ψυχή: Difference between revisions

{{Thayer

|txtha=ψυχῆς, ἡ ([[ψύχω]], to [[breathe]], [[blow]]), from [[Homer]] [[down]], the Sept. times [[too]] [[many]] to [[count]] for נֶפֶשׁ, [[occasionally]] [[also]] for לֵב and לֵבָב;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[breath]] (Latin anima), i. e.<br /><b class="num">a.</b> the [[breath]] of [[life]]; the [[vital]] [[force]] [[which]] animates the [[body]] and shows itself in [[breathing]]: ἐπιστραφήτω [[ψυχή]] [[τοῦ]] παιδαρίου, ἡ [[ψυχή]]; is [[distinguished]] from τό [[πνεῦμα]] ([[see]] πνευαμ, 2, p. 520a (and references [[under]] the [[word]] [[πνεῦμα]] 5)), [[life]]: μέριμναν τῇ [[ψυχή]], [[τήν]] ψυχήν ἀγαπᾶν, μισεῖν, τιθέναι, παραδιδόναι, διδόναι ([[λύτρον]], [[which]] [[see]]), ζητεῖν [[τήν]] ψυχήν τίνος ([[see]] [[ζητέω]], 1a.), εὑρίσκειν, σῴζειν, ἀπολλύναι [[τήν]] ψυχήν [[αὐτοῦ]], etc., [[designate]] as [[ψυχή]] in [[one]] of the antithetic members the [[life]] [[which]] is lived on [[earth]], in the [[other]], the ([[blessed]]) [[life]] in the [[eternal]] [[kingdom]] of God: R. V. [[soul]])): [[περιποίησις]] ψυχῆς, [[κτᾶσθαι]] τάς ψυχάς, [[ὑπέρ]] [[τῶν]] ψυχῶν ([[here]] A. V. ([[not]] R. V.) for [[you]]; cf.<br /><b class="num">c.</b> [[below]]), [[that]] in [[which]] [[there]] is [[life]]; a [[living]] [[being]]: [[ψυχή]] ζῶσα, a [[living]] [[soul]], R Tr marginal [[reading]]) ([[πᾶσα]] [[ψυχή]] ζωῆς, G L T Tr [[text]] WH) ([[πᾶσα]] [[ψυχή]], [[every]] [[soul]], i. e. everyone, כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ, ἀνθρώπου added, [[every]] [[soul]] of [[man]] (אָדָם נֶפֶשׁ, ψυχαί, souls ([[like]] the Latin capita) i. e. persons (in enumerations; cf. German Seelenzahl): Passow, [[under]] the [[word]], 2, vol. ii, p. 2590b) are of a [[different]] [[sort]] ([[yet]] cf. Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]], II:2)); ψυχαί ἀνθρώπων of slaves (A. V. souls of men (R. V. [[with]] marginal [[reading]] 'Or lives')), [[σῶμα]], 1c. (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 22,7 N. 3)).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[soul]] (Latin [[animus]]), a. the [[seat]] of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions ([[our]] [[soul]], [[heart]], etc. (R. V. [[almost]] [[uniformly]] [[soul]]); for examples from Greek writings [[see]] Passow, [[under]] the [[word]], 2, vol. ii., p. 2589b; (Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]], II:3); [[Hebrew]] נֶפֶשׁ, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus ii, p. 901in 3): [[αἴρω]], 1b.); ἡ [[ἐπιθυμία]] τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς εὑρίσκειν, [[ψυχή]], ... ἀναπαύου, φάγε, [[πίε]] (WH brackets these [[three]] imperatives), εὐφραίνου (personification and [[direct]] [[address]]), ἡ [[ψυχή]] ἀναπαύσεται, [[Xenophon]], Cyril 6,2, 28; ἐυφραίνειν [[τήν]] ψυχήν, Aelian v. h. 1,32); εὐδοκεῖ ἡ [[ψυχή]] μου (anthropopathically, of God), [[περίλυπος]] ἐστιν