ὡς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Summary:<br><span class="bld">A</span> as ADVERB of Manner.<br><span class="bld">Aa</span> [[ὧς]] and [[ὥς]] (with accent), [[so]], [[thus]].<br><span class="bld">Ab</span> [[ὡς]] (without accent) of the Relat. Pron. [[ὅς]], [[as]].<br><span class="bld">Ac</span> [[ὡς]] Relat. and Interrog., [[how]].<br><span class="bld">Ad</span> [[ὡς]] temporal, [[when]].<br><span class="bld">Ae</span> [[ὡς]] Local, [[where]],<br><span class="bld">B</span> [[ὡς]], as CONJUNCTION.<br><span class="bld">C, D</span> various usages.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ADVERB of Manner:<br><span class="bld">Aa</span> ὥς, Demonstr., = [[οὕτως]], [[so]], [[thus]], freq. in Hom., Il.1.33, al.; ὢς εἶπ' Sapph.''Supp.''20a.''ΙΙ'' (Epic style); in Ion. Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.13, al.; rare in Att., and almost confined to certain phrases, v. infr. 2, 3; [[ὥς]] simply = [[οὕτως]], A.''Ag.''930, Th.3.37, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]''338a; ἀλλ' ὣς γενέσθω [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Hecuba|Hec.]]''888, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ὧς</b> even [[so]], [[nevertheless]], Il.1.116, al.; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὧς</b> not even [[so]], 7.263, Od.1.6, al., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.76; οὐδέ κεν ὧς Il.9.386: the phrases <b class="b3">καὶ ὧς, οὐδ' ὧς, μηδ' ὧς</b>, are used in Trag. and Att., S.''Ant.''1042, Th.1.74, 7.74; also later, ''PCair.Zen.''19.10 (iii B. C., unaccented), ''UPZ''146.40 (ii B. C.), ''GDI'' 1832.11 (Delph., ii B. C.), ''IG''22.850.17 (iii B. C.); κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''120.11 (iv A. D.); δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς ''GDI''2160 (Delph., ii B. C.); Thess. καὶ οὗς ''IG''9(2).234.1 (iii B. C.); for this phrase the accentuation [[ὧς]] is prescribed by Hdn.Gr.2.932, al., cf. A.D.''Synt.''307.16, and is found in good Mss. of Homer; for the remaining uses under this head (Aa. ''1'', 3, 4) the accentuation [[ὥς]] is prescribed by the same grammarians.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in Comparisons, <b class="b3">ὥς... ὡς</b>... so . . as... etc.; and reversely <b class="b3">ὡς... ὣς</b>... as . . so, Il.1.512, 14.265, etc.; in Att., Pl.''R.''530d; also <b class="b3">ὥς τε . . ὣς</b>... as . . thus... ''h.Cer.''174-6, E.''Ba.''1066-8; οἷα . . ὥς Id.''El.''151-5; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ... ὣς δὲ</b> . . (in apodosi) [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]''326d.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[thus]], [[for instance]], Od.5.129, ''h.Ven.'' 218; [[ὥς]] should be accented in Od.5.121, 125.<br><span class="bld">Ab</span> ὡς, Relat., [[as]], Hom., etc.; prop. relat. to a demonstr. Adv., which is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">κινήθη δ' ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης</b>, i.e. [[οὕτως]], [[ὡς]]... Il.2.144 (φὴ Zenod.): it is relat. not only to the regular demonstr. Advs. <b class="b3">ὥς ([[ὧς]]), τώς, ὧδε, οὕτως, αὕτως</b>, but also to [[ταύτῃ]], Pl.''R.''365d, etc. We find a collat. Dor. form [[ὥ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); cf. [[ὥτε]]. Usage:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in similes, freq. in Hom., Il.5.161, al.; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ' ὅτε, ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] 4.462: ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε 13.389, cf. 2.394; so later, Emp.84.1, etc.; ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομεν Pi.''O.''6.2: <b class="b3">ὡς ὅτε</b> is rare in short similes, Od.11.368: [[ὡς]] is followed by indic. pres., Il.9.4, 16.364: also by aor., 3.33 sq., 4.275, 16.823, al.; also by subj. pres. or aor., 5.161, 10.183,485, 13.334 (sts. <b class="b3">ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἄν</b>, 11.269, 17.520); cf. [[ὥστε]] A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with [[ὡς]], but may be supplied from the context, <b class="b3">ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ', ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πίπτει]]) Od.15.479, cf. 6.20; θεὸς δ' ὣς τίετο δήμῳ Il.5.78; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο... βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι Od.22.299: where [[ὡς]] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Com., Ἀριστόδημος ὥς Cratin.151, cf. Eub.75.6; v. infr. H.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[like as]], [[just as]], ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν' ἔφαγε... ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. Il.2.326, v. supr. Aa. 3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> sometimes in the sense [[as much as]] or [[according as]], <b class="b3">ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς</b> (i.e. [[ὅσον]]) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον Od.17.344; <b class="b3">ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς</b> (i.e. [[ὅσα]]) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον ''h.Cer.''172; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι . . ὡς ἑνός Od.4.105; τόσον . . ὡς Il.4.130; so in Trag., σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1124; ὡς ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ Id.''OT''60; in Prose, <b class="b3">ὡς δύναται</b> [[as much as]] he can, Democr.278; τὸ ῥῆμα μέμνημαι ὡς εἶπε Aeschin.3.72; <b class="b3">ὡς μή</b> = [[ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν]] ( = [[ἂν]]) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι ''IG''5(2).3.9 (Tegea, iv B. C.); cf. Ab. 11.2 infr.<br><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes after Comp., [[compared with]], hence [[than]], <b class="b3">μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς</b> . . Pl.''Ap.''36d; ἅ γε μείζω πόνον παρέχει . . οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ πολλὰ ἂν εὕροις ὡς τοῦτο Id.''R.''526c; <b class="b3">οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς</b> . . Plb.3.12.5, cf. 7.4.5, 11.2.9, Plu.''Cor.''36: <b class="b3">μᾶσσον ὡς</b> is dub. in [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''629, and <b class="b3"></b> should perhaps be inserted in Lys.7.12,31; cf. [[ὥσπερ]] IV.<br><span class="bld">II</span> with Adverbial clauses:<br><span class="bld">1</span> parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, <b class="b3">ὡς ἔοικε</b>, etc., Pl. ''Smp.''176c, etc.: in these cases γε or [[γοῦν]] is freq. added, <b class="b3">ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει</b> [[as]] at any rate the argument shows, Id.''R.''334a; in some phrases c. inf., v. infr. B. 11.3. An anacoluthon sometimes occurs by the Verb of the principal clause being made dependent on the parenthetic Verb, <b class="b3">ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι</b> (for [[ἦν]]) τὸ σφέτερον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.5, cf. 1.65; ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόν Id.4.76; <b class="b3">ὡς γὰρ . . ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι</b> . . X.''An.''6.4.18 codd.; <b class="b3">ἁνὴρ ὅδ' ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν</b> (for <b class="b3">οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε</b>), S.''Tr.''1238.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in elliptical phrases, [[so far as]] . . (cf. supr. Ab.1.3) ὡς ἐμοί Id.''Aj.'' 395 (lyr.); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇ Ael.''VH''2.41 and ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''801; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃ X.''Vect.''5.2; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἰκάσαι]]) to judge by eyesight, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''15: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.8; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος</b> [[for]] a Lacedaemonian, Th.4.84, cf. D.H.10.31; ὡς ἀνθρώποις Alcmaeon 1; <b class="b3">φρονεῖ . . ὡς γυνὴ μέγα</b> [[for]] a woman, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1078; <b class="b3">πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ</b> ib.1118; μακρὰν ὡς γέροντι . . ὁδόν Id.''OC''20, cf. 385, ''Ant.''62, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶς X.''An.''4.3.31; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι Ῥοδῶπιν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.135 codd. ([[ἂν]] secl. Krüger, [[Ῥοδώπιος]] cj. Valck.):—for <b class="b3">ὡς εἰπεῖν</b> and the like, v. infr. B. 11.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] attached to the object of the Verb, [[as]], ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει Democr.88; ἔλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους ὡς φίλους ἤδη [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.2.25; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτο [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]''315d.—For the similar usage of [[ὡς]] with Participles and Prepositions, v. infr. c.<br><span class="bld">III</span> with Adverbs:<br><span class="bld">a</span> with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶς [[truly]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''234e (cf. [[ἀληθής]] III.1b: as if Adv. of <b class="b3">τὸ ἀληθές</b>); <b class="b3">ὡς ἑτέρως</b> [[in the other way]], ib.276c, D.18.212 (Adv. of <b class="b3">ὁ ἕτερος;</b> v. [[ἕτερος]] v. 2) (v. infr. D.1.1); <b class="b3">ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως</b>, S.''El.''1438 (lyr.), 1452; ὡς ὁμοίως ''SIG''708.34 (Istropolis, ii B. C.), [[LXX]] ''4 Ma.''5.21, ''1'' ''Enoch''5.3, ''IG''7.2725.16 (Acraeph., ii A. D.); ὡς ἐναλλάξ Vett.Val. 215.9, 340.2; ὡς παντελῶς Id.184.26; ὡς ἄλλως Is.7.27, D.6.32; ὡς ἐνδεχομένως ''PPetr.''2p.53 (iii B. C.); in <b class="b3">ὣς αὔτως</b> (v. [[ὡσαύτως]]) we have the Adv. of <b class="b3">ὁ αὐτός</b>, but the [[ὥς]] retains its demonstr. force, as does ὁ in Homer; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως</b>, and <b class="b3">ὡς παντελῶς</b> may be modelled on <b class="b3">ὣς αὔτως</b>, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also <b class="b3">ὡς ἑτέρως</b> and <b class="b3">ὡς ἐναλλάξ</b>, which are contrasted with it.