σφεῖς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> FORMS: nom. [[σφεῖς]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.168, Th.5.46,65, X.''An.'' 7.5.9, ''HG''5.2.8, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 487c:—the uncontr, form [[σφέες]] is never found, cf. A.D.''Pron.''93.1, though recognized by Greg.Cor.p.479 S.:—the obl. cases only are used by Hom.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Gen. [[σφέων]], in Hom. a monosyll., and sometimes enclitic, Il.18.311, Od.3.134; ''poet.'' [[σφείων]] only in Il., and always in phrase [[ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων]], 4.535, 5.626, 13.148; [[σφέων]] also in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.4, 4.35, al.; Att. [[σφῶν]] ''IG''12.39.67, al., Th.1.120, al., Antipho 6.23, etc., also in Hom. in the phrase [[σφῶν αὐτῶν]], Il.12.155, 19.302.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Dat. [[σφίσι]] (ν) or σφισι (ν) 4.2, 17.453, 22.288,474, A. ''Pr.''481, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.4, al., Th.1.19, al., X.''HG''1.7.5, etc.; more freq. in the forms σφι<b class="b3">, σφιν</b>, Il.2.612,614, al., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''254, al., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.31, al. (not in Att. Prose); in Trag. never σφι; sometimes elided [[σφ]]', Il.3.300, 8.4, etc.; σφιν also in Dor. Prose, ''SIG''56.48 (Argos, v B.C.), ''IG''22.1126.25 (Delph. Amphict., iv B.C.), ''Schwyzer'' 92.5 (Argos, iii B.C.), Anon. in ''PSI''9.1091.21:—[[σφίσι]] (ν) is not enclitic acc. to A.D.''Pron.''98.12, sometimes enclitic acc. to Hdn.Gr.2.42 (who says elsewhere (2.57) that pronouns beginning with σφ- are always enclitic); σφι (ν) is enclitic, exc. at the beginning of a phrase, as σφὶν δ' αὐτοῖς Hes.''Fr.''49 (cited by A.D.''Pron.''98.11).<br><span class="bld">4</span> Acc., Ep. and Ion. σφέᾰς (enclit. [[σφεας]]) Hom. (v. infr.), Archil.27.2, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.4,5, al.; freq. to be pronounced as one long syllable, as in οὐ μέν σφεας ἔτ' ἔολπα Od.8.315, cf. 480, 13.213,276; but also as a disyll., Il.12.43, Od.12.225, al.; σφᾰς enclit. in Il.5.567, Parm.1.12, Theoc.21.16, not enclit. in Opp.''C.''1.471, ''H.''2.231; Att. [[σφᾶς]] ''IG''12.101.3, Th.1.24, [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 1378, ''Or.''1127, etc.; enclit. [[σφας [ᾱ]], cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''128 (anap.)] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1470,1508, ''OC''486; also [[σφε]] Il.19.265, Simon.99, Pi.''P.''5.86, A.''Th.''630 (lyr.), 788 (lyr.), 864 (anap.), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1505, ''OC''605, 1669, [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 394, etc.; never in Com. (for [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1020 is a burlesque oracle), nor in Att. Prose; once in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] (7.170, sed leg. [[σφέας]]): neut. σφεα (v. infr. ''III'').<br><span class="bld">II</span> Rare dialectic forms:—Lacon. dat. φιν, ''EM''702.41; used also by Emp.22.3, Call.''Dian.''125,213, ''Fr.''183, Nic.''Th.''725: Aeol. dat. and acc. [[ἄσφι]], [[ἄσφε]], Sapph.43, Alc.73: Syrac. dat. and acc. [[ψιν]], [[ψε]], Sophr.93,94, Theoc.4.3; [[ψε]] and [[ψεαυτόνς]] also Cretan, ''Rendic.Pont. Accad.Rom. di Arch''.7.106, ''Riv.Fil.''58(1930).473; Cret. dat. ψιναυτοῖς ''Riv.Ist.Arch.''2.19: Arc. dat. σφεις ''IG''5(2).6.10, 18 (Tegea).—For the dual v. [[σφωέ]]: like other pl. forms σφε can be used with reference to two persons, Il.11.111, Od.8.271, 21.192, 206; so σφεας, Il.11.128.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Gender:—in Hom. this Pron. has no neut.; in Od.9.70, 10.355, it refers to things, denoted by feminine nouns: but in Ion. Prose occurs the neut. pl. σφεα, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.46,89, 2.119, 3.53 (σφε codd.), 7.50, Abyd.9; σφε is acc. pl. neut. in Theoc.15.80.