πιέζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=impf. [[ἐπίεζον]], Ep. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> πίεζον <span class="bibl">Od.12.174</span>, etc.: fut. [[πιέσω]] <span class="bibl">Diph.18.3</span>; Ep. πιέσσω <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>4.146</span>: aor. ἐπίεσα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.63</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>, etc. (but subj. πιέξῃς <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>, inf. πιέξαι <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).123.116 (Epid., iv B.C.), part. [[πιέξας]] (v.l. [[πιάξας]]) <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>224</span>): pf. πεπίεκα Demetr.Lac. <span class="title">Herc.</span>1012.44 :—Pass., fut. πιεσθήσομαι Gal.11.317 (δια-), Heliod ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.10.18.15</span>: aor. ἐπιέσθην <span class="bibl">Od.8.336</span>, <span class="bibl">Sol.13.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.11</span>, etc.; ἐπιέχθην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>, etc.: pf. πεπίεσμαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>392b33</span>, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.49</span>, cj. in <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.55</span>. etc.; πεπίεγμαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>.—From πῐεζέω we have [[πιεζέουσι]] v.l. in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fract.</span>31</span> : impf. [[πιέζευν]] v.l. in <span class="bibl">Od.12.174</span>, <span class="bibl">196</span>; part. πιεζεῦντα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fract.</span>9</span>, πιεζεῦσαν <span class="bibl">Herod.8.47</span> :—Pass., part. [[πιεζεύμενος]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.146</span>, <span class="bibl">6.108</span>, <span class="bibl">8.142</span> (always with v.l. [[πιεζόμενος]]), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>21</span>, πιεζούμενος <span class="bibl">Plb.3.74.2</span>; imper. πιεζείσθω <span class="title">IG</span>4.364.7 (Corinth, iv A.D.): impf. ἐπιεζοῦντο <span class="bibl">Plb.11.33.3</span>; so in later Gr., as <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Thes.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alc.</span>2</span>, etc.; Dor., Aeol., and later Gr. πῐάζω <span class="bibl">Alcm.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.148</span>: aor. 1 ἐπίᾰσα <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ca.</span>2.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>8.20</span>; ἐπίαξα <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.35</span>, ([[ἀμφ]]-) [[Ep.]].<span class="bibl">6</span>: Pass., fut. πιασθήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Si.</span>23.21</span> : aor. ἐπιάσθην <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>19.20</span> : pf. πεπίασμαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>812</span> (i B. C.), Dsc.1.15, <span class="title">Hippiatr.</span>34 :—[[press tight]], [[squeeze]], χειρὶ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα <span class="bibl">Il.16.510</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>497</span>; [[ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε π]]. <span class="bibl">Od.4.419</span>; μ' ἐν δεσμοῖσι δέον μᾶλλόν τε πίεζον <span class="bibl">12.196</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">164</span>; [[π. τὰ χείλεα]] [[compress]] them, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; [[ῥύγχος εἰς ὄξος πιέζων]] <span class="bibl">Axionic.8.5</span> ; πιέζω τοὺς ὑπευθύνους = squeezing them (like figs), to try if they are ripe, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>259</span> ; σφόδρα πιέζω