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Advbs. expressing anything extraordinary, [[θαυμαστῶς]] or <b class="b3">θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς</b>, v. sub vocc.; [[ὡς]] is sometimes separated by several words from its Adv., as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα' δόξαν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''95a; ὑπερφυῶς δὴ τὸ χρῆμα ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεται Id.''Alc.''2.147c, cf. ''Phd.'' 99d.<br><span class="bld">c</span> with the Sup., [[as much as can be]], ὡς μάλιστα Th.1.141, etc.: <b class="b3">ὡς ῥᾷστα</b> [[as]] easily [[as possible]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''104; ὡς πλεῖστα Democr. 189; <b class="b3">ὠς τάχιστα</b> [[as]] quickly [[as possible]], Alc.''Supp.''4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα Isoc.12.153; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα Th.7.50; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα X.''An.''3.2.6; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον Pl.''R.''403d; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα</b> Diog.Apollon.3: [[ὡς]] and [[ὅτι]] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''908a; βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον ''IG''22.1028.17 (ii/i B. C.); v. infr. G.<br><span class="bld">d</span> with Comp., ὡς θᾶσσον Plb.1.66.1, 3.82.1.<br><span class="bld">e</span> in the phrases <b class="b3">ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ</b>, Pl.''R.''330c, 377b; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον</b> for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον Th.2.34; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει</b>, Pl.''R.''364a, 389d; ὡς τὸ ἐπίπαν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.50, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλά Ael.''NA''12.17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Adjs.,<br><span class="bld">a</span> Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι . . ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ Pl.''Grg.''477d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Sup., ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις Id.''Ti.''18d; ὅπως ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονται Id.''Grg.''503a; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον Id.''Smp.''218d.<br><span class="bld">c</span> separated from the Adj. by a Prep., ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον Th.1.63, cf. D.18.246; ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοις Antipho 1.18; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 1.6.26, etc.<br><span class="bld">Ac</span> Relat. and Interrog., [[how]], μερμήριζε . . ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε Il. 2.3, cf. Pl.''R.''365a; ἐβουλεύοντο ὡς . . στήσονται [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.84, etc.; οἷα δεῖ λέγειν καὶ ὥς [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1128a1; <b class="b3">ὡς πέπραται</b> [[how]], i.e. [[at what price]] the goods have been sold, ''PCair.Zen.''149 (iii B. C.); so <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὡς</b> . . (for the more usually [[ὅπως]]) nowise can it be [[that]]... S.''Ant.''750; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὡς οὐ</b>... Id.''Ph.''196 (anap., Porson for <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ου</b>); <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον;</b> by a mixture of constructions for <b class="b3">ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς ποιήσεις</b>, Id.''OT''543, cf. Hermipp.43, Men.916; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς μετεύξει</b> is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 600 ([[μέτευξαι]] Elmsley); similarly, οἶσθα . . ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''75.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς</b> [[however]] ([[in whatever way]]) thou mayest act, Id.''Aj.''1369, cf. Pl.''Smp.''181a; αὐτῷ ὥς κεν ἅδῃ, τὼς ἔσσεται A.R.3.350.<br><span class="bld">Ad</span> Temporal, [[when]], with past tenses of the indic., ἐνῶρτο γέλως... ὡς ἴδον Il.1.600: with opt., to express a repeated action, [[whenever]], ὡς . . ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.17: rarely c. subj., to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον Id.4.172, cf. 1.132; later, <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b> c. subj., [[when]], PCair.Zen.251 (iii B. C.), ''1 Ep.Cor.''11.34, etc.; ὥς κα ''Berl.Sitzb.''1927.170 (Cyrene); <b class="b3">ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν</b> [[as]] soon as .. PCair.Zen.241.1 (iii B. C.), cf. [[LXX]] ''1 Ki.''9.13, ''Jo.''3.8: in orat. obliq. c. inf., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.86, 96, al.: expressed more forcibly by <b class="b3">ὡς . . τάχιστα</b>, some word or words being interposed, <b class="b3">ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα</b> [[as soon as ever]]... Id.1.65; ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχιστα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.3.2: less freq. <b class="b3">ὡς τάχιστα</b> stand together, Aeschin.2.22: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by demonstr., ὡς εἶδ', ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο Il.20.424; ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν 14.294; also ὡς... ἔπειτα 3.396; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ' ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι Κύπριδος Mosch.2.74; the second [[ὣς]] is repeated, ἁ δ' Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ' ἔρωτα Theoc.3.41 ([[ὣς]] = [[εὐθέως]], Sch.vet.), cf. 2.82; in Bion 1.40 the clauses with [[ὡς]] all belong to the protasis.