καταβάλλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">-βᾰλῶ</b>: aor. <b class="b3">κατέβᾰλον</b>; Ep. 3sg. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> κάββαλε <span class="bibl">Od. 6.172</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>189</span>, etc.; imper. καββαλόντων <span class="title">Foed.Delph.Pell.</span>1<span class="title">B</span> 14:—<b class="b2">throw down, overthrow</b>, κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον <span class="bibl">Il.2.414</span>; ἐς μέσσον κ. τι <span class="bibl">15.357</span>; ἐνὶ πόντῳ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>189</span>; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς <span class="bibl">Il.23.125</span>(tm.); ἐπὶ Χθονί <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>462</span>, etc.; κ. [<b class="b3">τινὰ</b>] ἐνθάδε <span class="bibl">Od.6.172</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ οἰκήματα, τὰ ἀγάλματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">8.109</span>; τεῖχος <span class="bibl">Th.7.24</span>; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.41</span>; ἀπ' ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>15e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐς τὸ μηδέν</b> <b class="b2">to bring down</b> to nothing, opp. <b class="b3">ἐξᾶραι ὑψοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.79</span>; <b class="b3">κάββαλλε τὸν Χείμωνα</b> <b class="b2">confound, defy</b> the storm, <span class="bibl">Alc.34.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἑαυτόν</b> <b class="b2">throw</b> oneself <b class="b2">down</b> to sleep, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>38</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">strike down</b> with a weapon, <b class="b2">slay</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.692</span>(tm.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.64</span>, etc.; by a blow, κ. πατάξας <span class="bibl">Lys.13.71</span>; esp. of slaying victims, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1603</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.20</span>; κ. θῦμα δαίμοσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1246</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Pass., <b class="b2">to be stricken</b>, νόσῳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1121.9</span>(iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">throw</b> into prison, κ. τινὰ ἐς ἐρκτήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.146</span>: generally, <b class="b2">throw, bring</b> into a certain state, κ. [<b class="b3">τινὰ</b>] ἐς ξυμφοράς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>606</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.58</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀπορίαν, εἰς ἀπιστίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>15e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>88c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">overthrow, refute</b>, <b class="b3">οἱ -βάλλοντες</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λόγοι</b>), title of work by Protagoras: κ. τινά <span class="bibl">Democr.125</span>; δόξαν <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>6.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">abuse, bully</b>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.164S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">cast down</b> or <b class="b2">away, cast off, reject</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.24</span>: metaph., <b class="b2">forget</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Fr.</span>111</span>; <b class="b3">κ. εἴς τι</b> <b class="b2">throw away</b> upon a thing, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>960e</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">οἱ καταβεβλημένοι</b> <b class="b2">despicable fellows</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.8</span>; cf. [[καταβεβλημένως]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">let fall, drop</b>, ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν <span class="bibl">Il.5.343</span>; <b class="b3">κάββαλε νεβρόν</b>, of an eagle, <span class="bibl">8.249</span>; of a fawning dog, οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω <span class="bibl">Od.17.302</span>; <b class="b3">ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.85</span>; of sails, καθ' ἱστία λευκὰ βαλόντες <span class="bibl">Thgn.671</span>; τἀκάτια <span class="bibl">Epicr.10</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς</b> βαλεῖ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>574</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς ὀφρῦς κ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>167</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὰ κέρατα</b> <b class="b2">droop</b> their feelers, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>590b26</span>: in Politics, <b class="b2">abandon</b> a measure, καταβάλλοντ' ἐᾶν ἐν ὑπωμοσίᾳ <span class="bibl">D.18.103</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">lay down, set down</b>, κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ <span class="bibl">Il.9.206</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>165</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>727</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">lay down, lay in</b> stores, κ. σιτία <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.25</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">κὰτ ἄσπιδες βεβλήμεναι</b> <b class="b2">stored up</b>, <span class="bibl">Alc.15.