πλείων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=πλέων, ὁ, ἡ, neut. <b class="b3">πλεῖον, πλέον, πλεῖν</b>, Comp. of <b class="b3">πολύς</b> (on the forms v. sub fin.), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[more]], of number, size, extent, etc., οἱ δὲ μάχονται παυρότεροι πλεόνεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.13.739</span>; πλείων μὲν πλεόνων μελέτη <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>380</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν</b> govern for the interest of <b class="b2">the majority</b>, <span class="bibl">Th. 2.37</span>; <b class="b3">πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν</b> [[greater]] than... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.21</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν πλείω λόγον</b> all [[further]] speech, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>731</span>; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων καὶ πλείων ἐπέρρει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.39</span>; <b class="b3">πλείω τὸν πλοῦν… ποιησάμενοι</b> having made the voyage [[longer]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.39</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ π. βίος</b> a [[longer]] life, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75c</span>; μακροτέρα καὶ π. ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>435d</span>, etc.; of Time, [[longer]], π. χρόνος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.111</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>74</span>; πλέων νὺξ τῶν δύο μοιράων <span class="bibl">Il.10.252</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Art., <b class="b3">οἱ πλέονες</b> <b class="b2">the greater number, the mass</b> or [[crowd]], <span class="bibl">5.673</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.277</span>; οἱ πλεῦνες <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.106</span>, etc.: c. gen., <b class="b3">τὰς πλεῦνας τῶν γυναικῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1</span>; <b class="b2">the people</b>, opp. the chief men, <span class="bibl">Id.7.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.73</span>, <span class="bibl">89</span>, etc.; euphem. of the dead, ἀνεστηκυῖα παρὰ τῶν πλειόνων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>1073</span>; εὖτ' ἂν ἵκηαι ἐς πλεόνων <span class="title">AP</span>11.42 (Crin.); <b class="b3">ἐς πλεόνων μετοικεσίην</b> ib. <span class="bibl">7.731</span> (Leon.); <b class="b3">τὸ πλεῖον πολέμοιο</b> <b class="b2">the greater part</b> of... <span class="bibl">Il.1.165</span>; <b class="b3">ὅστις τοῦ πλέονος μέρους χρῄζει</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τοῦ μετρίου</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1211</span> (lyr.); τοῦ πλέονος ἐλπίδι ὀρέγονται <span class="bibl">Th.4.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">92</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> pecul. usages of neut.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> as a Noun, [[more]], πλεῦν ἔτι τούτου <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.19</span>, etc.; εἴ τι ἐνορῶ πλέον <span class="bibl">Id.1.89</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ δὲ π</b>. nay, what is [[more]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>158</span> (Musgr. for <b class="b3">τί δὲ…</b>); to a [[greater]] extent, <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>, <span class="bibl">7.57</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πλέον</b> or <b class="b3">τὸ πλέον τινός</b> <b class="b2">a higher degree</b> of a thing, τίς πλέον τᾶς εὐδαιμονίας φέρει; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1189</span> (lyr.); τὸ π. τοῦ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Th.1.118</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">τὸ π. ὃ ἀναφέρει</b> the [[excess]] which he reports, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>661</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ᾧ πλεῖον</b> the [[excess]], prob. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.42</span> (iii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>742.26</span> (iii B. C.); <b class="b3">πλέον ἔχειν</b> to have <b class="b2">the advantage</b>, have <b class="b2">the best</b> of it, like [[πλεονεκτέω]], c. gen., <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>343d</span>, <span class="bibl">349b</span>, etc.; τὸ π. πάντων ἔχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.18</span>: more fully, μοίρης πλεῖον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Thgn.606</span>; π. τινὸς φέρεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.29</span>; π. φέρεσθαι τῶν ἄλλων <span class="bibl">And.4.4</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ποιεῖν</b> <b class="b2">do some good, be successful</b>, βουλοίμην ἂν πλέον τί με ποιῆσαι ἀπολογούμενον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>19a</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν π. ποιήσειν, -ῆσαι</b>, <span class="bibl">And.1.149</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 115c</span>, etc.; παραινοῦσ' οὐδὲν ἐς π. ποιῶ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>918</span>; οὐδὲν π. ὀψοφαγῶν ποιήσεις <span class="bibl">Ath.8.344b</span>; οὐδὲν εἴργασμαι π. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>284</span>; οὐδὲν π. πρᾶξαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>1373</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.20</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἐπίσταμαι π</b>. have no [[superior]] knowledge, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161b</span>; <b class="b3">τί πλέον;</b> what [[more]], i.e. what [[good]] or [[use]] is it? <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.95</span>, etc.; τί π. πλουτεῖν… πάντων ἀποροῦντας; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>531</span>; τί σοι π. λυπουμένῃ γένοιτ' ἄν; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>322</span>; τί π. ἔστ' εἰς τέκνα πονεῖν; <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>1.567.1 (Karanis, iii B.C.), cf. <span class="title">AP</span>7.261.1 (Diotim.); also οὐδὲν ἦν π. τοῖς πεπονθόσιν <span class="bibl">Lys.19.4</span> (= <span class="bibl">And.1.7</span>), cf. <span class="bibl">D.35.31</span>; ὧν οὐδέν μοι π. γέγονε <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.28</span>; οὐδέν γέ σοι π. ἔσται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>341a</span>; τί τὸ π.; <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>306[[a]].3; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πλέον</b> as Adv., <b class="b2">more, further</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.171</span>, <span class="bibl">5.51</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>261b</span>, etc.: c. gen., [[beyond]], ἐπὶ π. τῶν ἄλλων ἰσχύσας <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span> (but, ἐπὶ τὸ π. ἵκεο μοίσας <b class="b2">to surpassing height in…</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.20</span>); also ὅταν τις ἐς π. πέσῃ τοῦ θέλοντος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1219</span> codd. (lyr.); <b class="b3">περὶ πλείονος ποιεῖσθαι</b>, v. [[περί]] A. IV. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> as Adv., <b class="b2">more, rather</b>, <b class="b3">π. ἔφερέ οἱ ἡ γνώμη κατεργάσεσθαι τὴν Ἑλλάδα</b> he inclined [[rather]] to the belief... <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.100</span>; οὐ τοῦτο δειμαίνεις π.; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>41</span>; σέ… τῶνδ' ἐς πλέον σέβω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>700</span>; ἢ π. ἢ ἔλαττον <span class="bibl">D.18.125</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἔλαττον</b> [[more]] or less, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>402.9</span> (vi A. D.), <span class="title">IG</span>14.177 (Syracuse); also <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>., Ion. <b class="b3">τὸ πλεῦν</b>, <b class="b2">for the most part</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.81</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτῆς τὸ π. μέτοχός εἰμι</b> have <b class="b2">the larger</b> share, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.52</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>., = [[μᾶλλον, οὐ χάριτι τὸ π. ἢ φόβῳ]] <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.37</span>; <b class="b3">ἐστὶν ὁ πόλεμος οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ π., ἀλλὰ δαπάνης</b> not <b class="b2">so much... as…</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.83</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> with Numerals, τοξότας π. ἢ εἴκοσι μυριάδας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.6</span>; οἶκος πλέον ἢ τεττάρων ταλάντων <span class="bibl">Is.10.23</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πλέον ἢ διακοσίοις ἔτεσι</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">D.24.141</span> (fort. <b class="b3">πλεῖν</b>, v. infr.); π. ἢ ἐν διπλασίῳ χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>21.3</span>:—in this sense a short form <b class="b3">πλεῖν</b> is used by Att. writers (cf. Moer.<span class="bibl">p.294</span> P., but the rule is not universal, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>22.657.25 (iii B. C.), etc.), πλεῖν ἢ τριάκονθ' ἡμέρας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>858</span>; <b class="b3">πλεῖν ἢ χιλίας</b> (sc. <b class="b3">δραχμάς</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 444</span>; στάδια πλεῖν ἢ χίλια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1041</span>, <span class="bibl">1065</span>, al.; πλεῖν ἤ γε διπλοῦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>589</span>; πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ πρεσβύτερος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">91</span>; <b class="b3">πλεῖν</b> (<b class="b3">πλεῖον</b> codd.) ἢ πέντε τάλαντα <span class="bibl">D.21.173</span>; πλεῖν ἢ δυοῖν ποδοῖν <span class="bibl">Eub.119.10</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ</b> is freq. omitted, πλεῖν ἑξακοσίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1251</span>; <b class="b3">ἔτη γεγονὼς πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>; but <b class="b3">δέκα πλείοσιν ἔτεσι</b> for ten years [[more]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>932c</span>; τρεῖς μῆνας καὶ πλείω <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.16</span>; λίθους… ὅσον μνααίους καὶ πλεῖον καὶ μεῖον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.16</span>: with number in gen., κώμας… οὐ πλεῖον εἴκοσι σταδίων ἀπεχούσας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.3.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> Com., <b class="b3">πλεῖν ἢ μαίνομαι</b> <b class="b2">more than to</b> madness, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>103</span>,<span class="bibl">751</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> pl. <b class="b3">πλείω</b> used like [[πλέον]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>417b</span>, <span class="bibl">D. 23.213</span>, etc.; τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Th.1.81</span>; πλέω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>868</span> codd. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> regul. Adv. πλειόνως <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.7.4</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> FORMS: Ep. use <b class="b3">πλείων</b> or <b class="b3">πλέων</b> as metre requires, also nom. and acc. pl. <b class="b3">πλέες, πλέᾰς</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.129</span>, <span class="bibl">11.395</span>, Call.<span class="title">Aet.Oxy.</span>2080.85 (so, with ι from ε, Cret. <b class="b3">πλίες, πλίας</b>, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.18,24, <span class="title">GDI</span>5125 <span class="title">B</span>8, also <b class="b3">πλίαδ</b> (δὲ) <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.29, <b class="b3">πλίανς</b> ib.5.54; <b class="b3">πλέας</b> also Aeol., <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).1.9 (Mytil., iv B. C.)); dat. pl. πλεόνεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.13.739</span> (<b class="b3">πλεόνεσιν</b> is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.224</span>); Cret. also acc. sg. neut. πλίον <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.37, al., gen. <b class="b3">πλίονος</b> ib.2.39, al., neut. pl. <b class="b3">πλίονα</b> ib.4.51, <b class="b3">πλία</b> ib.10.17; Aeol. πλήων Hdn.Gr.2.431, also late Dor., <span class="title">IPE</span>12.79.18 (Byzant., i A. D.); Att. Inscrr. have <b class="b3">-ει-</b> always before <b class="b3">-ου-</b> and <b class="b3">-ω-</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.7, 22.657.25, 2498.22, etc., but <b class="b3">-ε-</b> and <b class="b3">-ει-</b> before <b class="b3">-ο-</b>, ib.12.94.33,40.3,4, 22.2670.4 (but always <b class="b3">πλέον</b>).</span>