ἡ [[ψυχή]] μου, ἡ [[ψυχή]] μου τετάρακται, ταῖς ψυχαῖς [[ὑμῶν]] ἀκλυόμενοι (fainting in [[your]] souls (cf. [[ἐκλύω]], 2b.)), ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ [[ψυχή]] [[σου]], [[with]] [[all]] [[thy]] [[soul]], L [[text]] T Tr WH); ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς [[σου]] (Latin ex toto animo), [[with]] ([[literally]], from (cf. ἐκ, II:12b.)) [[all]] [[thy]] [[soul]], T WH [[omit]]; L Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets the [[phrase]]); R G) ([[Epictetus]] diss. 3,22, 18 (cf. [[Xenophon]], anab. 7,7, 43)); Antoninus 3,4; ([[especially]] 4,31; 12,29); ὅλῃ τῇ [[ψυχή]] φροντίζειν τίνος ([[rather]], [[with]] κεχαρισθαι), [[Xenophon]], mem. 3,11, 10); [[μία]] [[ψυχή]], [[with]] [[one]] [[soul]] (cf. [[πνεῦμα]], 2, p. 520a [[bottom]]), [[τοῦ]] πλήθους ... ἦν ἡ [[καρδία]] [[καί]] ἡ [[ψυχή]] [[μία]], ἐρωτηθεις τί ἐστι [[φίλος]], ἔφη. [[μία]] [[ψυχή]] [[δύο]] σώμασιν ἐνοικουσα, ([[Diogenes]] Laërtius 5,20 (cf. [[Aristotle]], eth. Nic. 9,8, 2, p. 1168b, 7; on the elliptical [[ἀπό]] μιᾶς ([[namely]], ψυχῆς?), [[see]] [[ἀπό]], III.)); ἐκ ψυχῆς, from the [[heart]], [[heartily]] (Tr WH [[with]] ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς [[often]] in [[Xenophon]]; τό ἐκ ψυχῆς [[πένθος]], Josephus, Antiquities 17,6, 5).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> "the ([[human]]) [[soul]] in so [[far]] as it is so constituted [[that]] by the [[right]] [[use]] of the aids offered it by God it [[can]] [[attain]] its [[highest]] [[end]] and [[secure]] [[eternal]] [[blessedness]], the [[soul]] regarded as a [[moral]] [[being]] designed for [[everlasting]] [[life]]": ἀγρύπνειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[τῶν]] ψυχῶν, ἐπιθυμίαι, αἵτινες στρατεύονται [[κατά]] τῆς ψυχῆς, [[ἐπίσκοπος]] [[τῶν]] ψυχῶν, σῴζειν τάς ψυχάς, ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, from [[eternal]] [[death]], [[σωτηρία]] ψυχῶν, ἁγνίζειν τάς ψυχάς ἑαυτῶν, τάς ψυχάς πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατίθεσθαι, the [[soul]] as an [[essence]] [[which]] differs from the [[body]] and is [[not]] dissolved by [[death]] ([[distinguished]] from τό [[σῶμα]], as the [[other]] [[part]] of [[human]] [[nature]] (so in Greek writings from Isocrates and [[Xenophon]] [[down]]; cf. examples in Passow, [[under]] the [[word]], p. 2589{a} [[bottom]]; Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]], II:2)): [[ἀθάνατος]], [[Herodotus]] 2,123; [[Plato]] Phaedr., p. 245c., 246a., others; [[ἄφθαρτος]], Josephus, b. j. 2,8, 14; διαλυθῆναι [[τήν]] ψυχήν [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] σώματος, [[Epictetus]] diss. 3,10, 14); the [[soul]] freed from the [[body]], a [[disembodied]] [[soul]], [[Homer]], [[under]] the [[word]], 3, and references at the [[end]], [[also]] Proudfit in Bib. Sacr. for 1858, pp. 753-805)).

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