b> [[the presents of]]... Isoc.4.26; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 175e.<br><span class="bld">III</span> rarely for [[παρά]] c. dat., [[by]], [[near]], πὰρ ποδός Pi.''P.''10.62, 3.60; <b class="b3">παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων</b> dub. l. in S.''Ant.''966 (lyr.); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως ''IG''12.81.5; <b class="b3">πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον</b>, = [[ἀμφοτέρωθεν]], D.S.19.42.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος</b> [[without]] his consent, ''BCH''46.337 (Teos).<br><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DAT. denoting rest [[by the side of]] any person or thing, answering the question [[where]]?<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]]s, <b class="b3">κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'… πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ</b>, Od.7.154, 9.319; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565; <b class="b3">πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο</b> [[at]] their feet, 14.411, etc.; <b class="b3">π. θύρῃσι</b> [[at]] the door, 7.346; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773; δεῖπνον… εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''972; <b class="b3">παρ' οἴνῳ</b> [[over]] wine, ib. 780, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[beside]], πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556, cf. 6.246, etc.; παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243; <b class="b3">πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει</b> stood [[by]] him, Il.4.367.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[at]] one's [[house]] or [[place]], [[with]] one, μένειν π. τισί 9.427; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627; <b class="b3">παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι</b> [[at]] their own [[house]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.105, cf. 86; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.15; καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82 (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136), etc.: hence <b class="b3">οἱ παρ' ἐμοί</b> those [[of my household]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.7.4, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ παρ' ἐμοί</b> life [[with me]], Id.''An.'' 1.7.4; [[οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι]] = [[our people]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 64b; <b class="b3">ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος</b>, D.15.19; <b class="b3">ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος</b> one's [[own]] life, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''612; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 29f; ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''382; τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 29f; also, in one's [[hands]], τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα ''IG''12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.130, etc.; <b class="b3">οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν</b> I had no [[right]] to speak then, Men.''Epit.''98.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[before]], [[in the presence of]], ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154; [[before]] a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ ''IG''12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.160; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65; παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13: hence [[παρ' ἐμοί]] = [[in my judgement]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32, cf. S.''Tr.''589, E.''Heracl.''881, ''1 Ep.Cor.''3.19; <b class="b3">π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται</b> [[with]] him, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 510e.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in quoting authors, <b class="b3">παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ</b>, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''9,18.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Arc., = [[π]]. c. gen., [[from]], καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι ''SIG''559.9 (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[beside]], [[near]], [[by]],<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[along]],<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[past]], [[beyond]].<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[beside]], [[near]], [[by]]:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of coming, going, etc., [[to the side of]], [[to]], ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347, cf. 8.220, etc.; βῆ… π. θῖνα 1.34, cf. 327, etc.; <b class="b3">τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν</b> [[to the side of]]... 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, <b class="b3">εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον</b> [[to the chamber of]] H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 59d; <b class="b3">πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.86; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of rest, [[beside]], [[near]], [[by]], sometimes with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406, cf. 11.577), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον Od.4.51, cf. 13.372; <b class="b3">κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας</b> lies [[stretched beside]]... Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο</b> come and stand [[by]] me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.; π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια ''IG''12.94.28; <b class="b3">κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια</b> they lay down [[by]]... Od.12.32, cf. 3.460; ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.''Euthd.''271b, cf. ''Phd.''89b; <b class="b3">ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν</b>, [[LXX]] ''Ge.''19.1, ''Ev.Marc.'' 10.46; παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]'' 21.2, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 175c; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.''Ly.''211a, cf. ''R.''328c; στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.''Phd.''116c; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα… παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313, cf. 6.34, ''IG''12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.87; τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140.ά ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐμοί]]); εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.18, cf. ''An.''1.9.31, Ar.''Fr.''451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, ''IG''22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99, cf. S.''El.''184 (lyr.), ''Tr.''636 (lyr.); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον ''IG''12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα ''IG''42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); <b class="b3">παρ' ὄμμα</b> [[before]] one's eyes, E.''Supp.''484; <b class="b3">π. πόδας</b> [[on]] the spot, Phld.''Ir.''p.78 W., ''Rh.''2.2 S.; [[immediately thereafter]], Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Dor., Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of... with a person, ''IG''7.3171.7 (Orchom. Boeot.), ''GDI'' 1717 (Delph.); <b class="b3">παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος]</b> [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''759 (Megar.); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ ''IG''9(2).517.18 (Larissa, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος</b> ib.13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ ''Schwyzer'' 425.5 (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in Att., <b class="b3">θέμενος π. γυναῖκας</b> depositing [[with]]... Pl. ''R.''465c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480, etc.; τὸν δ' ἕτερον… κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα 5.293, cf. 17.310; <b class="b3">δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν</b> ib.290.<br><span class="bld">4</span> with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., [[side by side with]]... ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 475e, cf. ''Hp.Mi.''369c, ''Smp.''214c, ''R.''348a; ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα D.18.265; ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα… τῶν χρωμάτων [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''375a24.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π.</b> apply an area [[to]] (i.e. [[along]]) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.''Aequil.''2.1; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. ''Men.''87a; <b class="b3">ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως</b> the line [[to]] which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.''Con.''1.11: hence,<br><span class="bld">c</span> Arith., <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν τι π. τι</b> divide [[by]]… (v. [[παραβάλλω]] A. VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ γ π. ί</b> multiply by 3 and divide [[by]] 10, ''PLond.''5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> Geom., [[parallel to]]... Democr.155, Arist. ''Top.''158b31, Archim.''Sph. Cyl.''1.12, al.<br><span class="bld">6</span> metaph. in Gramm., [[like]], [[as a parody of]]... <b class="b3">π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους</b>, Sch.[[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1240, ''Nu.''584.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Gramm., of words which differ [[as compared with]] other words, <b class="b3">π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν… [τὸ ἥρως]</b> [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''398d, cf. 399a, ''Lg.''654a: hence, [[derived from]]... <b class="b3">π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον</b>, A.D. ''Pron.''31.16; <b class="b3">π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα</b> Sch.A.R.2.624; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι… καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.''PS''p.24 B.<br><span class="bld">7</span> generally, of Comparison, [[alongside of]], [[compared with]], usually implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.160, cf. 7.20, 103; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23, cf. 4.6; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.4.14; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 584a, cf. ''Phdr.''236d, ''La.''183c, al.; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας ''BCH''26.332 (Halae); προετέρει π. πάντας ''PSI'' 4.422.34 (iii B. C.): sometimes implying inferiority or defect, <b class="b3">ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους</b> a little [[lower than]] the angels, [[LXX]] ''Ps.'' 8.6; <b class="b3">μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον</b> lag one day [[behind]] the sun, Gem.8.19; so perhaps <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν</b> (has passed the ball?) [[short of]] him, beyond him, Antiph.234; <b class="b3">μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι</b> one day [[compared with]] another is important... a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; <b class="b3">τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν</b>; what joy has one day [[compared with]] another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''475; <b class="b3">ὃς μὲν κρίνει</b> (prefers) <b class="b3">ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει</b> (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ''Ep.Rom.''14.5.