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὡς]] appears to be [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[ἕως]] in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος . . αἴρῃ S.''Ph.''1330, ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶ Id.''Aj.''1117; cf. [[ὥσπερ]] III.1: but in later Gr. = [[ἕως]], [[while]], ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε ''Ev.Jo.''12.35, 36; ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν ''Ep.Gal.''6.10, cf. ''Epigr.Gr.''646a5 (p.529); also [[until]], τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ ''PLeid.X.''89 B.; <b class="b3">ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ</b> ib.37B.; cf. ''EM''824.43 (conversely [[ἕως]] for [[ὡς]] final, v. [[ἕως]] (B) A. 1.4).<br><span class="bld">Ae</span> Local, [[where]], in dialects, Theoc.1.13, 5.101, 103, ''IG''9(2).205.4 (Melitea, iii B. C.), ''SIG''685.63, al. (Cretan, ii B. C.), ''IG''12(1).736.5 (Camirus), ''GDI''5597.8 (Ephesus, iii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">B</span> ὡς as CONJUNCTION:<br><span class="bld">I</span> with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, = [[ὅτι]], [[that]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, = [[ἵνα]], [[ὅπως]], [[so that]], [[in order that]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> Consecutive, = [[ὥστε]], [[so that]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Causal, [[since]], [[because]].<br><span class="bld">I</span> with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc., [[that]], expressing a fact, γνωτὸν... ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ' ἐφῆπται Il.7.402, cf. Od.3.194, etc.: in commands, προεῖπεν ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτο X.''HG''2.1.22: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, c. fut. indic., μηκέτ' ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ' ἀτιμάσει ποτέ S.''El.''1427, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.30; <b class="b3">μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις</b> ib.5.2.12, cf. D.10.36; a sentence beginning with [[ὡς]] is sts., when interrupted, resumed by [[ὅτι]], and vice versa, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.3.30, Pl.''R.''470d, ''Hp.Ma.''281c; so [[ὡς]] with a finite Verb passes into the acc. and inf., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.70, 8.118: both constructions mixed in the same clause, <b class="b3">ἐλογίζετο ὡς . . ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν</b> . . [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.1.25, cf. ''HG''3.4.27: after primary tenses (incl. historic pres.) [[ὡς]] is followed by indic., after historic tenses by opt. (sts. by indic., both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο . . ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη . . ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.168): sometimes c. opt. after a primary tense, κατάπτονται . . λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων . . οὐ φήσειε Id.6.69, cf. 1.70, Th.1.38, Pl.''Chrm.''156b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι Il.23.648; ἄχος ἔλλαβ' Ἀχαιοὺς ὡς ἔπεσ' 16.600.<br><span class="bld">II</span> with Final Clauses, [[that]], [[in order that]]; in this sense [[ὡς]] and <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">ὥς κεν</b>, are used with the subj. after primary tenses of the indic., and with the opt. after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ'... ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται Il.8.37; τύμβον χεύαμεν... ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς . . εἴη Od. 24.83; ἡμεῖς δ' ἴωμεν ὡς, ὁπηνίκ' ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ' ὁρμώμεθα S.''Ph.''464; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον . . ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.7. b. rarely c. fut. indic., <b class="b3">ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε</b> (cj. Cobet for [[ἀπόλεσθε]]) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε Hecat. 30J.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὡς]] is also used with past tenses of the indic. to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, <b class="b3">τί μ' οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε</b> . .; [[so that I]] never [[should]]... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1392; ἔδει τὰ ἐνέχυρα λαβεῖν, ὡς μηδ' εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶν X.''An.'' 7.6.23; cf. [[ἵνα]] B. 1.3, ὅπως B. 1.