γλῶσσα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. γλάσσα, <span class="bibl">Herod.3.84</span>, al., <span class="title">SIG</span>1002.7 (Milet.), <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 692 (Chios), Att. γλῶττα, ης, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[tongue]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.332</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">γ. λάρυγγος</b>, = [[γλωττίς]], [[larynx]], <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>7.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[tongue]], as the organ of speech, <b class="b3">γλώσσης χάριν</b> through love <b class="b2">of talking</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>709</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 266</span>; γλώσσῃ ματαίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>331</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>830</span>; γλώσσης ἀκρατής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>884</span> (lyr.); μεγάλης γ. κόμποι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>128</span>; <b class="b3">γλώσσῃ δεινός, θρασύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>806</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1142</span>; ἡ γ. ὀμώμοχ' ἡ δὲ φρὴν ἀνώμοτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>612</span>: with Preps., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ γλώσσης</b> by <b class="b2">frankness of speech</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.63</span>; φθέγγεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.13</span> (but <b class="b3">ἀπὸ γ. ληίσσεται</b>, opp. <b class="b3">χερσὶ βίῃ</b>, of fraud opp. violence, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>322</span>); also, by <b class="b2">word of mouth</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.14.1</span>; τῷ νῷ θ' ὁμοίως κἀπὸ τῆς γ. λέγω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>936</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ γλώσσης ἄπο</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">our words</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1049</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ γ. φράσω</b> by [[heart]], opp. <b class="b3">γράμμασιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Cratin.122</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώσσης</b> not from <b class="b2">mere word of mouth</b>, but after full argument, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>813</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ διὰ γλώσσης</b> without using <b class="b2">the tongue</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>112</span>; ἐν ὄμμασιν… δεδορκὼς κοὐ κατὰ γλῶσσαν κλύων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 747</span>:—phrases: <b class="b3">πᾶσαν γλῶτταν βασάνιζε</b> try every <b class="b2">art of tongue</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>547</span>; <b class="b3">πᾶσαν ἱέναι γλῶσσαν</b> let loose one's whole [[tongue]], speak withoutrestraint, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>596</span>; πολλὴν γ. ἐγχέας μάτην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>929</span>; <b class="b3">κακὰ γ</b>. slander, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.283</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις</b>, i.e. with blasphemies, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>962</span> (lyr.), cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>199</span> (lyr.): <b class="b3">βοῦς, κ ῇς ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ</b>, v. [[βοῦς, κλείς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of persons, <b class="b2">one who is all tongue, speaker</b>, of Pericles, μεγίστη γ. τῶν Ἑλληνίδων <span class="bibl">Cratin.293</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>629</span> (s. v. l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἡ γ. τοῦ ταμιείου</b> the [[advocacy]] of the fiscus, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VS</span>2.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[language]], ἄλλη δ' ἄλλων γ. μεμιγμένη <span class="bibl">Od.19.175</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.2.804</span>; <b class="b3">γλῶσσαν ἱέναι</b> speak a [[language]] or [[dialect]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.57</span>; <b class="b3">γ. Ἑλληνίδα, Δωρίδα ἱέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>406</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>564</span>; γλῶσσαν νομίζειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.142</span>, <span class="bibl">4.183</span>; γλώσσῃ χρῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.4.109</span>; κατὰ τὴν ἀρχαίαν γ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1357b10</span>; [[dialect]], ἡ Ἀττικὴ γ. <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>177</span>; but also Δωρὶς διάλεκτος μία ὑφ' ἥν εἰσι γ. πολλαί Tryph. ap. Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.320</span> H. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[obsolete]] or <b class="b2">foreign word</b>, which needs explanation, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1410b12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b4</span>, Plu.2.406f: hence <b class="b3">Γλῶσσαι</b>, title of works by Philemon and others. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">people speaking a distinct language</b>, LXX.<span class="title">Ju.</span>3.8 (pl.), interpol. in <span class="bibl">Scyl.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">anything shaped like the tongue</b> (cf. γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.3</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> in Music, [[rced]] or <b class="b2">tongue of a pipe</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.229</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>565a24</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[tongue]] or <b class="b2">thong of leather, shoe-latchet</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.Socr.57</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">tongue of land</b>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Pun.</span>121</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">95</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[ingot]], γ. χρυσῆ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jo.</span>7.21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[marking]] on the liver, in divination, Hsch. (<b class="b3">γλῶσσα</b> from γλωχ-[[yǎ]], cf. <b class="b3">γλώξ, γλωχίς; γλάσσα</b> from <b class="b3">*γλᾰχ</b>-[[yǎ]], weak grade of same root.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[tongue]], [[language]] (Il.), [[rare]], [[dialectal word]] (Arist.).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">γλῶττα</b>; Ion. also <b class="b3">γλάσσα</b> (s. below)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αργος</b> [[garrulous]] (Pi.), from <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αλγος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; from here <b class="b3">στόμαργος</b>, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 31; diff. (to <b class="b3">ἀργός</b> [[quick]]) Willis AmJPh 63, 87ff.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">γλωσσάριον</b> (Dsc., pap.), <b class="b3">γλωσσίδιον</b> (Zen.); <b class="b3">γλώσσημα</b> <b class="b2">point of an arrow</b> (A.) retains the original meaning; s. Chantr. Form. 186), also <b class="b2">rare word</b> (Quint.), <b class="b3">γλωσσηματικός</b> (D. H.); <b class="b3">γλωσσώδης</b> [[talkative]] (LXX), <b class="b3">γλωσσός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn.); <b class="b3">γλωσσίς</b> <b class="b2">inflammation of the tongue</b> (Hippiatr.). - <b class="b3">γλωττίς</b> <b class="b2">end of a pipe, glottis</b> (Hero), also a bird (Arist., s. Thompson Birds s. v.); <b class="b3">γλωττικός</b> (Arist.); denom. <b class="b3">γλωττίζω</b> <b class="b2">kiss with the tongue</b>, <b class="b3">γλωττισμός</b> (AP).<br />Origin: see <b class="b3">γλῶχ-ες</b><br />Etymology: Prop. "with point", <b class="b3">ια-</b>derivation from <b class="b3">γλῶχ-ες</b>, q.v. Ion. <b class="b3">γλάσσα</b> prob. from a paradigm <b class="b3">*γλωχ-</b>, <b class="b3">*γλαχ-</b> which is explained as nom. <b class="b2">*glogʰ-s</b>, gen. <b class="b2">*gl̥gʰ-ós</b>. (Beekes, Devel. 246. - The old word for [[tongue]] was <b class="b2">*dn̥ǵʰuH-</b> (Lat. [[lingua]]), Pok. 223).