<br><span class="bld">8</span> with Verbs of estimating, to set [[at]] so and so much, hence [[π]]. = [[equivalent to]]... <b class="b3">ταρβῶ μὴ… θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς</b> set [[at]] nought, E.''IT''732, cf. A. ''Ag.''229 (lyr.); παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.''Ant.''35; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι</b> or <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαί τι</b> hold of small [[account]], Isoc.5.79, D.61.51; παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.''An.''6.6.11; so with [[εἶναι]], etc., <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι</b> are [[as]] nothing, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''983, cf. ''Ant.''466; παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''569; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.''An.''1.18.6; so perhaps <b class="b3">π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε</b> have turned out of little [[account]], have [[amounted to]] little, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.120.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in Accountancy, without a verb, <b class="b3">π. τὴν καταλλαγήν</b> [[on account of]] [[κ]]., ''PHib.''1.100.4 (iii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">9</span> of correspondence, <b class="b3">ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα</b> stater [[for]] stater (one to each of two creditors), ''BCH''50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.''Ra.''643; <b class="b3">συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν</b> stayed day [[for]] day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο</b>, of four priests acting two and two alternately, ''BGU''1198.12 (i B. C.); <b class="b3">τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἡμέραν]]) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or [[tertian]] fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sometimes without doubling of the Noun, <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέρην</b>, opp. <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέρην</b>, [[tertian]], opp. [[quotidian]], Hp.''Aph.''1.12; <b class="b3">καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς</b> every day, [[every second]] day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.''Epict.''2.18.13; <b class="b3">π. μίαν</b> every second day, Plb.3.110.4; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐνιαυτόν</b> every second year, Plu.''Cleom.''15; <b class="b3">παρ' ἔτος</b> year and year about, Arist.''GA''757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; <b class="b3">π. μέρος</b> by turns (v. [[μέρος]] II. 2); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ''ND''28; <b class="b3">π. μῆνα τρίτον</b> every third month, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but <b class="b3">π. τρία [ἔτεα]</b> prob. every fourth year, ''IG''5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr.''Epict.'' [[l.c.]]; <b class="b3">ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον</b> every second one, Nicom.''Ar.''1.18; <b class="b3">ἕνα π. δύο</b> ([[τρεῖς]]) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει</b> now one now another, E.''Heracl.'' 611.<br><span class="bld">10</span> [[precisely at the moment of]], <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα</b> [[flagrante delicto]], D.18.13, 21.26; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον ''IG''12.188.31; <b class="b3">π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας</b>, D.20.41,46; <b class="b3">π. τὰ δεινά</b> [[in the midst of]] danger, Plu.''Ant.''63; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.''Or.''1.10b; <b class="b3">π. τὴν πρώτην</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐπίθεσιν]]) [[at]] the first attack, Hld.9.2; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.''NA''14.10.<br><span class="bld">b</span> distributively, whether of [[time]], <b class="b3">π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα</b> [[in each]] complete period of seventy years, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια… τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.''Oec.''20.18; <b class="b3">πὰρ Ϝέτος</b> [[each]] year, [[every]] year, ''Tab.Heracl.'' 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον ''IG''12(7).5.14 (Amorgos); <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα</b> day and night, B.''Fr.''7; or more generally, <b class="b3">πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν</b> [[in respect of each]] olive plant, ''Tab.Heracl.''1.122; <b class="b3">παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται</b> [[from]] day [[to]] day, [[per]] day, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''571a21; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.''Pr.'' 881b26; ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70; τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. ''Lg.''705a.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">παρ' ἆμαρ</b> [[on]] (this) day, [[today]], <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ</b>… [[to]]-day and tomorrow, Pi.''P.''11.63; but <b class="b3">παρ' ἦμαρ</b> [[to]]-morrow, S. ''OC''1455 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[throughout]] a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.46; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.''Lg.''733a; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10; also more loosely, [[during]], <b class="b3">π. τὴν πόσιν</b> [[while]] they were drinking, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156; π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.''Ant.''24; <b class="b3">π. δεῖπνον</b> or <b class="b3">π. τὸ δεῖπνον</b>, Id.2.737a,674f.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[along]], ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.193; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148; <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον… τύμβον κατόψει</b> [[straight]] [[along]] the [[road]], E.''Alc.''835; παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων</b> ib.9; for <b class="b3">παραβάλλειν π.