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] c. inf., to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.95, cf. 2.124; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ</b> ib.53; or <b class="b3">ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν</b>, cf. [[ἔπος]] II.4; <b class="b3">ὡς συντόμως</b>, or <b class="b3">ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν</b> [[to]] speak shortly, [[to]] be brief, X.''Oec.''12.19, ''Mem.''3.8.10; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰκάσαι</b> [[to]] make a guess, i.e. probably, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.34, etc.; ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαι Th.4.36 (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.61), v. supr. Ab. 11.1, 2.<br><span class="bld">III</span> to express Consequence, like [[ὥστε]], [[so that]], freq. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], <b class="b3">εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ</b> in breadth [[such that]] two triremes could sail abreast, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.24; ὑψηλὸν οὕτω... ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι 4.184; so in Trag. and Prose, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''437, al., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''84, X.''An.''3.5.7, etc.; ἀπέχοντας ἀπ' ἀλλάλων ὡς ἦμεν Ϝικατίπεδον ἄντομον ''Tab.Heracl.''1.75; οὕτως . . ὡς ὁμολογεῖν Jul.''Or.''5.164d; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνειν ''PHolm.'' 9.13; also, like [[ὥστε]], with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς . . ἐξέμαθον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.135, cf. S.''Tr.''590, X.''HG''4.1.33.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἢ ὡς</b> after a Comp., μάσσον' ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν Pi.''O.''13.113; μαλακώτεροι . . ἢ ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖς Pl.''R.'' 410d; cf. [[ὥστε]] B. 1.2: with words implying comparison, <b class="b3">ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν</b> too few [[to]]... [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.15, <b class="b3">γραῦς εἶ, ὦ Ἐλπινίκη, ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα</b> too old [[to]] . . Stesimbr. 5J.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, <b class="b3">οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας</b> so strong, you could hardly break them, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.12; ῥώμη σώματος τοιήδε, ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀμφότεροι ἦσαν Id.1.31.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Causal, [[inasmuch as]], [[since]], τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνον; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω S.''Ph.''914, cf. E.''Ph.''843, 1077, Ar.''Ra.''278: c. opt., μὴ καὶ λάθῃ με προσπεσών· ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτο μ' ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν S.''Ph.''46.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[on the ground that]]... c. fut. indic., Lys.30.27.<br><span class="bld">C</span> ὡς before<br><span class="bld">I</span> Participles;<br><span class="bld">II</span> Prepositions; and<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[ὡς]] itself as a Preposition.<br><span class="bld">I</span> with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action, [[as if]], [[as]], ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς Il.23.430 (v. infr. G); <b class="b3">ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι</b>), Pl.''R.''329a: most freq. c. part. fut., διαβαίνει... ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.28, cf. 91; παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς πολεμήσοντες Th.2.7, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέον S.''Ant.'' 242; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνί [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''325 (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενος; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]''311b; ὡς τί δὴ θέλων; E.''IT''557; with vbs. of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον . . ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.91; <b class="b3">ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι</b> . . S.''Ant.''1063.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Participles in oblique cases, <b class="b3">λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας</b> they speak of us [[as]] dead, A.''Ag.''672; ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ' ἴσθι μ' ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς S.''Ph.''253; τὸν ἐκβαίνοντα κολάζουσιν ὡς παρανομοῦντα Pl.''R.''338e; ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῇ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοντος Id.''Phd.''115e, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.85, 9.54; νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ' ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις Lys.12.32; κτύπος φωτὸς ὡς τειρομένου S.''Ph.''202 (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ</b> made light of the matter, [[in the belief that]]... Th.4.5.