φαῦλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>435</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1083.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.21</span>: (cf. [[φλαῦρος]]):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">cheap, easy, slight, paltry</b>, first found commonly in E., twicein <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.26</span>, <span class="bibl">126</span> (Comp., elsewh.<b class="b3">φλαῦρος</b>), six times in Democr., <span class="title">Fr.</span>87, al., twice in S., <span class="title">Frr.</span>41,771: Adv. <b class="b3">φαύλως</b> once in A.: <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span> 520</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of things, <b class="b2">easy, slight</b>, φ. ἀθλήσας πόνον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>317</span>; <b class="b3">φαυλότατον ἔργον</b> ''tis as easy as lying', <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>213</span>; φ. πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>14</span>; τὸ ζήτημα οὐ φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>368c</span>; φ. ἐρώτημα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>19a</span>; φαῦλον αὐτοῖς προστάξομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>423c</span>: freq. with negat., <b class="b3">οὐ φ., ἀλλὰ χαλεπὸν πιστεῦσαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">527d</span>; μάχη οὐ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179d</span>; οὐ φ. τέχνη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>223c</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτοι βασιλέα φαῦλόν [ἐστι] κτανεῖν</b> 'tis no <b class="b2">slight matter</b> to kill a king, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>760</span>; <b class="b3">νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔτι φ. ἐμβαλεῖν στρατόν</b> no [[easy]] matter, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>285</span>; οὐ φ. πληγαί <span class="bibl">D.54.13</span>; φιλοῦσιν ἰατροὶ λέγειν τὰ φαῦλα μείζω <span class="bibl">Men.497</span>; <b class="b3">φαῦλα ἐπιφέρειν</b> bring [[paltry]] charges, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.26</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ φ. νικήσας ἔχω</b> have gained [[petty]] victories, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>41</span> (wrongly glossed by <b class="b3">μέγα</b> in Phot., Suid., and <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>789.43</span>, cf. Hsch); <b class="b3">σύμμαχον Τροίᾳ μολόντα Ῥῆσον οὐ φαύλῳ τρόπῳ</b>, i. e. with no [[trivial]] force, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 599</span>; παρὰ φαῦλον ποιεῖσθαί τι <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Rh.</span>4.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>14.26</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-λως εὑρεῖν, τυχεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>404</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">509</span> (anap.); φ. πάνυ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 566</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">φ. ἐκφυγεῖν</b> to get off [[easily]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>215</span> (lyr.); φ. ἀποδράς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>711</span> (lyr.); φαυλότατα καὶ ῥᾷστα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>778</span>; <b class="b3">οὔτι φαύλως ἦλθε</b> [[with]] no <b class="b2">trivial force</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>112</span>; φ. βοηθήσειν <span class="bibl">D.15.13</span>; φαύλως καὶ γλίσχρως παρείχοντο χρήματα <span class="title">Hell.Oxy.</span>14.2; <b class="b3">τὰς ἐλπίδας φ. ἔχειν</b> to be [[slight]], <span class="bibl">Hdn.1.3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">simple, ordinary</b>, δίαιτα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>36</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>49</span>, Eur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>213.4; σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ φαυλότατα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Vict.</span>3.68</span> (Comp.); but freq. with sense <b class="b2">poor, indifferent</b>, στρατιά <span class="bibl">Th.6.21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀσπίδες, τείχισμα, παρασκευή</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.4.9.115</span>, <span class="bibl">6.31</span>; ἱμάτιον X. l. c. Adv. -λως, διατρίβειν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>173c</span>; μὴ φ. μηδὲ ἰδιωτικῶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">mean, bad</b>, πρῆξις <span class="bibl">Democr.177</span>; λόγοι <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>870</span>, ψόγος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>94</span> (perh. both in signf. <span class="bibl">1.1</span> and in <span class="bibl">1.3</span>); οὐ φ. ὄψις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>519a</span>; φ. δόξα <span class="bibl">D.24.205</span>; τὰ πράγματ' ἐστὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.19.30</span>; φαῦλα διαπεπραγμένος <span class="bibl">Philem.229</span>; ὁ φαῦλα πράττων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>3.20</span>; μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>9.11</span>; τὸ φ. [[evil]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>390</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ φ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ἀγαθά</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.47</span>; <b class="b3">τύχη φ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ἀγαθή</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 197a26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1065a35</span>; τὴν πόλιν μηθὲμ φ. παθεῖν <span class="title">OGI</span>765.35 (Priene); <b class="b3">κομίσασθαι . . εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φ</b>., of rewards and punishments, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>5.10</span>; φ. μαίωσις <span class="bibl">Sor.2.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.91</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[low]] in rank, <b class="b2">mean, common</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>688</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ φαυλότατοι</b> <b class="b2">the commonest sort</b> (of soldiers), <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>; [<b class="b3">γάμος] ὁ ἐκ τῶν φαυλοτέρων</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκ μειζόνων</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>1.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>475b</span>; of outward looks, αἱ φαυλότεραι <b class="b2">the plainer ones</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>617</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">626</span> (Comp., both anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">inefficient, bad</b>, διδάσκαλος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>771.3</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ φ. καὶ τὸ μέσον καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβές</b> <b class="b2">the inefficient</b>, the middling, and the perfect, <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>; <b class="b3">φ. αὐλητής</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀγαθός</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>327c</span>; τοξότης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>194a</span>; οὐ δὲ φαύλων ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 390d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">σπουδαῖος</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>757a</span>, etc.; esp. in point of education and accomplishments, opp. σοφός, οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς φαῦλοι παρ' ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>989</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>496</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 834</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>174c</span>, <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.129a; τὸ πλῆθος τὸ -ότερον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>431</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οἱ -ότεροι</b>, opp. to <b class="b3">οἱ ξυνετώτεροι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.37</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ φαυλότεροι γνώμην</b> ib.<span class="bibl">83</span>; τὰ γράμματα φαῦλοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>242c</span> (so in Adv., φαυλοτέρως πεπαιδευμένοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>876d</span>); generally, [[inferior]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>483c</span>: c. inf., φαῦλοι μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>305</span>; <b class="b3">φ. λέγειν, φ. διαλεχθῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>181b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span> 336c</span>: of animals, φ. κύων <span class="bibl">D.26.22</span>; φαυλότατοι ἵπποι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">careless, thoughtless, indifferent</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>807</span>:—esp. in Adv., <b class="b3">φαύλως ἐκρίνατε</b> judged [[lightly]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>520</span>; φ. εὕδειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 769</span>; οὐχ ὧδε φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>1546</span>; φ. παραινεῖν <b class="b2">off-hand</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>89</span>; λόγισαι φαύλως μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ' ἀπὸ χειρός <b class="b2">off-hand, roughly</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span> (anap.); φ. εἰπεῖν [[casually]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>449c</span>; <b class="b3">φ. φέρειν</b> to bear [[lightly]], <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">IA</span>850</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>961</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in good sense, <b class="b2">simple, unaffected</b>, φαῦλον, ἄκομψον, τὰ μέγιστ' ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>473</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">D.L.3.63</span>. Adv. -λως, παιδεύειν τινά <b class="b2">by a very simple method</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>13.4</span>; φ. καὶ βραχέως ἀποκρίνασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>147c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of health, etc., <b class="b3">φαύλως ἔχειν</b> to be [[ill]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>2.32</span>; <b class="b3">φ. πράττειν</b> to be <b class="b2">in sorry plight</b>, <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Sam.</span>165</span>; φ. ἔχει τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">D.10.3</span>, al.</span>