ζῆλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ου, ὁ, later εος, τό, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Phil.</span>3.6</span> codd. opt.; Dor. ζᾶλος <span class="title">IG</span>12 (5).891, etc.:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[jealousy]] (= <b class="b3">φθόνος</b>), <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>195</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1526</span>: coupled with <b class="b3">φθόνος</b> by <span class="bibl">Democr.191</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.2.48</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>47e</span>, <span class="bibl">50c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 679c</span>(pl.); εἰς ζῆλον ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>550e</span>: more usu. in good sense, [[eager rivalry]], [[emulation]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mx.</span>242a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1388a30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. pers., <b class="b2">zeal for</b> one, ξυναίμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>943</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ ζῆλον Ἡρακλέους</b> in [[emulation]] of him, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Thes.</span>25</span>; ζ. πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>57</span>: abs., [[passion]], PGrenf.1.1.13 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. rei, <b class="b3">ζῆλον… γάμων ἔχουσα</b> causing [[rivalry]] for my hand, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>352</span>; ζ. ἀζήλων καὶ φόβον ἀφόβων <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Oec.</span>p.66J.</span>; <b class="b3">ζ. τῶν ἀρίστων</b> <b class="b2">emulous desire</b> for... opp. <b class="b3">φυγὴ τῶν χειρόνων</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Ind.</span>17</span>; ἀνδραγαθίας <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>4</span>; so ζ. πρός τι Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.53S., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>2</span>; ζ. περὶ τὰ στρατιωτικά <span class="bibl">Str.14.2.27</span>: pl., [[ambitions]], Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.54S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[fervour]], [[zeal]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ki.</span>19.31</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>14.1</span>,al.; [[indignation]], ζ. πυρός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>10.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> personified as son of Styx, brother of <b class="b3">Βία, Κράτος, Νίκη</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span> 384</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[pride]], [[honour]], [[glory]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>503</span>; ζ. καὶ χαρά <span class="bibl">D.18.217</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει ζῆλον ὁ στέφανος</b>, ib.120; ζῆλον καὶ τιμὴν φέρει τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">Id.23.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.273</span>, <span class="bibl">60.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[spirit]], τῆς πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Plb.4.27.8</span>: pl., [[tastes]], [[interests]], <b class="b3">τοῖς ἀπὸ διαφόρων ἐπιτηδευμάτων, βίων, ζήλων, ἡλικιῶν</b>, Longin.7.4. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> esp. in Lit. Crit., [[style]], τοῦ Ἀσιανοῦ λεγομένου ζήλου <span class="bibl">Str.14.1.41</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>2</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[zeal]], [[emulation]], [[jealousy]] (Hes. Op. 195).<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">ζᾶλος</b> (late also n.; cf. <b class="b3">ὄνειδος</b>, <b class="b3">μῖσος</b> a. o.; s. Schwyzer 521, Schwyzer-Debrunner 38)<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ζηλό-τυπος</b> <b class="b2">formed by zeal, jealous</b> with <b class="b3">-τυπέω</b>, <b class="b3">-τυπία</b> (Att.); often as 2. member, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακό-ζηλος</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">Πολύ-ζαλος</b> PN.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ζηλήμων</b> [[jealous]] (ε 118, Call., Opp.; after the adj. in <b class="b3">-ήμων</b>, s. Chantraine Form.173; diff. Specht KZ 59, 51) with <b class="b3">ζηλημοσύνη</b> (Q. S.); <b class="b3">ζηλαῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP); <b class="b3">ζηλοσύνη</b> = <b class="b3">ζῆλος</b> (h. Ap. 100; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 227); <b class="b3">ζήλη</b> f. <b class="b2">female rival</b> (X. Eph. 2, 112, Aristaenet. 1, 25 codd.). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ζηλόω</b> [[vie with]], [[emulate]] (IA since Hes. Op. 23) with <b class="b3">ζήλωσις</b> [[emulation]], [[jealousy]] (Th.), <b class="b3">ζήλωμα</b> [[emulation]], [[happiness]] (E., D.), <b class="b3">ζηλωτής</b> [[emulator]], [[admirer]], "zealot" (Att., hell.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> [[emulating]] (Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">ζαλέω</b> <b class="b2">be sealous for</b> (Delphi Ia); 3. <b class="b3">ζηλεύω</b> = <b class="b3">ζηλόω</b> (Demokr. 55 [v. l.], Simp. in Epikt. [VIp]), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> (Eust.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [506] <b class="b2">*ieh₂-</b> [[be excited]], [[revenge]]<br />Etymology: Perh. to [[ζητέω]], s. v.), [[δίζημαι]] (s. v.); uncertain. Several hypotheses in Bq, and Pok. 501.