αὐτοῦ τὸν πόδα <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>117e</span> ; πιέζω [τὴν δεξιὰν] ἐμπαθῶς <span class="bibl">Plb.31.24.9</span> : abs., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1361b17</span> :—Pass., to [[be pressed tight]], ἐν δεσμοῖς <span class="bibl">Od.8.336</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>25</span>, al.; of wrestlers, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2</span>; [[πιέζεται ὅσα πόρους ἔχει κενούς]] = are [[compressible]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>386b1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[press down]] or [[weigh down]], of a heavy weight, Σικελία αὐτοῦ πιέζω στέρνα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1032</span> :—and in Pass., ὁ δ' ὦμος… πιέζεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.11</span> : metaph., [[oppress]], [[distress]], π. τινὰ ἡ δαπάνη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.35</span> ; λιμός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 250</span> ; καὶ πρὸς π. χρημάτων ἀχηνία (Abresch for [[προσπιέζει]]) ib.<span class="bibl">301</span> ; [[συμφορὰ δ'ἑτέρους ἑτέρα π]]. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>894</span> (lyr.); αὐχμὸς π. τὰς ἀμπέλους <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>1120</span> ; [[πιέζει με ἡ ἀνάγκη]] ib.<span class="bibl">437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span> :—freq. in Pass., ὑπὸ νούσοισι <span class="bibl">Sol.13.37</span> ; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span> ; πολέμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">6.34</span> ; τῇ νούσῳ Pherecyd. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.1.122</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.47</span> ; ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς <span class="bibl">Lys.28.3</span>; ταῖς συμφοραῖς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.20</span>; σπάνει σίτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.56</span>, etc.: abs., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.121</span>, etc.; of a river, to [[be exhausted]] from the heat of the sun, <span class="bibl">Id.2.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[press hard]], of a victorious army, τοὺς ἐναντίους <span class="bibl">Id.9.63</span> :—Pass., [[τὴν πιεζομένην μάλιστα τῶν μοιρέων]] ib.<span class="bibl">60</span>; εἴ πῃ πιέζοιντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.34</span> ; [[ὑπό τινων]] ib.<span class="bibl">7.1.43</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[bear hardly upon]], τινα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>409a</span>; τῷ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>6</span>; ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων πιέζεσθαι Phld.<span class="title">D.</span>3.8; of a point in the argument, [[hold fast to]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>965d</span>; [[press]] it, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.21.3</span>, Demetr.Lac. l.c., etc.; [[lay stress on]], Plu.2.31e: c. dat., [[insist upon]], τοῖσι περιπάτοισι Hp.<span class="title">Insomn.</span>88. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[determine precisely]], ἀποστήματα <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">49</span> (Pass.); π. δεῖ πῶς ἓν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἕτερον <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[repress]], [[stifle]], ἐν θυμῷ χόλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.37</span>; τὸν τῦφον <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[outweigh]], τἀγαθῷ τὸ δυστυχές <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>637</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>249</span> (s. v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> later, [[lay hold of]], ταῦρον… πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς, [[by]] the [[hoof]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.35</span>; αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>3.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.30</span>, etc.</span>

