Ζεύς: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Other forms: Boeot. Lac. etc. <b class="b3">Δεύς</b>, voc. <b class="b3">Ζεῦ</b>, gen. <b class="b3">Δι(Ϝ)ός</b>, dat. (loc.) <b class="b3">Δι(Ϝ)ί</b>, dat. also <b class="b3">ΔιϜεί</b> (e. g. <b class="b3">ΔιϜεί-φιλος</b>; ), acc. <b class="b3">Ζῆν</b>, since Hom. also <b class="b3">Δί-α</b>, <b class="b3">Ζῆν-α</b> with <b class="b3">Ζην-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-ί</b>; nom. <b class="b3">Ζήν</b> (A. Supp. 162 [lyr.]; or voc.?), <b class="b3">Ζάν</b> (Pythag., Ar.), <b class="b3">Ζάς</b> (Pherec. Syr.), gen. <b class="b3">Ζανός</b> (inscr. Chios IVa [? ] a. o.); note <b class="b3">Δᾶν</b> (Theocr. 4, 17); more forms in Schwyzer 576f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. and the dict.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. dat. <b class="b2">diwe \/diwei\/</b><br />Compounds: As 1. member in univerbations like <b class="b3">Διόσ-κουροι</b> (gen.; also <b class="b3">Διεσ-κουρίδου</b> [Priene a. o.]), <b class="b3">ΔιϜεί-φιλος</b> (dat.), stemform e. g. in <b class="b3">διο-γενής</b>; also <b class="b3">Ζηνό-δοτος</b> (for <b class="b3">Διόσ-δοτος</b>) a. o.; as 2. member in [[ἔνδιος]], [[εὑδία]], s. vv.; cf. also [[αὑτόδιον]].<br />Derivatives: [[δῖος]], s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [184] <b class="b2">*dieu-</b> [[Zeus]]<br />Etymology: Ols name of heaven, of the god of heaven, of the day, preserved esp. in Sanskrit, Greek and Italic, and prob. in Hittite, with several related forms: <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">dyáuḥ</b> <b class="b2">(god of) heaven, day</b>, Lat. [[Iovis]] and pob. in <b class="b2">nu-diūs tertius</b> <b class="b2">(it is) now the third day</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">the day before yesterday</b>, IE <b class="b2">*d(i)i̯ēus</b>; also Hitt. <b class="b2">*šiuš</b>, <b class="b2">šiun(i</b>)- [[god]]; <b class="b3">Ζεῦ πάτερ</b> = Lat. [[Iūpiter]], <b class="b3">Ζῆν</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">dyā́m</b>, Lat. [[diem]] (with new nom. [[diēs]], [[Diēspiter]]; cf. also Illyr. <b class="b3">Δειπάτυρος</b>); the other oblique cases, <b class="b3">ΔιϜ-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-εί</b>, <b class="b3">-ί</b>, <b class="b3">Δία</b> agree with Skt. <b class="b2">diváḥ</b>, <b class="b2">divé</b>, <b class="b2">diví</b>, <b class="b2">dívam</b> (partly parallell innovations). New in Greek are <b class="b3">Ζῆν-α</b> (after <b class="b3">Δί-α</b>) with <b class="b3">Ζηνός</b>, <b class="b3">-ί</b>, which contains the old acc. <b class="b2">*Di̯e(u)m</b> with early loss of the <b class="b2">u̯</b> seen also in Skt. [[Dyam]]; not to IE <b class="b2">*din-</b> [[day]] in Lat. <b class="b2">nun-dinae</b> <b class="b2">market-day</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">madhyán-dinam</b> [[midday]] a. o. (after Kretschmer Glotta 14, 303f. also <b class="b3">Τιν-δαρίδαι</b> and 30, 93ff). - The <b class="b3">α</b> in <b class="b3">Ζάς</b>, <b class="b3">Ζάν</b>, <b class="b3">Ζανός</b> was spread from Elean Olympia, where <b class="b3">η</b> became <b class="b3">α</b>, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 288ff. (after Kretschmer Glotta 17, 197) and Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 373. - It is generally assumed that IE <b class="b2">*d(i)i̯ēus</b> is an agent noon of the verb seen in Skt. <b class="b2">dī́-de-ti</b> [[shine]], gr. [[δέατο]] (s. v.) meaning [[shine]], [[glow]], [[light]]; <b class="b2">*d(i)i̯ēus</b> prop. "the shining, gleaming". Objections in Wackernagel BerlAkSb. 1918, 396ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 315ff.), Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 391. Beside <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b> etc. there is an old appellative for [[god]] in Skt. <b class="b2">deváḥ</b> = Lat. [[deus]] = Lith. <b class="b2">diẽvas</b> a. o., IE <b class="b2">*deiu̯os</b>; prop. "the heavenly, caelestis" as deriv. from the noun for [[heaven]]. - Except Bq see W.-Hofmann s. [[diēs]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">diẽvas</b>, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 219ff., Mayrhofer EWAia. s. <b class="b2">dyáuh</b>, Benveniste Origines 59f, 166. (Cf. also <b class="b3">Τινδαρίδαι</b>).

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