κεντέω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[sting]] (Pi.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">κένσαι</b> (Ψ 337), <b class="b3">κεντῆσαι</b> (Hp., <b class="b3">κέντασα</b> Theoc. 19, 1), pass. <b class="b3">κεντηθῆναι</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">κεντηθήσομαι</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">κεντήσω</b> (S.), <b class="b3">κεκέντημαι</b> (Hp.),<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">κένσαι</b> for <b class="b3">*κέντ-σαι</b> (Schwyzer 287) points to <b class="b3">κεντ-</b> (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave <b class="b3">κεσ-</b>. Thus <b class="b3">κεσ-τός</b> (< <b class="b3">*κεντ-τός</b>) [[stitched]] (ep.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 17); <b class="b3">κέσ-τρον</b> <b class="b2">pointed iron </b> (Plin.) with <b class="b3">κεστρωτός</b> and <b class="b3">κέστρωσις</b> (H.; <b class="b3">*κεστρόω</b>), <b class="b3">κέσ-τρος</b> <b class="b2">kind of arrow etc.</b> (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. <b class="b3">κεστρίον</b> (Attica) and <b class="b3">κέστρειον</b> <b class="b2">stock of arrows (?)</b> (Delos IIIa); <b class="b3">κέσ-τρα</b> f. [[sharp hammer]], [[arrow]] (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = <b class="b3">σφύραινα</b> (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here <b class="b3">κεστρεύς</b> [[mullet]] (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 51) and <b class="b3">κεστρῖνος</b>, <b class="b3">-ινίσκος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after <b class="b3">κεντ-έω</b> (not with <b class="b3">ρο-</b>suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose <b class="b3">κέντρον</b> [[sting]], as geometrical term. techn. <b class="b2">resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel</b> (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. <b class="b3">κεντρ-ηνεκής</b> <b class="b2">driven by the sting</b> (Il.; cf. with diff. function <b class="b3">δουρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ποδ-ηνεκής</b>); subst. <b class="b3">κέντρων</b> s. v.; adj. like <b class="b3">κεντρικός</b>, <b class="b3">κεντρώδης</b>, <b class="b3">κεντρήεις</b>; fish- and plant names as <b class="b3">κεντρίνης</b>, <b class="b3">κεντρίσκος</b>, <b class="b3">κεντρίτης</b> (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 83, 111); denomin. verbs <b class="b3">κεντρόω</b> <b class="b2">with a sting, sting</b> (IA), <b class="b3">κεντρίζω</b> [[sting]] (X.); from <b class="b3">κέντρον</b> as backformation <b class="b3">κέντωρ</b> m. [[goader]], [[driver]] (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From <b class="b3">κεντέω</b> (<b class="b3">κεντῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σω</b>): <b class="b3">κέντημα</b> <b class="b2">the sting, the mosaic</b> (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), <b class="b3">κεντητής</b> <b class="b2">mosaic-worker</b> (Edict. Diocl.), <b class="b3">κεντητήριον</b> [[picker]] (Luc.), <b class="b3">κεντητικός</b> [[stingy]] (Thphr.), <b class="b3">κεντητός</b> [[stitched]], [[with mosaic]] (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut <b class="b3">κοντός</b> m. "the stinger", <b class="b2">pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle</b> (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. [[contus]] with [[percontor]]) with <b class="b3">κοντά-κιον</b>, <b class="b3">-άριον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίλος</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> a. o.; here <b class="b3">κοντός</b> [[short]] (Adam.) from <b class="b3">κοντο-μάχος</b>, <b class="b3">-βόλος</b>, <b class="b3">-βολέω</b>, where <b class="b3">κοντός</b> was taken as [[short]]; thus in <b class="b3">κοντο-πορεία</b> (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] <b class="b2">*ḱent-</b> [[sting]]<br />Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist <b class="b3">κένσαι</b> < <b class="b3">*κέντ-σαι</b> was after unknown example a present <b class="b3">κεντ-έω</b> created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came <b class="b3">κεντῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">κεντή-σω</b> etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG [[hantag]] [[pointed]], deriv. from PGm. <b class="b2">*handa-</b> (formally = <b class="b3">κοντός</b>), Latv. [[sīts]] <b class="b2">hunting spear</b> (= Lith. <b class="b2">*šiñtas</b> < IE. <b class="b2">*ḱentos-</b> n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. [[kentr]] [[spur]], Welsh [[cethr]] [[nail]], but these are all prob. loans from Lat. [[centrum]] . - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.