|sltr=<b>πῐέζω</b> <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[press]] [[upon]] [[Σικελία]] τ' [[αὐτοῦ]] πιέζει στέρνα λαχνάεντα (P. 1.19) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> met.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>I</b> [[suppress]] (feelings) ἐν θυμῷ πιέσαις χόλον οὐ φατὸν ὀξείᾳ μελέτᾳ (O. 6.37) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>II</b> [[affect]], be a [[burden]] to τὸ γὰρ οἰκεῖον πιέζει πάνθ' [[ὁμῶς]]· εὐθὺς δ [[ἀπήμων]] [[κραδία]] [[κᾶδος]] ἀμφ ἀλλότριον (N. 1.53)

|lsmtext='''πιέζω:''' παρατ. <i>ἐπίεζον</i>, Επικ. <i>πίεζον</i>· μέλ. <i>πιέσω</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπίεσα</i> — Παθ., αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπιέσθην</i>, παρακ. [[πεπίεσμαι]] ή <i>πεπίεγμαι</i>, σε Ομήρ. Οδ., παρατ. <i>πιέζειν</i> αντί <i>ἐπιέζουν</i> (από το [[πιεζέω]]), και Παθ. μτχ. <i>πιεζεύμενος</i>, σε Ηρόδ.· [[άλλος]] Δωρ. και μεταγεν. Αττ. [[τύπος]] είναι το [[πιάζω]]· αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπίασα</i> ή <i>ἐπίαξα</i>, Παθ. αόρ. αʹ <i>ἐπιάσθην</i>·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[πιέζω]], [[ζουλώ]], [[πιέζω]] [[σφιχτά]], σε Όμηρ., Αττ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> [[πιέζω]] ή [[λυγίζω]] εξαιτίας του μεγάλου βάρους, σε Πίνδ., Αριστοφ.· μεταφ., [[καταπιέζω]], [[καταθλίβω]], [[στενοχωρώ]], σε Ηρόδ., Αισχύλ. κ.λπ. — Παθ., [[υποφέρω]] φοβερά, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[πιέζω]] σκληρά, λέγεται για νικηφόρο [[στράτευμα]], Λατ. [[premo]], <i>τοὺς ἐναντίους</i>, σε Ηρόδ. — Παθ., <i>εἴ πῃ πιέζοιντο</i>, σε Θουκ.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[καταστέλλω]], [[καταπνίγω]], σε Πίνδ.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> [[έπειτα]], [[λαμβάνω]], [[πιάνω]], ταῦρον πιάξας [[τᾶς]] ὁπλᾶς, από την [[οπλή]], σε Θεόκρ.· <i>αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός</i>, σε Καινή Διαθήκη

|elnltext=πῐέζω [ἐπί?, ἕζω?] praes. later πιάζω, Dor. en Aeol. πιέσδω, ptc. later ook πιεζῶν\n -οῦντος, Ion. acc. πιεζεῦντα, med. ook πιεζούμενος, Ion. πιεζεύμενος, ep. imperf. πίεζον; aor. later ἐπίασα, Ion. ἐπίεξα, Dor. ptc. πιάξας, Ion. pass. ἐπιέχθην, later\n ἐπιάσθην; Ion. perf. med.-pass. πεπίεγμαι drukken (op), persen, knijpen (in):; πλείοισί μ ’ ἐν δεσμοῖσι δέον μᾶλλον τε πίεζον zij bonden mij met nog meer boeien en beknelden mij nog meer Od. 12.196; π. τὰ χείλεα de lippen samenpersen Hp. VM 22; π. τοὺς ὑπευθύνους σκοπῶν ὅστις αὐτῶν ὠμός ἐστιν ἢ πέπων in de ambtenaren knijpen om te zien wie van hen rauw is en wie rijp Aristoph. Eq. 259; Σικελία τ ’ αὐτοῦ πιέζει στέρνα λαχνάεντα en Sicilië drukt op zijn harige borst Pind. P. 1.19; ὁ δ ’ ὦμος... πιέζεται mijn schouder wordt afgeknepen Aristoph. Ran. 30; dubbelz.. τοῦ ποδὸς τὸ δακτυλίδιον πιέζει τὸ ζυγόν het riempje drukt op haar teentje Aristoph. Lys. 417; πιέζομαι ik moet ‘drukken’ Aristoph. Ran. 3. uitbr. vastpakken:; ταῦρον... πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς de stier bij de hoeνen grijpend Theocr. Id. 4.35; later arresteren. NT Io. 7.30. overdr. beknellen, in het nauw brengen:; τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐπίεσαν zij brachten de tegenstanders in het nauw Hdt. 9.63.1; ἐπίεσε δ ’ αὐτούς... καὶ ἡ ξυγκομιδὴ ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐς τὸ ἄστυ ook de verhuizing van het platteland naar de stad drukte zwaar op hen Thuc. 2.52.1; ὁρῶντες τοὺς Κερκυραίους πιεζομένους toen ze zagen dat de Kerkyraeërs in het nauw kwamen Thuc. 1.49.7; ἡ... ἀνάγκη με πιέζει de noodzaak dwingt me Aristoph. Nub. 437; kwellen:. πιέζει λιμός honger kwelt (hen) Aeschl. Ch. 250; ἐπιέζοντο... ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ ze werden geteisterd door de hongersnood Thuc. 1.126.10; συμφορὰ δ ’ ἑτέρους ἑτέρα πιέζει verschillende soorten ongeluk teisteren verschillende mensen Eur. Alc. 894. stevig vasthouden, in bedwang houden:. σφόδρα πιέσαντες μὴ ἀνῶμεν laten wij (dat) stevig vasthouden en niet loslaten Plat. Lg. 965d; π. τὸν τῦφον zijn arrogantie in bedwang houden Plut. Alc. 4.3; ἐκεῖνον... πιέζων τῷ λόγῳ hem met zijn woorden in het gareel brengend Plut. Alc. 6.5.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to press, to push, beset</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Hom. as v.l.; Hp., Herod., Plb.), aor. <b class="b3">πιέσαι</b> (IA.), pass. <b class="b3">πιεσθῆναι</b> (θ 336), also <b class="b3">πι-έξαι</b>, <b class="b3">-εχθῆναι</b> (Hp., Epidaur.); fut. <b class="b3">πιέσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεπίεσμαι</b> (Arist.; <b class="b3">-ίεγμαι</b> Hp.), act. <b class="b3">πεπίεκα</b>; besides <b class="b3">πιάζω</b> (Alcm., Alc., hell.). <b class="b3">πιάσαι</b> (<b class="b3">-άξαι</b> Theoc.), <b class="b3">πιασθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πεπίασμαι</b> (hell.), rarely w. <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> a.o.<br />Compounds: Often w. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> a.o.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">πίε-(πία-)σις</b> (<b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>πιέζω ) f. [[pressing]], [[pressure]] (Pl., Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">-σμός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> πιέζω a.o.) m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist.); 3. <b class="b3">-σμα</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> πιέζω a.o.) n. <b class="b2">pressure, pressed mass</b> (Hp., Eub.); 4. <b class="b3">-στήρ</b> m. [[presser]], [[press]] (Att. inscr., medic.) with <b class="b3">-στήριος</b> [[pressing]], n. [[press]] (Dsc.); 5. <b class="b3">-στρον</b> n. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Gal.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: On <b class="b3">πιεζ-έω</b> as innovation beside older <b class="b3">πιέζ-ω</b> cf. <b class="b3">κυρ-έω</b> beside <b class="b3">κύρ-ω</b> a.o. (Schwyzer 721). Also <b class="b3">πιάζω</b> is an innovation (after the verbs in <b class="b3">-άζω</b>; perh. also phonet. explainable; s. Schwyzer 244 w. lit., a.o. Wackernagel IF 25, 336f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1032 f.). -- Not certainly interpreted. Great semantic and phonetic similarity shows Skt. <b class="b2">pīḍáyati</b> [[squeeze]], [[press]], [[hurt]], which stands first for <b class="b2">*pizd-</b> and would give Gr. <b class="b3">*πίζω</b>. For it <b class="b3">πιέζω</b> after <b class="b3">ἕζω</b> (Schwyzer 721 n. 5)? Diff., very hard, Kuiper Acta Or. 12, 227f.: <b class="b3">πιέζω</b> from <b class="b2">*pii̯es-dō</b> as full grade of <b class="b2">*pis-d-</b> in Skt. <b class="b2">pīḍ-</b>. Further combinations hypothetic: <b class="b2">*piz-d-</b> from <b class="b2">*pis-d-</b> as <b class="b2">d-</b>enlargement of IE <b class="b2">*pis-</b> in Lat. [[pīnsō]] [[pound]], [[crush]] (Fick, Curtius a. A.; cf. [[πτίσσω]]). -- Earlier (Brugmann, Osthoff etc.; s. Bq s.v. and WP. 2, 486 [Pok. 887]) from *(<b class="b2">e)pi-sed-i̯ō</b> resp. *(<b class="b2">e)pi-zd-</b> (> <b class="b2">pīḍáyati</b>) prop. *"sit upon" = [[squeeze]] explained; against this Kuiper l.c. and Mayrhofer s.v. w. rich lit. and many details.