<br><span class="bld">B</span> MEANINGS:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[they]], [[them]], pl. of [[οὗ]] B.I, ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη Il.18.311; τῶ σφεων πολέες κακὸν οἶτον ἐπέσπον Od.3.134; μετὰ δέ σφισι πότνια Ἥβη νέκταρ ἐῳνοχόει Il.4.2; οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει 2.614; ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα κράσεις ἠπίων ἀκεσμάτων [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''481, cf. 443,457, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1470, al., [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 1378; this use is not found in Prose, exc. in dialects, ''SIG''56.48 (Argos, v B.C.), ''IG''22.1126.25 (Delph. Amphict., iv B.C.), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.3, 2.15, al.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι ἑστᾶσι]] = [[beside each each man was his yoke of horses]], Il.5.195.<br><span class="bld">2</span> reflexively, as pl. of [[οὗ]] B. 11.1, ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων 4.535, al.; αἵ ἑ μετὰ σφίσιν εἶχον 22.474, cf. Th.2.76; later with the same restriction as for οὗ B. 11.1, e.g. φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη· ἢν γὰρ σφαλῇ, σφεῖς γε οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ δουλεύσουσι τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν ἡμερέων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.168, cf. Th.5.46,65, X.''An.''7.5.9, ''HG''5.2.8, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 487c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> oblique cases in combination with [[αὐτῶν]], αὐτούς, etc., forming a reflex. Pron. used without the foreg. restriction, ἐντὸς δὲ πυκάζοιεν σφέας αὐτούς Od.12.225; σφῶν δ' αὐτῶν κήδε' ἑκάστη Il.19.302, cf. 12.155; σφᾶς δ' αὐτάς Hes.''Th.''34; Κερκυραῖοι σφῶν αὐτῶν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς δοκοῦντας εἶναι ἐφόνευον Th.3.81, cf. 1.139, al.; it sometimes = [[ἀλλήλους]] (-ων), ἀλλήλοις κοτέοντες ἐπὶ σφέας ὁρμήσωσι Hes.''Sc.''403; ποθεινοτέρως σφῶν αὐτῶν ἔχειν X.''Lac.''1.5; [[σφᾶς]] ([[σφὰς]] cod. L) [[αὐτοὺς.. ἐπέφραδον]] informed [[one another]], A.R.2.959; but [[σφᾶς ἑωυτάς]] is prob. [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Hp.''Epid.''2.1.3: cf. Thom.Mag.p.329 R.<br><span class="bld">II</span> as sg., = [[him]], [[her]], in the dat. and acc. forms [[σφι]], [[σφιν]], [[σφε]]; [[σφιν]] is so used in ''h.Pan.''19, ''h.Hom.''30.9, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''759, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1490 (in Od.15.524 σφιν refers to all the suitors, and in Hes.''Sc.''113 to Ares and Cycnus); σφι in Lyc.1242; σφε = [[him]], [[her]], in Pi.''I.''6(5).74, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''9, ''Th.''469, al., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''761, ''Ant.''44, ''Ph.''200 (anap.), al., [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''107 (lyr.), 149,200, ''Med.''33, al.; = [[it]] (of a masc. noun) in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''40: [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for σφεα in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.52,53, and for σφεας Id.1.71, al.<br><span class="bld">III</span> once as 2 pers. pl. reflex., ἠνώγει δέ μ' ἰόντα.. πυθέσθαι ἠὲ.. ἦ.. φύξιν βουλεύοιτε μετὰ σφίσιν Il.10.398 (reported from φύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν ib.311); [[σφέας]] for [[ὑμᾶς]] in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.71 (but with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] σφεα).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> later as ''1'' pers. pl. (cf. [[σφέτερος]], [[σφωΐτερος]], [[ἑός]]), ἧμιν ἐνὶ σφίσι A.R.2.1278; [[σφᾶς]] = [[ἡμᾶς]], Men.Prot.p.119 D.; censured by Luc.''Sol.''8,9.