κόπτω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">strike, smite, hew, hammer, disable, tire out</b><br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">κόψαι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κοπῆναι</b> (Att.), perf. <b class="b3">κέκοφα</b> (Att.), ep. ptc. <b class="b3">κεκοπώς</b> (Ν 60 with v. l. <b class="b3">-φώς</b> and <b class="b3">-πών</b>; Aeol.? Schwyzer 772; after Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 397 rather themat. aor.), midd. <b class="b3">κέκομμαι</b> (A.), fut. <b class="b3">κόψω</b> (Alc., Hippon.),<br />Compounds: very often with prefix in several meaning variants, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>.<br />Derivatives: (Classif. not always clear): 1. <b class="b3">κόπος</b> prop. *stroke (so in E. Tr. 794 for trad. <b class="b3">κτύπος</b>?; cf. also A. Ch. 23), [[pain]], [[trouble]], [[labour]] (IA.); with <b class="b3">κοπώδης</b> [[tiring]] (Hp., Arist., hell.), <b class="b3">κοπηρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn.); <b class="b3">κοπόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[get tired]], [[tire]] (J., Plu. usw.) with <b class="b3">κόπωσις</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">κοπάζω</b> <b class="b2">get tired, leave off</b> (Ion. hell.) with <b class="b3">κόπασμα</b> (Tz.), <b class="b3">κοπιάω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>) <b class="b2">get tired</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">κοπιαρός</b> [[tiring]] (Arist., Thphr.), <b class="b3">κοπιάτης</b> <b class="b2">land-labourer, digger</b> (Cod. Theod., Just.), <b class="b3">κοπιώδης</b> = <b class="b3">κοπώδης</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">κοπίαι ἡσυχίαι</b> H. - 2. (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b> etc.)<b class="b3">κοπή</b> <b class="b2">hewing etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">κόπαιον</b> (Alciphr.), <b class="b3">κοπάδιον</b> (Gloss.) [[piece]], <b class="b3">κοπάριον</b> <b class="b2">sort of probe</b> (medic.), (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-)κοπεύς</b> <b class="b2">oilstamper, chisel </b> (hell.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 73). - 3. <b class="b3">κόμμα</b> (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>) <b class="b2">cut in, stamp, part</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">κομμάτιον</b> <b class="b2">small part</b> (Eup.), <b class="b3">κομματίας</b> <b class="b2">who speaks in short sentences</b> (Philostr.), <b class="b3">-ατικός</b> [[consisting of short sentences]] (Luc.); 4. <b class="b3">κομμός</b> <b class="b2">beat the breast, dirge</b> (A., Arist.). - 5. <b class="b3">κόπις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> m. [[prater]] (Heraklit. 81 [?], E. Hec. 132 [lyr.], Lyc.), cf. <b class="b3">ὠτοκοπεῖ κεφαλαλγει</b>, <b class="b3">ἐνοχλεῖ λαλῶν</b> H., <b class="b3">κόπτειν την ἀκρόασιν</b>, <b class="b3">δημο-κόπος</b> = <b class="b3">δημηγόρος</b> (H.) etc. (Persson Beitr. 1, 162f.; s. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 48, v. Wilamowitz Herm. 62, 277f.; diff. on <b class="b3">κόπις</b> Pisani Acme 1, 324); here (or to <b class="b3">κόπος</b>?) <b class="b3">κοπίζειν ψεύδεσθαι</b> H.; 6. <b class="b3">κοπίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. <b class="b2">slaughtering knife, curved sabre</b> (Att.), also name of the meal on the first dayof the Hyacinthies in Sparta (Com.; cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 531) with <b class="b3">κοπίζω</b> <b class="b2">celebrate the K.