πλείων: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj. (comp.)<br />Meaning: [[more]], [[longer]], [[larger]] (Hom.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πλέων</b>, n. <b class="b3">πλεῖον</b>, <b class="b3">πλέον</b> (Il.), ep. Aeol. pl. also <b class="b3">πλέες</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">πλίες</b> etc. (further forms in Seiler Steigerungsformen 113, Schwyzer 537 n. 6; cf. also bel.); superl. <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b> (Il.) <b class="b2">most, the longset, the greatest</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in the compound <b class="b3">πλεον-εξ-ία</b> f. [[greed]], [[benefitl]], <b class="b3">πλεον-εκτέω</b> with <b class="b3">-έκτημα</b>, <b class="b3">έκτης</b>, <b class="b3">-εκτικός</b> (IA.; from <b class="b3">πλέον ἔχειν</b>, cf. <b class="b3">εὑεξία</b> a.o. s. 1. <b class="b3">ἔχω</b> and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 166); <b class="b3">πλειστό-μβροτος</b> <b class="b2">very rich in people</b> (Pi.).<br />Derivatives: From <b class="b3">πλε(ί)ων</b>, <b class="b3">πλέον</b> : <b class="b3">πλειότης</b> f. [[plurality]] (Theol. Ar.), <b class="b3">πλειονότης</b> f. <b class="b2">the superior length of the chord</b> (Nicom. Harm.); <b class="b3">πλεον-άκις</b> <b class="b2">more often</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-αχός</b>, <b class="b3">-αχῶς</b> <b class="b2">multiple, in multiple ways</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-αχῃ̃</b> <b class="b2">in more respects</b> (Pl.); <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to have an abundance, to be excessive, to grow in number, to increase</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασις</b> (Arist., hell.). Fronm <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b>: <b class="b3">πλειστ-άκις</b> <b class="b2">most often, very often</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-αχόθεν</b> <b class="b2">from the most (very many) places</b> (Ar.), <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">the most (χρόνος), the longest</b> (A. Eu. 763), <b class="b3">-ηρίζομαι</b> approx. <b class="b2">to appoint someone as the highest authority</b> (A. Ch. 1029), <b class="b3">-ηριάζω</b> <b class="b2">to bid the highest price (in auctions), to outbid</b> (Lys., Pl. Com., Them.) with <b class="b3">-ηριασμός ὑπερθεματισμός</b> H.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [798] <b class="b2">*pleh₁-</b> [[full]]<br />Etymology: As basis of the above comp. forms one may posit PGr. <b class="b3">*πλή-</b>[ι̯]<b class="b3">ων</b>, <b class="b3">*πλή-ιστος</b>; from there <b class="b3">πλέων</b>, <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b>; to <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b> analog. <b class="b3">πλείων</b> (cf. also <b class="b3">μείων</b>). The seemingly archaic <b class="b3">πλέες</b>, <b class="b3">πλίες</b> (s. on them Schwyzer 537 n. 6 w. rich lit.) are best taken as innovations to <b class="b3">πλέον</b>, pl. <b class="b3">πλέα</b> (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 1f. = Kl. Schr. 214f.). Unclear Att. <b class="b3">πλεῖν</b> = <b class="b3">πλέον</b> and Arc. <b class="b3">πλος</b> (<b class="b3">πλως</b>?) [[plus]], s. Schwyzer l.c. (also n. 1) and Leumann l.c. The sporadic attestations with <b class="b3">η</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">πλῆον</b> (Milete a.e.), <b class="b3">Πλήστ-αρχος</b> (Tegea) can hardly be interpreted as testimonies of older situations (s. Seiler l.c.). -- A corresponding comp. gives Av. <b class="b2">frāyah-</b> [[more]], [[much]], [[many]], Skt. adv. <b class="b2">prāyaḥ</b>. As the superlative originally had zero grade and a zero grade form. has been supposed in Av. [[fraēštǝm]] [[mostly]], OWNo. [[fleistr]] [[most]] (with comp. [[fleiri]]), but it has full grade, IE <b class="b2">*pleh₁-isto-</b>? The stem <b class="b3">πλη-</b> is best seen in [[πίμπλημι]] (s. v.); on the positive [[πολύς]] s. v. -- Details in the above mentioned lit. and in WP. 2, 65 (Pok. 798), W.-Hofmann s. [[plūs]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">prāyaḥ</b>.