πρᾶγμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, Ion. πρῆχμα <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 688 <span class="title">B</span>16, <span class="title">C</span>5 (Chios, v B. C.), <span class="title">GDI</span>5598.4 (Ephesus); also πρῆγμα <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.33</span>, al., but Hdt. perh. wrote πρῆχμα, which is v. l. in <span class="bibl">1.133</span> ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.4.144a</span> (cod. A), and in <span class="bibl">3.49</span>,<span class="bibl">57</span> (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1619.326</span>,<span class="bibl">379</span>); cf. <b class="b3">πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου</b> imitated from Hdt. in <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>1092 (Erechtheum): (πράσσω):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[deed]], [[act]], the concrete of <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, <span class="bibl">Thgn.116</span>, al.; opp. <b class="b3">λόγοι</b>, <span class="bibl">D.2.12</span>, etc.; πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 7.46</span>; <b class="b3">γυναίου π. ἐποίει</b> did the [[act]] of a woman, <span class="bibl">D.25.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.24</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">occurrence, matter, affair</b>, πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 13.75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.278</span>; τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>575</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">584</span>; π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.92</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.64</span>; ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.206</span>; τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>747</span> codd.; τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη <span class="bibl">D.21.111</span>; <b class="b3">ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.4.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">thing, concrete reality</b>, ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; <span class="bibl">Epich.171.1</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ὄνομα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>391b</span>, <span class="bibl">436a</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.27</span>; δύο π… τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>432b</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν</b> c. inf., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1</span>; οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη . . τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">de An.</span>432a3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>379a32</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>226b30</span>, <span class="bibl">227b28</span>; διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu.2.1109d, cf. 1112d; ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>21</span> : pl., τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα <span class="bibl">Philol.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Democr.164</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Xen.</span>974a25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1252a24</span>; τὰ μετέωρα π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">250</span>, <span class="bibl">741</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ὀνόματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>39o</span>e, <span class="bibl">D.9.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> contemptuously, [[thing]], [[creature]], <b class="b3">κακῷ πράγματι</b> wretched [[creature]], viz. the sophist, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>312c</span>; <b class="b3">τούτῳ τῷ π</b>., viz. the demos, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>520b</span>; ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. <span class="bibl">D.19.136</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμαχον π</b>., of a woman, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> like [[πρᾶξις]] <span class="bibl">1.2</span>, ὄφελος <span class="bibl">1</span>, in Hdt., <b class="b3">πρῆγμά ἐστι</b> or <b class="b3">ἐστί μοι</b>, c. inf., it is [[advantageous]] for me, εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">1.79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.11</span>: with a neg., εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.7.12</span>: also c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι</b> there will be no [[advantage]] or [[need]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.207</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον</b> the only <b class="b2">thing needful</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.7.130</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">thing of consequence</b> or [[importance]], <b class="b3">π. ποιήσασθαι [τι</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">150</span>; π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο <span class="bibl">Id.6.63</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες</b> no [[matter]], S., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>447b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>451</span>; ὡς . . οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>4d</span>; <b class="b3">δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη</b> that there was <b class="b2">something the matter</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">π. ἐστί μοι</b> it [[concerns]] me, <b class="b3">σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π</b>. they had <b class="b2">nothing to do</b> with the A., <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.84</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.283</span>; <b class="b3">ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι</b> no admittance except on [[business]], Sammelb.6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, <b class="b3">οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου</b> who were not [[concerned]] in the war, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>65</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.;</b> what is your [[pursuit]] or [[business]], what are you about? <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>20c</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.104d. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">μέγα π</b>. a man <b class="b2">of consequence</b>, <span class="bibl">D.35.15</span>; τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>175</span>; <b class="b3">ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ</b> he was made much of by the king, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.132</span>; <b class="b3">π. μέγα φρέατος</b> a <b class="b2">fine large</b> tank, <span class="bibl">Alex.179</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> used of a battle, [[action]], [[affair]], ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>. the love-[[affair]] of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.132</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[fact]], opp. <b class="b3">λόγος, ὄνομα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Top.</span>146a3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">SE</span>175a8</span>; πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>263a17</span>: pl., οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1188</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b2">matter in hand, question</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>39</span>; πρὸς τὸ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>87a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>70a32</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.26</span>; διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1299b18</span>; <b class="b3">ἔξω τοῦ π</b>., v. [[ἔξω]] <span class="bibl">1.2b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in pl., <b class="b3">πράγματα</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[circumstances]], [[affairs]], τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.207</span>; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.89</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ</b> by [[circumstances]], not by acts, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>286</span>; ἐν τοιούτοις π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>2.1.16</span>, etc.; δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι <span class="bibl">D.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.5.1</span>; τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία <span class="bibl">Chaerem.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π</b>. fail <b class="b2">to prosper</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.28</span>; the [[condition]] of a patient, τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prog.</span>1</span> (also in sg., ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span> 35</span>; so also poet., ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>375</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>314</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">state-affairs</b>, τὰ πολιτικὰ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>31d</span>; <b class="b3">ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π</b>. the [[fortunes]] of the state, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>32</span>; a [[state]] or [[empire]], <b class="b3">τὰ Περσικὰ π</b>. the Persian [[power]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.137</span>; τὰ Περσέων π. <span class="bibl">Id.7.50</span>, etc.; διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>714</span>; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Th.1.74</span>; μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα <span class="bibl">D.4.8</span>, cf. 44, etc.; παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. <span class="bibl">Id.1.3</span>; of [[government]], καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.3.30</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">ἔχειν τὰ π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">62</span>,<span class="bibl">72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.83</span>; κατέχειν τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Th.4.2</span>; ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν τοῖς π</b>. those who are in [[power]] or [[office]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.28</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.56</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1307b10</span>; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες <span class="bibl">D.9.2</span>; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. <span class="bibl">Id.18.247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.3.69.4</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>3.32</span>; ἐν τυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu.2.150c; <b class="b3">τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">triumvir reipublicae constituendae</b>, Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.); κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.17</span>; νεώτερα π. [[innovations]], <span class="bibl">Lys.13.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.59</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.19</span>; but <b class="b3">εὐνούστατος τοῖς π</b>. a friend <b class="b2">to things as they are</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.12.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">fortunes, cause, circumstances</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.236</span>, <span class="bibl">237</span>; κοινὰ π. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1062</span>; τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hel.</span>260</span>; ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>280</span>: <b class="b3">τὰ π</b>. alone, one's [[all]], one's [[fortunes]], ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 474</span>; = [[κτήματα]], Hp. (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lex</span>5</span>?) ap.Erot.: in sg., φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>286e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cri.</span>53d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>42a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[business]], esp. [[lawbusiness]], πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.128</span>; οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας <span class="bibl">Lys.12.3</span>; δικῶν γὰρ οὐ δέομ' οὐδὲ πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1426</span>; πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>471</span> : metaph. in sg., <b class="b3">πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν</b> to have a bad [[case]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1415b22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in bad sense, [[trouble]], [[annoyance]], ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>310</span>; <b class="b3">πρήγματα ἔχειν</b>, c. part., to have [[trouble]] about a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.147</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>174b</span>, etc.; π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.4</span>, etc.; π. λαμβάνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span>2.9</span>; <b class="b3">π. παρέχειν τινί</b> to cause one [[trouble]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.155</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>20</span>, al.: c. inf., cause one the [[trouble]] of doing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>115a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>313</span>; πραγμάτων . . ἀπαλλαγείς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>269</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>41d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>406e</span>; <b class="b3">ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι</b>, <span class="bibl">D.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.3.6</span>: less freq.in sg., μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.239</span>.</span>