ῥάκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ᾰ], εος, τό</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">ragged, tattered garment</b>, δὸς ῥ. ἀμφιβαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Od. 6.178</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.434</span>, <span class="bibl">14.342</span>,<span class="bibl">349</span> (never in Il.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἱματίου μὲν ἔχειν ῥ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>540</span>; ῥ. φορεῖ <span class="bibl">Antiph.204.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.115</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Philem. 146</span>: freq. in pl. <b class="b3">ῥάκεα</b>, Att. <b class="b3">ῥάκη</b>, [[rags]], [[tatters]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.512</span>, <span class="bibl">18.67</span>,<span class="bibl">74</span>, <span class="bibl">19.507</span>,al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.129</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>39</span>,<span class="bibl">274</span>; ἐν ῥάκεσι περιφθείρεσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 9.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">strip of cloth</b>, ῥάκεα φοινίκεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>9.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>35.3</span>: even a [[strip]] of flesh, <b class="b3">σώματος ῥ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 1023</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> collectively, [[rag]], [[lint]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.36</span>; ῥάκη λινᾶ Dsc.5.75.15. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in pl. also, <b class="b2">rents in the face, wrinkles</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1065</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[rag]], [[remnant]], εἰκάσαι τὸ ἐρείπιον ῥάκει οἰκίας Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1413a6</span>; of an old seaman, <b class="b3">ἁλίοιο βίου ῥ</b>. <span class="title">AP</span>9.242 (Antiphil.), cf. <span class="bibl">7.380</span> (Crin.), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>32</span>.—The Aeol. form <b class="b3">βράκος</b> (q.v.), used of a garment, lacks the sense 'ragged'.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[rag]], [[schred]], [[wrinkles]], [[remnants]] (Od.).<br />Other forms: often pl. <b class="b3">ῥάκεα</b>, <b class="b3">-η</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ῥακό-δυτος</b> prop. <b class="b2">clothed in rags</b>, [[shabby]] (E. in lyr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">ῥάκιον</b>, pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> n. (Ar. a.o.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥακώματα</b> pl. = <b class="b3">ῥάκη</b> (Ar.; enlarged, Chantraine Form. 187); 3. <b class="b3">ἀπορ</b><<b class="b3">ρ</b>><b class="b3">ακίσματα</b> H. to <b class="b3">ῥάκη</b> (: <b class="b3">*ἀπο-ρρακίζειν</b>); 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ινος</b> (hell. inscr.), <b class="b3">-όεις</b> (AP), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (D. C., AP ) [[tattered]], [[wrinkled]]; 4. Uncertain (spoiled Debrunner IF 23, 14) <b class="b3">ῥακωλέον ῥάκος</b> H. (: <b class="b3">ῥωγαλέος</b> a.o.); 5. Denom. vb. <b class="b3">ῥακ-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">to become ragged, wrinkled</b> (Hp., Plu.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[wrinkling]], [[wrinkledness]] (Sor.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: For <b class="b3">ῥάκεα</b>, <b class="b3">-η</b> stands Aeol. <b class="b3">βράκ-εα</b> (Sapph. 57), <b class="b3">-η</b> (Theoc. 28, 11), but in the sense of <b class="b2">(long) ladies</b> garments'; to this <b class="b3">βράκος κάλαμος</b>, <b class="b3">ἱμάτιον πολυτελές</b> H. Other formation: <b class="b3">βράκαλον ῥόπαλον</b>, <b class="b3">βράκετον δρέπανον</b>, <b class="b3">κλαδευτήριον</b> H.; cf. (without dissim.) <b class="b3">ῥάκετρον</b> <b class="b2">chopping-knife</b> (Poll.; v. l. <b class="b3">ῥάχ-</b> [after <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b>]) with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> <b class="b2">split, cut through</b> (Pl. Com.). The deviating meaning [[ladies]] garments' creates doubt whether <b class="b3">βράκεα</b>, <b class="b3">-ος</b> in this sense belong here (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 199 f. with another, very doubtful etymology). The other words can be connected without difficulty with <b class="b3">ῥάκος</b> from <b class="b3">Ϝράκος</b>, with <b class="b3">βράκαλον</b> after <b class="b3">ῥόπαλον</b>, <b class="b3">σκύταλον</b>; <b class="b3">βράκετ(ρ)ον</b> seems to be a primary nom. instr., which like <b class="b3">ῥάκος</b> presupposes a primary verb, approx. aor. 2. <b class="b3">*ῥακεῖν</b>. -- No connection outside Greek. Old is the comparison with Skt. <b class="b2">vrścáti</b> <b class="b2">hew, fell (trees), split</b>, with <b class="b2">yūpa-vrask-á-</b> <b class="b2">post-cutter</b> and the ptc. <b class="b2">vr̥k-ṇá-</b> [[hewn]], [[felled]], which may stand for <b class="b2">*vr̥ṣk-ṇá-</b> and so makes a possible basis <b class="b2">*ur̥k-nó-</b> (= Gr. <b class="b3">*Ϝρακ-</b>) unnecessary. The from this reconstructed IE <b class="b2">*u̯resk-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯rosk-</b> has a variant in the Slav. word for [[rumple]] (cf. <b class="b3">ῥάκος</b>, also [[rumple]]), e.g. Russ.-CSl. [[vraska]] from <b class="b2">*u̯orsk-ā</b>. Toch. A [[wraske]] [[disease]] is phonetically unclear and lies semant. far off. For IE <b class="b2">*u̯resk-</b>, <b class="b2">u̯ersk-</b> one could reconstruct an older <b class="b2">*u̯reḱ-sk-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯erḱ-sk-</b>, through which the connections with <b class="b2">u̯r̥ḱ-</b> in <b class="b3">ῥάκος</b> would be established. An IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-</b> can however be found in the Indo-Iran. word for [[tree]] (prop. *'a felled tree'), Skt. <b class="b2">vr̥kṣá-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">varǝša-</b> m., IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-s-o-</b> beside <b class="b2">*u̯r̥ḱ-os-</b> in <b class="b3">ῥάκος</b> (s. Lidén in WP. 1, 286); then we have to abandon <b class="b2">vr̥k-ṇá-</b> < IE <b class="b2">*u̯rk-nó-</b>. -- Cf. WP. l.c., Pok. 1163 (m. Lit.). Older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. [[ῥίνη]], [[ῥινός]].