—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''114e, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.5.9.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Parts. put abs. in gen., νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.144; [[ἐρώτα]] ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.1.9; ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων τῶνδ' ἐπίστασθαί σε χρή [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''281, cf. 904, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''760, [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 1311, Th.7.15, X.''An.''1.3.6: so also in acc., μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν Pl.''R.''345e, cf. E.''Ph.''1461: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ . . διαπεπολεμησόμενον Th.7.25, cf. Pl.''R.''604b.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[ὡς]] before Preps., <b class="b3">ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[-ίᾳ]]) Th.1.48, cf. X. ''HG''2.1.22; φρύγανα συλλέγοντες ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ Id.''An.''4.3.11; <b class="b3">κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι</b>, expressing the purpose, Th.1.126; ἀπέπλεον . . ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας Id.6.61; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον S.''Ph.''58; τὸ βούλευμ' ὡς ἐπ' Ἀργείοις τόδ' ἦν Id.''Aj.''44: in these passages [[ὡς]] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ' ἐμοῦ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.28; also ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς Pl.''R.'' 327c; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.101.<br><span class="bld">b</span> later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν Str.9.5.8, cf. 13.1.22; ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπων Id.8.6.1, cf. 7.6.2; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν</b> (leg. [[Ἡραίαν]]) ἰόντων Id.8.3.32.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[ὡς]] as a Prep., prop. in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in Hom., ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον Od.17.218 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον]], cf. [[αἶνος]] Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός . . ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει Call.''Aet.''1.1.10; <b class="b3">ἔρχεται . . ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ</b>. (with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐς]]) Hp.''Nat.Puer.''17), but possibly <b class="b3">ὡς . . ὥς</b> as . . so, in Od. [[l.c.]]; also in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], ἐσελθεῖν ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα 2.121.έ: freq. in Att., ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο Th.8.5, etc.; ἀφίκετο ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Χαλκιδικήν Id.4.79; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν . . ὡς Ἀστύοχον Id.8.31; <b class="b3">ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν</b> ib.39; ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότην Isoc. 4.121; the examples of [[ὡς]] with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον Th.8.36cit> (ἐς cod. Vat.); <b class="b3">ὡς Ἄβυδον</b> one Ms. in Id.8.103; ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''242: in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1481 <b class="b3">ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς . . τὰς ἐμὰς χέρας</b> is equiv. to <b class="b3">ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφόν;</b> in Id.''Tr.''366 <b class="b3">δόμους ὡς τούσδε</b> house = household.<br><span class="bld">D</span> ὡς in independent sentences:<br><span class="bld">I</span> as an exclamation, [[how]], mostly with Advbs. and Adjs., <b class="b3">ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες</b> [[how]] silly a heart hadst thou! Il.21.441; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι</b> [[how]] good is it... Od.3.196, cf. 24.194; φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''316; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος</b> [[how]] charming he is! [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''116d; ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε [[LXX]] ''Ps.''91(92).6, 103(104).24; in indirect clauses, <b class="b3">ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως . . ἀπεδέξατο</b> marvelled [[at seeing how]]... Pl. ''Phd.''89a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs, <b class="b3">ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί</b> [[how]] constantly... Il.19.290, cf. 21.273; <b class="b3">ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ' εὐεργέων</b> [[how]] little thanks remain! Od.22.319; <b class="b3">ὡς ὄχλος νιν . . ἀμφέπει</b> [[see how]]... E.''Ph.''148; <b class="b3">ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου</b> [[how greatly]]... S.''Ant.''82; so perhaps ὡς οἰμώξεται Ar.''Ra.''279; ὡς ἅπανθ' ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστι Id.''V.''488 (troch.