κτίζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Emp.23.6</span>, etc.: fut. -ίσω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1060</span>: aor. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔκτῐσα <span class="bibl">Od.11.263</span>, etc.; poet. ἔκτισσα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.62</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>289</span> (lyr.), κτίσσα <span class="bibl">Il.20.216</span>, κτίσα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.89</span>: pf. ἔκτῐκα <span class="title">Lyr.Alex.Adesp.</span>1.8, <span class="bibl">D.S.7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">15.13</span>:— Med., poet.aor. ἐκτίσσατο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>1.4</span> (<b class="b3">ἐκτής</b>- codd.):— Pass., fut. κτισθήσομαι Str.<span class="title">Chr.</span>5.38, <span class="bibl">D.H.1.56</span>: aor. ἐκτίσθην <span class="bibl">Th.1.12</span>, etc.: pf. ἔκτισμαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>45</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>360.9</span>:—[[people]] a country, <b class="b2">build houses and cities in</b> it, <b class="b3">κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην</b> Il.l.c.; <b class="b3">κ. χώρην, νῆσον</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.149</span>, <span class="bibl">3.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of a city, [[found]], [[build]], <b class="b3">Θήβης ἕδος ἔκτισαν</b> Od.l.c., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.167</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>169</span> (iii B.C.); ἀποικίαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>815</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be founded</b>, <b class="b3">Σμύρνην τὴν ἀπὸ Κολοφῶνος κτισθεῖσαν</b> [[founded by emigrants from]] Colophon, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.16</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">7.153</span>, <span class="bibl">8.62</span>; <b class="b3">μήτε ἄστεα μήτε τείχεα ἐκτισμένα</b> no [[fixed]] cities or walls, <span class="bibl">Id.4.46</span>; -ομένη πόλις Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.155 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἄλσος</b> [[plant]] a grove, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.89</span>; <b class="b3">βωμόν</b> <b class="b2">set up</b> an altar, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>7.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἑορτάν, ἀγῶνα</b>, [[found]], [[establish]] it, ib.<span class="bibl">6.69</span>, <span class="bibl">10(11).25</span> (Med.); <b class="b3">τὸν Κύρνον… κτίσαι, ἥρων ἐόντα</b> [[establish]] his worship, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.167</span>; δαῖτάς τινι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>484</span> (Pass.); τάφον τινί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1101</span>; αἵρεσιν Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.77 S.; σύνοδον <span class="title">IG</span>22.1343.12 (i B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">produce, create, bring into being</b>, γόνῳ τινά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>172</span> (lyr.); <b class="b2">bring about</b>, <b class="b3">τελευτήν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">140</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>441</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὁ τὴν φιλίην ἐκτικώς</b> <span class="title">Lyr.Alex.Adesp.</span> l.c.; of painters, <b class="b3">δένδρεα… καὶ ἀνέρας ἠδὲ γυναῖκας</b> Emp.l.c.; <b class="b3">ἵπποισι τὸν χαλινὸν κτίσας</b> <b class="b2">having invented</b> it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>715</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[make]] so and so, ἐλεύθερον κ. τινά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1060</span>; ἔνθεον κτίσας φρένα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">714</span>; ποτανὰν εἴ σέ τις θεῶν κτίσαι <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>620</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>289</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[perpetrate]] a deed, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 898</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[kséti]] 'reside', [[kṣitís]] ( = [[κτίσις]]) 'habitation'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">found, lay out, build, create</b> (Emp.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κτισθῆναι</b> (IA.), fut. <b class="b3">κτίσω</b> (A.), perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔκτισμαι</b> (Hdt.), act. <b class="b3">ἔκτικα</b> (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. (<b class="b2">meta-)kitita \/meta-ktitas\/</b>, <b class="b2">koto(i)na</b>) \/[[ktoina]]\/.<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κτίσις</b> f. [[foundation]], [[creation]] (Pi., IA.; cf. below), <b class="b3">κτιστύς</b> f. [[foundation]] (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), <b class="b3">κτίσμα</b> [[foundation]], [[colony]], [[building]] (hell.), <b class="b3">κτισμός</b> [[foundation]] (Asia Minor., Empire); - <b class="b3">κτίστωρ</b> [[founder]] (Pi., E.), <b class="b3">κτιστήρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Corinth, IVa), f. <b class="b3">κτίστρια</b> (Asia Minor, Empire), <b class="b3">κτίστης</b> [[founder]], [[builder]] (Arist.) with <b class="b3">κτίστιον</b> (<b class="b3">-εῖον</b>) [[temple of a founder]] (pap. IVp), older <b class="b3">συγκτίστης</b> <b class="b2">co-founder</b> (Hdt. 5, 46) ; <b class="b3">κτιστός</b> [[laid out]], [[founded]] (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. <b class="b3">κτιστόν</b> [[building]] (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning [[live]], [[abide]] and thus outside the system: <b class="b3">ἐυ κτίμενος</b> <b class="b2">where you can live well</b> (Hom.); <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ονες</b> pl. <b class="b2">those living around, neighbours</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">ἀμφι-κτί-ονες</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides <b class="b3">-κτύονες</b> (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear <b class="b3">υ</b> (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ται</b> pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (λ 288), after it as simplex <b class="b3">κτί-ται</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. Or. 1621), <b class="b3">κτίτης</b> = <b class="b3">κτίστης</b> (Delph. IIa); <b class="b3">ἐΰ-κτι-τος</b> = <b class="b3">ἐυ κτίμενος</b> (Β 592), <b class="b3">ὀρεί-κτι-τος</b> [[living in the mountains]] (Pi.); but e.g. <b class="b3">θεό-κτι-τος</b> [[founded by the gods]] (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on <b class="b3">κτίστωρ</b>. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. <b class="b3">κτοίνα</b> (also <b class="b3">πτοίνα</b> with unexplained <b class="b3">πτ-</b>) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. <b class="b2">koto(i)na</b>) with <b class="b3">κτοινᾶται</b>, <b class="b3">-έται</b> (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] <b class="b2">*tkei-</b> [[settle]], [[found]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">περι-κτί-ται</b> agrees but for the lengthening <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem Skt. <b class="b2">pari-kṣí-t-</b>'living round about', with (<b class="b3">ἐΰ)-κτιτος</b> Av. (<b class="b2">ana)-šita-</b> [[uninhabited]]. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. <b class="b2">kṣé-ti</b>, pl. <b class="b2">kṣi-y-ánti</b> (= Myc. <b class="b2">ki-ti-je-si</b> [trans.]) - Av. [[šaēiti]], [[šyeinti]] [[live]]. An agreeing athematic ptc. is <b class="b3">κτί-μενος</b>. The transitive-causative meaning <b class="b2">make as living, found</b>, which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b>, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in <b class="b3">κτί-μενος</b>), like <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-σα</b> to <b class="b3">ἔ-στη-ν</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἵστημι</b>). To <b class="b3">κτίσ(σ)αι</b> arose <b class="b3">κτίζω</b>, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). <b class="b3">κτί-σις</b> too has an exact parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">kṣi-tí-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">ši-ti-</b> <b class="b2">living (place)</b>, but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to <b class="b3">κτίζω</b> suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 95 n. 5). With <b class="b3">κτοίνα</b> agrees, except for the <b class="b2">i-</b>stem, Arm. [[šēn]], gen. [[šini]] <b class="b2">inhabited (place)</b>. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with <b class="b3">κτείνω</b> we now assume <b class="b2">*tkei-</b>. Cf. <b class="b3">κτίλος</b>.