</b> (Ath.); 7. <b class="b3">κοπάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. [[pruned]], [[lopped]] (Thphr.), [[bush]] (hell. pap.), <b class="b3">ἐπι-κοπ-άς</b> [[land cleared of wood]] (pap.). - 8. <b class="b3">κοπετός</b> = <b class="b3">κομμός</b> (Eup., LXX, Act. Ap.; from <b class="b3">κόπος</b>?; cf. Schwyzer 501 and Chantraine Formation 300). - 9. <b class="b3">πρό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-κοψις</b> etc. from <b class="b3">προ-κόπτειν</b> etc. (Sapph., Hp., Arist.). - 10. <b class="b3">κόπανον</b> [[slaughtering knife]], [[axe]] (A. Ch. 890), [[pestle]] (Eust.), from where <b class="b3">κοπανίζω</b> [[pound]] (LXX, Alex. Trall.) with <b class="b3">κοπανισμός</b>, <b class="b3">κοπανιστήριον</b> H.; <b class="b3">ἐπικόπανον</b> <b class="b2">chopping block</b> (hell.). - 11. <b class="b3">κοπτός</b> [[pounded]] (Cratin., Antiph.; cf. Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 18); <b class="b3">κοπτή</b> (<b class="b3">σησαμίς</b>) [[cake from pounded sesame]] (hell. ep.), [[Meerzwiebel]], [[θαλάσσιον πράσον]] (Ath.; which Fur. 318 A 5 considers as Pre-Greek), [[pastille]] (Dsc.); 12. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-κόπτης</b> [[satirist]] resp. [[stonecutter]] (Timo resp. pap.), <b class="b3">Προκόπτας</b> = <b class="b3">Προκρούστης</b> (B. 18, 28); 13. (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b> usw.)<b class="b3">κοπτικός</b> (medic.) - 14. <b class="b3">κόπτρα</b> pl. [[wages of a hewer]] (Pap.); 15. <b class="b3">κοπτήριον</b> <b class="b2">threshing place</b> (hell. pap.). - 16. Two plant-names: <b class="b3">κοπίσκος</b> = <b class="b3">λίβανος σμιλιωτός</b> (Dsc. 1, 68, 1), <b class="b3">κόπηθρον φυτὸν λαχανῶδες ἄγριον</b> H. - Further verbal nouns like <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπέρ-κοπος</b> etc. and compounds like <b class="b3">δημο-κόπος</b> (cf. 5. above); s. Sturtevant ClassPhil. 3, 435ff.; on <b class="b3">-κόπος</b>, <b class="b3">-κοπῶ</b> in NGr. Hatzidakis Glotta 2, 292f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] ?? [cf. 930] <b class="b2">*kop-</b> [[strike]], [[smite]], [[hew]]<br />Etymology: The present <b class="b3">κόπτω</b> can agree with Lith. <b class="b2">kapiù</b> (inf. <b class="b2">kàpti</b>) [[hew]], [[fell]]; nasal present <b class="b2">kampù</b> (pret. <b class="b2">kapaũ</b>, inf. <b class="b2">kàpti</b>) <b class="b2">be cut down, get tired</b> (cf. <b class="b3">κόπος</b> [[labour]]) and uncharacterized Alb. [[kep]] [[hew]], IE. <b class="b2">*kopō</b> (not <b class="b2">*kapō</b>); (acc. to Mann Lang. 26, 386 from <b class="b2">*kopi̯ō</b>, identical with <b class="b3">κόπτω</b>?). Further the secondary formation Lith. <b class="b2">kapóju</b>, <b class="b2">-óti</b> <b class="b2">hew, split, cut down</b> = Latv. <b class="b2">kapãju</b>, <b class="b2">-ât</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also in Slav., e. g. Russ. <b class="b2">kopájo</b>, <b class="b2">-átь</b> [[hew]], [[dig]]. The relation of these forms to the many words with initial <b class="b2">sk-</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">σκάπτω</b>, <b class="b3">σκέπαρνος</b> (s. vv.), is an unsolved question; cf. Pok. 930ff., and W.-Hofmann s. [[cāpō]]. - If to <b class="b3">σκάπτω</b> etc. the word might be Pre-Greek.