</b>, v. supr. c. 1.4b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[strictly according to]], [[without deviating from]], εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''474.5; <b class="b3">ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην</b>, i.e. too strict, A.''Ag.''1045; <b class="b3">π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν… ἐπιδείξω</b> I will prove to you [[strictly according to]] the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[past]], [[beyond]], παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα… ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς ''h.Ap.''425; <b class="b3">π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι</b> pass [[by]] Babylon, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.2.29; <b class="b3">παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες</b> looking [[over the edge of]]... [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''390.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[over and above]], [[in addition to]], οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.''Nu.'' 698; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 74a, cf.''R.''337d, D.18.139, X.''HG'' 1.5.5; <b class="b3">ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους</b> [[more than]] the others, Id.''Ages.''5.3, cf. ''Mem.''4.4.1, ''Oec.''20.16; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl.''Ion''539e.<br><span class="bld">3</span> metaph., [[in excess over]], <b class="b3">πὰρ δύναμιν</b> [[beyond]] one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.''Lyc.''16, Arist.''Rh.Al.''1423b29; π. τὴν δ. Id.''Po.''1451b38.<br><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., [[in transgression]] or [[violation of]], π. μοῖραν Od.14.509; π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.''Supp.'' 14.10; <b class="b3">παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν</b>, Pi.''P.''8.13, ''O.''2.16, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον</b>, Id.1.67, X.''HG''1.7.14; π. φύσιν Th.6.17, cf. Pl.''Lg.''747b; <b class="b3">π. τὴν στήλην</b> prob. in ''IG''12.45.20; <b class="b3">π. καιρόν</b> [[out of]] season, Pi.''O.''8.24, etc.; <b class="b3">π. γνώμαν</b> ib.12.10, cf. A.''Supp.''454; <b class="b3">π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον</b>, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλπίδα</b> or [[ἐλπίδας]], A.''Ag.''899, S.''Ant.''392, etc.; <b class="b3">πὰρ μέλος</b> [[out of]] tune, Pi.''N.''7.69; π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός</b>, Id.4.17, 1.98.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου</b>, = [[παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου]], [[passed over]] so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by [[παρά]], which thus came to mean '[[by]] such and such a margin', '[[with]] so much [[to spare]]', <b class="b3">ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ</b>, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. ''Ap.''36a; <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες</b> [[only just]], E.''IT''870 (lyr.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο Th.7.71; <b class="b3">δεινότατον π. πολύ</b> [[by]] far, Ar.''Pl.'' 445; <b class="b3">παρ' ὅσον</b> [[quatenus]], Luc.''Nec.''17, etc.; <b class="b3">π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε</b> [[by]] two votes, Hyp.''Eux.''28, cf. D.23.205; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν</b> [[by]] so much (= little) he missed falling in with... Th.8.33; <b class="b3">π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν</b> ib.29; <b class="b3">οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν</b> they made no little [[difference]], Isoc.4.59.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in phrases like [[π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον]] was sometimes understood of the interval [[from]] danger, etc., and [[παρά]] came to mean '[[by]] so much [[short of]]' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.''Ph.''197a29), [[within such and such a distance of]], so [[near to]], <b class="b3">τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[αὐτῷ]]) <b class="b3"> λαβεῖν</b> he was [[within]] one night of taking E., Th.4.106; <b class="b3">π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν</b> I came [[within]] a little of... Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. ''Caes.'' 39; <b class="b3">παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε… ἀφελέσθαι</b> was [[within]] an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι</b> (were [[within]] a mere nothing, [[within]] an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258, cf. Plu.''Pyrrh.'' 14, ''Alex.''62; <b class="b3">π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν</b> so [[near]] he came to escaping, Luc.''Cat.''4; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.33; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without [[ἐγένετο]] or <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα</b> (less) [[by]] one, i.e. [[less]] one, Nicom.''Ar.''1.8; <b class="b3">τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν</b>, = 39, ''2 Ep.Cor.''11.24; <b class="b3">παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι</b> the same number [[less]] one, Plu. ''Publ.''9; <b class="b3">σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων</b> you have brought me one [[too few]], Luc.''Cat.''4; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2; <b class="b3">τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια</b> seven carats [[short]], PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); <b class="b3">πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους</b>, all [[save]] one (a few), Plu.''Cat.Mi.''20, ''Ant.''5; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο ''IG''5(1).801 (Laconia); of one <b class="b3">Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα</b> you are a bear ([[ἄρκος]]) [[all but]] a letter, ''AP''11.231 (Ammian.); <b class="b3">ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι</b> so that he [[all but]] (lit. [[less]] something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; <b class="b3">π. τι βυθίζεσθαι</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in ''Ev.Luc.''5.7; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τοῦτο</b> the figure [[less]] that, i.e. the remainder or [[difference]], PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''264.4 (i A. D.), ''PAmh.''2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any [[difference]] whether of excess or defect, <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς… Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς… Σαυνίτας</b> making no [[difference]] between... Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.<br><span class="bld">6</span> hence of the margin [[by]] which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause [[according to]] which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2 (cf. [[μικρός]] III. 5 c); <b class="b3">διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις</b> [[according to]]... [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''486b5; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29, cf. 11.5, al.; <b class="b3">π. τὰ πράγματα</b> cj. in Apollod.Car.11.<br><span class="bld">7</span> more generally of the margin [[by]] which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.''APr.''65b6, cf. 48a24, al.), <b class="b3">κεινὰν π. δίαιταν</b> [[just for the sake of]] unsatisfying food, Pi.''O.''2.65; <b class="b3">ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν</b> each thinks that his own negligence will not [[suffice to cause]] injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; <b class="b3">π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν</b> [[all through]] his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; <b class="b3">πολλὰ… ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται</b> not [[from]] one or two causes [[only]], Id.9.2; <b class="b3">οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι</b> [[it does]] not [[follow that]] it is not... ''1 Ep.Cor.''12.15; <b class="b3">π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει</b> [[by the simple fact of]] prompt payment, ''IPE''12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων Lycurg.63, cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; <b class="b3">οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς</b> [[thanks to]] himself [[alone]], Aristeas 224; παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.''Epict.''3.24.2, cf. Phld.''Rh.''2.16 S.; παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. ''in CA''25p.477M.; <b class="b3">εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον</b>, i.e. [[on]] this [[depends]]... Pl.''Lg.''715d, cf. X.''Eq.Mag.''1.5, D.C.''Fr.''36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.''Ench.''51.2; <b class="b3">π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι</b> [[just because]] I am a Greek, ''UPZ''7.13 (ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν [[LXX]] ''Ge.''29.20, cf. ''Ex.''14.11; later more loosely, [[because of]]... Phld.''Rh.''1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε</b> it is no fault of yours, ''PRyl.''243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1420.7 (ii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">8</span> of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239; <b class="b3">πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν</b> to persuade (the judges) [[so far as in]] you [[lies]], Arr.''Epict.''2.2.20; <b class="b3">οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ</b> [[as far as]] I [[am concerned]], [[for all]] I [[care]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''846.<br><span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: [[παρά]] may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe [[πάρα]]: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400; but <b class="b3">Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ'</b> ib.191.<br><span class="bld">E</span> [[παρά]] abs., as ADV., [[near]], [[together]], Il.1.611, al., E.''IA''201 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">F</span> [[πάρα]] (with anastrophe) stands for [[πάρεστι]] and [[πάρεισι]], Il.1.174, Hes.''Op.''454, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''167, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.42, al., S.''El.''285, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''862, etc.<br><span class="bld">G</span> IN COMPOS.,<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[alongside of]], [[beside]], of rest, <b class="b3">παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι ([[εἰμί]]), παρίστημι</b>; of motion, [[παραπλέω]], [[πάρειμι]] ([[εἶμι]]).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[to the side of]], [[to]], [[παραδίδωμι]], [[παρέχω]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[to one side of]], [[by]], [[past]], <b class="b3">παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω</b>.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> metaph.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[aside]] or [[beyond]], i.e. [[amiss]], [[wrong]], <b class="b3">παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω</b>.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of comparison, as in [[παραβάλλω]], [[παρατίθημι]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> of alteration or change, as in <b class="b3">παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι</b>.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of a side-issue, [[παραπόλλυμι]]. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr '[[along]]', Lat. [[por]]-.)