πολιτεία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. πολῑτ-ηΐη, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">condition and rights of a citizen, citizenship</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.104</span>, etc.; π. δοῦναί τινι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.2.10</span>: pl., <b class="b2">grants of citizenship</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>54.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the daily life of a citizen</b>, <span class="bibl">And.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D. 19.184</span>; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Id.20.122</span>; <b class="b2">life, living</b>, ἡ ἐν Βοιωτίᾳ π. <span class="bibl">Plb.18.43.6</span>; so perh. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>2.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> concrete, <b class="b2">body of citizens</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1292a34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> = Lat. <b class="b2">civitas</b> in geographical sense, <span class="title">SIG</span>888.118 (Scaptopara, iii A. D.), Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>78.6 (iv A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">government, administration</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>219</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.9.15</span>, etc.; ἄγειν τὴν π. <span class="bibl">Th.1.127</span>; πρασύτατα καὶ ἀσελγέστατα τῇ π. κεχρῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>29</span>; <b class="b2">course of policy</b>, τῇ π. καὶ τοῖς ψηφίσμασι <span class="bibl">D.18.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.3</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">18.263</span>; ἡ Κλεοφῶντος π. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.150</span>; ἡ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ὁμιλία καὶ π. <span class="bibl">Str.16.2.46</span>: pl., <b class="b2">acts of policy</b>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">Vit.</span>65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">tenure of public office</b>, πᾶσαν π. ἐπιφανῶς ἐκτελέσαι <span class="title">IG</span>4.716.6 (Hermione); ἐν τοῖς τῆς π. χρόνοις <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>76 (Olbia, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">civil polity, constitution of a state</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.37</span>, etc.; τὴν ἐλευθερίαν... μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τὰς π. <span class="bibl">D.18.65</span>; <b class="b2">form of gouernment</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>562a</span>, etc.; ὁμολογοῦνται τρεῖς εἶναι π., τυραννὶς καὶ ὀλιγαρχία καὶ δημοκρατία <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1293a37</span>, etc.; αἱ τέτταρες π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>544b</span>; ἥτις ἂν π. συμφέρῃ <span class="bibl">Lys.25.8</span>; π. ἐστὶ τάξις ταῖς πόλεσιν ἡ περὶ τὰς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1289a15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1274b26</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">1289b27</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">ὅπου μὴ νόμοι ἄρχουσιν οὐκ ἔστι π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1292a32</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀρίστην πολιτεύεσθαι π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1288b31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>1.1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> esp. <b class="b2">republican government, free common-wealth</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1160a34</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span> 1293b22</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν δὲ τὸ πλῆθος πρὸς τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύηται συμφέρον, καλεῖται π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1279a39</span>; ἄπιστον ταῖς π. ἡ τυραννίς <span class="bibl">D.1.5</span>; οὐ γὰρ ἀσφαλεῖς ταῖς π. αἱ πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους… ὁμιλίαι <span class="bibl">Id.6.21</span>; τοὺς τὰς π. μεθιστάντας εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν <span class="bibl">Id.15.20</span>; ταῖς μὲν π. πολεμοῦσι τὰς δὲ μοναρχίας συγκαθιστᾶσι <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.125</span>; ἔστι δήμου ἡ π. βίος Plu.2.826c.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0656.png Seite 656]] ἡ, ion. [[πολιτηΐη]], das Bürgersein, der Stand, die Rechte des freien Bürgers, Her. 9, 34 u. öfter; das Leben als Bürger in einer Stadt, Pol. 18, 26, 6; <b class="b2">Bürgerrecht</b>, Thuc. 6, 104; τῆς ἐν Ἄργει μετέχειν, Xen. Hell. 4, 4, 6; πολιτείαν δοῦναί τινι, 1, 2, 10; Dem. 12, 10; τυχὼν τῆς πολιτείας, Pol. 6, 2, 12; dah. die Theilnahme an der Staatsverwaltung, οἷς γάρ ἐστ' ἐν λόγοις ἡ πολ., Dem. 19, 184; Xen. Mem. 3, 9, 15; ἀπομιμούμενος τὴν Κλεοφῶντος πολιτείαν, Aesch. 3, 150; auch τὴν πολιτείαν ἄγων, Thuc. 1, 127; <b class="b2">Staatsverfassung</b>; im Allgemeinen, πολιτεῖαι [[τρεῖς]], [[τυραννίς]], [[ὀλιγαρχία]], [[δημοκρατία]], Aesch. 1, 4; καλλίστη [[πολιτεία]] [[τυραννίς]], Plat. Rep. VIII, 562 a; μοναρχικὴ καὶ δημοκρατική, Legg. VI, 756 e; [[ἀριστοκρατία]], Polit. 301 a, u. öfter; Arist., Pol. u. A.; bes. die freie demokratische Verfassung, im Ggstz der [[μοναρχία]] Isocr. 4, 125, der [[τυραννίς]] Dem. 1, 5; τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας καὶ μεθιστάντας εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν, Dem. 15, 20, u. öfter; Ar. Equ. 217 sagt τὰ δ' ἄλλα σοι πρόσεστι δημαγωγικά, φωνὴ μιαρά, γέγονας κακῶς, [[ἀγοραῖος]] εἶ· ἔχεις ἅπαντα πρὸς πολιτείαν ἃ δεῖ; Plat. setzt auch gegenüber χρήσιμοι εἴς τε πολιτείαν καὶ ἰδίους οἴκους, Legg. VI, 796 d. – Uebh. civitas, Staat, περιγράψατέ με ἐκ τῆς πολιτείας, Aesch. 3, 209, verbannen.