πέντε: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: numer.<br />Meaning: [[five]].<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">πέμπε</b>, Pamph. <b class="b3">πέ(ν)δε</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member beside <b class="b3">πεντε-</b>, <b class="b3">πεμπε-</b> mostly <b class="b3">πεντα-</b> (Il.,; after <b class="b3">ἑπτα-</b>, <b class="b3">δεκα-</b>, <b class="b3">τετρα-</b> etc.); on <b class="b3">πεντή-κοντα</b> s. bel.<br />Derivatives: From it the ordinal <b class="b3">πέμπτος</b>, Arc. <b class="b3">πέμποτος</b> (after <b class="b3">δέκοτος</b>), Gortyn. <b class="b3">πέντος</b>, with <b class="b3">πεμπταῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the fifth (day), happening on the fifth (day)</b> (ξ 257); the adv. <b class="b3">πεντάκις</b> (Pi.) beside <b class="b3">πενπάκι</b> (Sparta; Kretschmer Glotta 3, 305), <b class="b3">πεμπτάκις</b> (D.S.); the collective <b class="b3">πεμπάς</b> f. [[quintet]] (Pl., X.) beside <b class="b3">πεμπτάς</b> (? Pl. Phd. 104a), <b class="b3">πεντάς</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">πεντάδ-ιον</b> n. [[quintet]] (pap. II-IIIp), <b class="b3">πεμπαδ-ικός</b> [[fivefold]] (Dam.). Adv. <b class="b3">πέντα-χα</b> (Μ 87), <b class="b3">-χοῦ</b>, <b class="b3">-χῃ̃</b>, <b class="b3">-χῶς</b>; adj. <b class="b3">πενταξός</b> [[fivefold]] (Arist.; <b class="b3">διξός</b>); subst. <b class="b3">πεντάχα ἡ χείρ</b> H. (cf. NGr. Lac. <b class="b3">πεντόχτη</b> [[hand]], <b class="b3">Κουκσυλές Ἀρχ</b>. 27, 61 ff.). Denom. verb, prob. from <b class="b3">πεμπάς</b> (Schwyzer 734 w. n 4): <b class="b3">πεμπάζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> <b class="b2">to count (by the five, with the five fingers)</b> (δ 412, A.), <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> πέντε <b class="b2">count over, to calculate, to think over</b> (Pl., Plu.) with <b class="b3">πεμ-παστάς</b> m. (Dor.) <b class="b2">the counting one</b> (A. in lyr.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 33 ff.). -- From <b class="b3">πεντήκοντα</b>: <b class="b3">πεντηκοσ-τύς</b> f. <b class="b2">body of fifty</b>, part of a Spart. <b class="b3">λόχος</b> (Th., X.) with <b class="b3">πεντηκοστήρ</b>, sec. <b class="b3">-κοντήρ</b> m. <b class="b2">commander of a πεντηκοστύς</b> (Cos, Th., X., Att. inscr.; Schwyzer 597 a. 531, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 201, Benveniste Noms d'ag. 74).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [409] <b class="b2">*penkʷe</b> [[five]]<br />Etymology: Non-Aeol. <b class="b3">πέντε</b>, from where Pamph. <b class="b3">πέ(ν)δε</b> with weakening of the voiceless cons. after the (disappearing) nasal, Aeol. <b class="b3">πέμπε</b> and the other words for [[five]], e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">páñca</b>, Lat. [[quīnque]], Lith. <b class="b2">penkì</b>, Goth. [[fimf]], go all back on IE <b class="b2">*pénkʷe</b>. Beside it <b class="b3">πέμπτος</b> (second. <b class="b3">πέντος</b>; phonetic. or after <b class="b3">πέντε</b>) like Lat. [[quīntus]], Lith. <b class="b2">peñktas</b>, Goth. [[fimfta]] from <b class="b2">*penkʷtos</b>. Both in <b class="b3">πέμπτος</b> and in <b class="b3">πεμπάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άζομαι</b> the <b class="b3">π</b> befor <b class="b3">τ</b> and <b class="b3">α</b> continues directly the labio-velar. The lengthening in <b class="b3">πεντή-κοντα</b> (PGr. <b class="b3">η</b>) appears not only in Skt. <b class="b2">pañcā-śát-</b> f., but also in Arm. <b class="b2">yi-sun</b> ([[i]] from IE [[ē]]); parallel with it Lat. <b class="b2">quinquā-gintā</b> (after <b class="b2">quadrā-gintā</b>?). -- Further on the Greek forms in Schwyzer 590, 592, 596, 598 and Sommer Zum Zahlwort 15 a. 19f.; on the other languages WP. 2, 25f., Pok. 808, W.-Hofmann s. [[quīnque]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">páñca</b> etc.; all w. rich lit.

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