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">pay down, yield, bring in</b>, ἡ λίμνη καταβάλλει ἐπ' ἡμέρην ἑκάστην τάλαντον ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.149</span>; τὰς ἐπικαρπίας τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">And.1.92</span>, cf. Lexib.<span class="bibl">93</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">pay</b>, τἀργύριον <span class="bibl">Th. 1.27</span>; τριώβολον <span class="bibl">Amips.13</span>; ἀρραβῶνα <span class="bibl">Men.743</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span>48.10</span>(iii B.C.), etc.; τιμήν τινι ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>932d</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Vit.Auct.</span> 25</span>; τέλη <span class="title">GDI</span>5018a17 (Gortyn), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>29.6</span> (iii B.C.); λύτρα <span class="title">GDI</span> 5151.8 (Cret., found at Delphi); <b class="b3">καταβαλών σοι δραχμὴν τῶν βοτρύων</b> for them, Philostr.<span class="title">Her.Praef.</span>1; <b class="b3">κ. ζημίαν</b> <b class="b2">pay up, discharge</b> a fine, <span class="bibl">D. 24.83</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">59.27</span>:—later in Med., μισθὸν καταβαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">put in, deposit</b>, in Pass., εἰ ἡ μαρτυρία κατεβάλλετο ἐνταῦθα <span class="bibl">D.34.46</span>:—but usu. in Med., <b class="b2">deposit</b>, γράμματα εἰς κιβωτόν <span class="title">BCH</span>25.100 (Tlos), cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).3.15 (Rhodes); <b class="b3">ψευδεῖς γραφὰς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα</b> Docum. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.55</span>; λόγους <span class="title">IG</span>7.2850 (Haliartus); δόγμα <span class="title">GDI</span>5182.10 (Cret., found at Teos). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">throw down</b> seed, <b class="b2">sow</b>, <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Georg.</span>37</span>, cf. <b class="b3">καταβλητέον; κ. τὸ σπέρμα</b>, of the male, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Nat.</span>908.1</span>:—Pass., <span class="title">Placit.</span>5.7.4, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Ocell.4.14</span>: metaph., σπέρμα κ. τοιούτων πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">D.24.154</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φάτιν ὡς .</b>. <b class="b2">spread abroad</b> a rumour, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.122</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>758</span>(lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">lay down as a foundation</b>, mostly in Med., τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>803a</span>: esp. metaph., <b class="b3">-βαλλομένα μέγαν οἶκτον</b> <b class="b2">beginning</b> a lament (cf. infr. <span class="bibl">8</span>), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>164</span>(lyr.); Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο <span class="bibl">Str. 17.3.22</span>; καταβαλέσθαι τοὐπτάνιον <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.39</span>; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν <span class="bibl">D.S.12.20</span>; τὴν Στωϊκῶν αἵρεσιν Plu.2.329a: hence generally, <b class="b2">to be the author of, commit to writing</b>, ἱστορικὰς καταβαλόμενοι πραγματείας <span class="bibl">D.H.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">λόγον</b> Darius ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.9.13</span>; φλυαρίας Gal.7.476:— Pass., ὅταν δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ… ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1261</span>: freq. metaph., δεδημοσιωμένα που καταβέβληται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>232d</span>; πολλοὶ λόγοι πρὸς αὐτὰ -βέβληνται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1096a10</span>; <b class="b3">καταβεβλημέναι μαθήσεις</b> <b class="b2">fundamental, established</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1337b21</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κ. παιδεύματα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1338a36</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.27S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> c. inf., <b class="b3">γάμον καταβάλλομ' ἀείδειν</b> I <b class="b2">begin</b> my song of, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>196</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Pass., <b class="b2">lie down</b>, εἰς εὐνάν <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> like [[καταβαίνω]] <span class="bibl">11.1</span>, <b class="b2">arrive</b> at in a course of lectures, εἰς Γοργίαν <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Isid.