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> to mark a wish, oh that! c. opt. alone, ὡς ἔρις . . ἀπόλοιτο Il.18.107; ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος Od.1.47, cf. S.''El.''126 (lyr.); also <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b> or κε with opt., ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι Il.9.444; ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι 6.281.<br><span class="bld">2</span> joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι 3.428; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν Od.11.548.<br><span class="bld">E</span> ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, [[as it were]], [[about]], [[nearly]], σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι X.''An.''3.3.5; also <b class="b3">ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ</b> [[about]] five (v. [[μάλα]] III.5), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.30:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας . . ὡς τριλάγυνον Stesich.7; <b class="b3">παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης</b> of [[some]] seven years, Pl. ''Grg.''471c; δρέπανα ὡς διπήχη [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.30, cf. ''An.''5.4.12; cf. [[ὡσεί]] ''III''.<br><span class="bld">F</span> ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases:<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὡς τί δὴ τόδε</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[γένηται]]); to what end? [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''796 (troch.); cf. [[ἵνα]] B.11.3c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[know that]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἴσθι]]), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''39; ὡς τοῦτό γ' ἔρξας δύο φέρει δωρήματα Id.''Ph.''117; ὡς τῆσδ' ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Hecuba|Hec.]]''400, cf. ''Med.''609, ''Ph.''720; <b class="b3">ὡς τάχ' οὐκέθ' αἱματηρὸν . . ἀργήσει ξίφος</b> ib.625 (troch.); so in Com., ὡς ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα Ar.''Lys.''32, cf. 499 (anap.), ''Ach.'' 333 (troch.), ''Nu.''209; also ἀλλ' ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους πάρεστιν ἄγγελος οὐδείς Id.''Av.''1119.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι</b>, each [[severally]] (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο . . Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ' ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ Th.5.57, cf. 1.107, 113; <b class="b3">πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη]</b> ([[ξ]]. secl. Krüger: <b class="b3">ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη</b> Sch.l.c.) Id.1.98; <b class="b3">ἄλλοι τε παριόντες ἐγκλήματα ἐποιοῦντο ὡς ἕκαστοι</b> ib.67, cf. 7.65; <b class="b3">χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο</b>, i.e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, Id.2.21; <b class="b3">τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν</b> they made fast to the rest [[wherever each]] (ship) had been run ashore, Id.7.74; <b class="b3">οἱ δ' οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν . . ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν</b> the [[various peoples]] that were later called by the common name of Greeks, Id.1.3; ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.114; <b class="b3">ὡς ἑκάστην</b> ([[one by one]]) [[αἱρέοντες]] (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τὰς νήσους</b>) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Id.6.31, cf. 79; ὡς ἑκασταχόσε D.C.41.9, al.; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.29, cf. Th.6.2: later [[ὡς]] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως ''Ep.Rom.''12.3:—for the etymology v. infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι Th.3.74 (v. infr. H).<br><span class="bld">G</span> ὡς pleonast. in ὡς ὅτι D.H. 9.14, ''2 Ep.Cor.''11.21, Sch.A Il.1.264, 129, 396, 3.280, ''AP''9.530, dub.l. in Str.15.1.57.<br><span class="bld">H</span> Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: (''1'') [[ὡς]] '[[as]]' is the Adv. fr. the Relat. [[ὅς]] (I.-E. stem yo-); with <b class="b3">ὡς βέλτιστος</b> cf. Skt. yācchrēṣṭáḥ 'the [[best]] [[possible]]': (2) [[ὧς]] '[[thus]]' is the Adv. of a Demonstr. stem so- found in Skt. sa, Gr. ὁ, Lat. [[sō-c]] (Gloss. = ita, cf. Umbr. [[esoc]]); (3) [[ὡς]] postpositive (<b class="b3">ὄρνιθες ὥς</b>, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed [[syllable]] long in Hom., and must therefore have been ϝως; it may perhaps be related to Skt. vā, a form of [[va]], [[iva]] ( = (''1'') [[or]] (2) [[like]]), Lat. [[ve]], Gr. <b class="b3">ἦ[ϝ] ε;</b> (4) [[ὡς]] prep. '[[to]]' is of doubtful origin (perhaps fr. <b class="b3">*ὠς</b>, cogn. with Lat. [[ōs]] 'face', Skt. ās: <b class="b3">ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν</b> like τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο [[πένθος]];); (5) [[ὡς]] F.3 is prob. <b class="b3">ϝως,</b> Adv. of [[ϝός]] the reflexive Adj., and means lit. in his (their) own way (or [[place]]); it is idiomatically placed before [[ἕκαστος]] ([[ἑκάτερος]]), cf. [[ϝὸν]] ϝεκάτερος ''Leg.Gort.''1.18.