</span>54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> intr., <b class="b2">fall</b>, εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>344c</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1338.png Seite 1338]] (s. [[βάλλω]]), 1) <b class="b2">herabwerfen</b>, herunterwerfen, zu <b class="b2">Bodenstürzen</b>; in tmesi, [[πρίν]] με κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο [[μέλαθρον]] Il. 2, 414; ἡ δὲ μέγα ἰάχουσα ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν [[υἱόν]] 5, 343, sie ließ den Sohn zur Erde fallen; vom Adler, πὰρ δὲ Διὸς βωμῷ κάββαλε νεβρόν 8, 249; κάββαλ' ἐπ' ἠπείροιο Hes. Th. 189; κατ' ἀγρίῳ ἐν πυρὶ [[βάλλω]] Theocr. 2, 54; von den schmeichelnden Hunden, [[οὔατα]] κάββαλεν, er ließ die Ohren hangen, senkte sie, Od. 17, 302; vgl. Eur. καταβαλὼν τὰς [[ὀφρῦς]] Cycl. 167; vom Hirsch, καταβάλλειν τὰ κέρατα, das Geweih abwerfen, Arist. H. A. 6, 18 u. öfter; p. πρᾶτον ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων, den ersten Bart herabwallen lassen, Theocr. 15, 85; Ggstz ἀναστῆσαι, Plat. Charm. 155 b; αἴσχιον ἐν πάλῃ τὸ πίπτειν ἢ τὸ καταβάλλειν Hipp. min. 374 a; vgl. Plut. Pericl. 8; καταβάλλειν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου, vom Pferde herunterwerfen, Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 41; übertr., ἀπ' ἐλπίδος Plat. Euthyphr. 15 e; <b class="b2">zerstören</b>, τὰ οἰκήματα οὐ κατέβαλλε Her. 1, 17; τὰ θεῶν ἀγάλματα, umstürzen, 8, 109; πολλοὺς Λακεδαιμονίων, niederstrecken, 9, 63, wie Lys. πατάξας τινά 13, 87; [[ἔνθεν]] καὶ [[ἔνθεν]] ἠκόντιζον καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν κατέβαλλον Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 3, vgl. Cyr. 1, 3, 14; πατάξαι καὶ καταβαλεῖν τὴν παρθένον Plut. Cim. 6; Pol. 5, 17, 4 u. a. Sp. – So ist auch vielleicht ἱερεῖα καταβάλλειν Isocr. 2, 20 zu nehmen, wenn es nicht wie unten 3) »die gesetzmäßigen Opfer abtragen, erlegen« ist; vgl. Eur. καλὸν τὸ [[θῦμα]] καταβαλοῦσα δαίμοσιν Bacch. 1244 u. σφάγια Or. 1603. – 2) in einen Zustand <b class="b2">hineinversetzen</b>, mit Heftigkeit oder plötzlich, εἰς συμφοράς Eur. I. T. 606, εἰς ἀπορίαν Plat. Phil. 15 e Hipp. mai. 286 c; εἰς ἀπιστίαν Phaed. 88 c; εἰς φόβον Epist. VII, 333 c; εἰς φθόνον ib. 344 c; εἶς δόξαν Rep. VII, 538 d. Auch med., sich stürzen, εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν Plat. ep. VII, 344 c; vgl. ἐξάρας με ὑψσῦ ἐς τὸ μηδὲν κατέβαλες, du stießest mich von der Höhe in das Nichts hinab, Her. 9, 79. – Aehnlich im eigtl. Sinne εἰς γῆν φυτὸν καὶ [[σπέρμα]] Plat. Theaet. 149 e, aussäen; übertr., οὐδὲ [[σπέρμα]] δεῖ καταβάλλειν ἐν τῇ πόλει οὐδένα τοιούτων πραγμάτων Dem. 24, 154. – Ueberhaupt <b class="b2">verbreiten</b>, καταβάλλειν φάτιν, das Gerücht verbreiten, Her. 1, 122; δεδημοσιωμένα που καταβέβληται γεγραμμένα Plat. Soph. 232 b; πολλοὶ λόγοι πρὸς αὐτὰ καταβέβληνται Arist. Eth. 1, 3 (s. unten 4). – 3) <b class="b2">niederlegen</b>, hinlegen, Ar. Ach. 165 Ran. 1124. – Besonders Geld<b class="b2"> erlegen</b>, zu dessen Bezahlung man verpflichtet ist, u. überhaupt Geld einbringen, abwerfen, ἡ [[λίμνη]] ἐς τὸ βασιλεῖον καταβάλλει ἐπ' ἡμέρην ἑκάστην [[τάλαντον]] ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων Her. 2, 149; τὰ νόμιμα Plat. Legg. V, 742 b XI, 932 d; χρήματα Andoc. 1, 73; entrichten, Thuc. 1, 27; τέλη ὠνούμενος μὴ καταβάλλειν Dem. 24, 144; ζημίας ib. 83; τὰς καταβολάς 59, 27; Sp., wie Plut. Them. 24; bezahlen, Strab. V, 224; λύτρα πολεμίοις D. Hal. 2, 10; [[ὑπέρ]] τινος, Luc. vit. auct. 25. – Ein Zeugniß ablegen, ἡ [[μαρτυρία]] κατεβάλλετο [[ἐνταῦθα]] Dem. 34, 46. – 4) <b class="b2">verwerfen</b>, Sp., bes. pass., αἱ καταβεβλημέναι ὑποθέσεις Arist. Pol. 8, 2, wenn dies nicht zu 2) gehört, die allgemein verbreiteten, gewöhnlichen, u. deshalb nicht bewnders zu achtenden; Isocr. aber vrbdt τοῦ μὴ τῶν καταβεβλημένων εἷς εἶναι μηδὲ τῶν κατημελημένων, 12, 8, wobei an den zu Boden gestreckten Ringer zu denken ist. – Med. für sich niederlegen, bes. den Grund zu Etwas, οἷον δή τις ναυπηγὸς τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος Plat. Legg. VII, 803 a; übh. <b class="b2">begründen, anfangen</b>, ὦ μεγάλων [[ἀχέων]] καταβαλλομένα μέγαν οἶτον Eur. Hel. 164, vgl. pass. [[ὅταν]] δὲ κρηπὶς μὴ καταβληθῇ γένους ὀρθῶς, [[ἀνάγκη]] δυστυχεῖν τοὺς ἐκγόνους Herc. Fur. 1261; τοὐπτάνιον, einrichten, Sosip. Ath. IX, 318 d; Sp. häufiger, Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο Strab. XVII, 837, er gründete die kyrenäische Schule, wie ὁ Στωικῶν αἵρεσιν καταβαλόμενος Plut. de Alex. fort. 1, 6; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν καταβαλόμενος D. Sic. 12, 20; ἱστορικὰς πραγματείας D. Hal. 1, 1. Von der Weltschöpfung, K. S. Vgl. [[καταβολή]].