κάρα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[head]] (trag., Cratin., Eup.),<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">κάρη</b> (ep.)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">ka-ra-a-pi</b> instr. pl. \/[[karaatphi]]\/<br />Derivatives: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρα-τομέω</b> [[behead]] (E., J.) with <b class="b3">καράτομος</b> [[beheaded]] (S., E.), seeming basis <b class="b3">καρατόμος</b> [[beheading]] (Lyc.), cf. on <b class="b3">δειροτομέω</b> s. [[δέρη]]; <b class="b3">καρηβαρέω</b> (<b class="b3">-άω</b>) <b class="b2">feel heavy in the head, be sleepy, have headache</b> with <b class="b3">καρηβαρία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> etc. (Hp., Arist.); from there Lat. [[caribaria]] > Fr. [[charivari]], W.-Hofmann 1, 854; on <b class="b3">καραδοκέω</b> s. v. Cf. [[κράσπεδον]], [[κρησφύγετον]], [[κρήδεμνον]]. - Other forms: A. recent analogical formations to <b class="b3">κάρα</b>, <b class="b3">κάρη</b>: dat. <b class="b3">τῳ̃ κάρᾳ</b> (A., S.), <b class="b3">κάρῃ</b> (Thgn.); <b class="b3">κάρης</b>, <b class="b3">-ην</b> (Call., Nic.), <b class="b3">κάραν</b> (Anacreont.). B. Older disyll. forms: ep. <b class="b3">καρή-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">-ατι</b>, pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>; also <b class="b3">κάρη-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b>; to <b class="b3">καρήατα</b> new nom. sg. <b class="b3">κάρηαρ</b> (Antim.). C. monosyll. forms: <b class="b3">κρά-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">-ατι</b>, pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>; usual. (also trag.) <b class="b3">κρατός</b>, <b class="b3">-τί</b>, pl. <b class="b3">κρᾶ-τα</b> (Pi. Fr. 8); further isolated forms: <b class="b3">κράτεσφι</b> (Κ 156; prob. sg.), <b class="b3">κράτων</b> (χ 309), <b class="b3">κρασίν</b> (Κ 152), <b class="b3">κρᾶτας</b> (E.); <b class="b3">κρᾶτα</b> as acc. sg. (θ 92, trag.), as nom. sg. (S. Ph. 1457); new nom. sg. <b class="b3">κράς</b> (Simm. 4). D. <b class="b3">κάρα</b> (antevoc.) as nom. pl. (h. Cer. 12), <b class="b3">κάρα</b> pl.? (Sannyr. 3). On [[κάρηνα]] s. v.; and s. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] <b class="b2">*ḱrh₂-(e)s-n-</b> [[head]]<br />Etymology: From the oblique forms of the Skt. word for [[head]], e. g. gen. sg. <b class="b2">śīrṣṇ-ás</b> with the adverbial ablativ <b class="b2">śīrṣa-tás</b> ([[a]] < <b class="b2">n̥</b>), which represent a with [[n]] enlarged monosyll. zero grade (<b class="b2">śirṣ-n-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂-s-n-</b>) from the disyll. nom.-acc. <b class="b2">śíras-</b> (Av. <b class="b2">sarah-</b>, < <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂-os</b>), it appears that <b class="b3">κράατος</b> represents an original <b class="b3">*κράσα-τος</b> < (<b class="b2">ḱr̥h₂s-n̥tos</b>); through contraction this gave <b class="b3">κρατός</b> (acc. to Zenodot. <b class="b3">κρητός</b>). The antevocalic form <b class="b3">κρασν-</b> lives on in <b class="b3">κραν-ίον</b> (s. v.). The explanation of the Greek disyll. forms has to start from plur. <b class="b3">κάρηνα</b> < <b class="b3">*καρασν-α</b> (< <b class="b2">*ḱrh₂-es-n-</b>), to which the singular forms <b class="b3">καρήατος</b>, <b class="b3">-ατι</b> were made from <b class="b3">*καρασα-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b> (with metr. lengthening and <b class="b3">η</b> for <b class="b3">α</b> after <b class="b3">κάρηνα</b>), if not innovated to <b class="b3">κάρη</b>. This form may go back to an analogical <b class="b3">*κάρασ-α</b> (like <b class="b3">ὄνομα</b>); to <b class="b3">κάρη</b> were made <b class="b3">κάρη-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b>. - Beside these old <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem there are isolated <b class="b3">σ-</b>less forms: <b class="b3">ἐπὶ κάρ</b> [[on its head]], <b class="b3">ἔγ-καρ-ος</b>, <b class="b3">ἴγκρος ἐγκέφαλος</b> and <b class="b3">κατὰ</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπὸ</b>) <b class="b3">κρῆ-θεν</b> [[from the head down]] (Hom., Hes.), <b class="b3">κρή-δεμνον</b> <b class="b2">head-band</b>. The explanation is discussed: <b class="b3">κατὰ κρῆθεν</b> (from where <b class="b3">ἀπὸ κρῆθεν</b>) may stand for <b class="b3">κατ</b>' <b class="b3">ἄκρηθεν</b> (s. esp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff., but this seems unncessary); <b class="b3">ἔγκαρος</b> has been taken as learned innovation to <b class="b3">κάρη</b> after <b class="b3">κεφαλή</b> : <b class="b3">ἐγκέφαλος</b>; on [[κρήδεμνον]] s. s. v. An <b class="b3">σ-</b>less <b class="b3">κάρ</b> is supported by Arm. [[sar]] [[hight]], [[top]] (idg. <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂r-o-</b>). Very extensive treatment by A.J. Nussbaum, Head and Horn 1986 (rev. Beekes, Kratylos 34 (989)55-59). - S. Schwyzer 583 (diff. on <b class="b3">κάρη</b>; Pok. 574f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 230f., 242, Leumann Hom. Wörter 159, Egli Heteroklisie 31f., 87ff. - Cf. further 1. <b class="b3">καρόω</b>, <b class="b3">καρώ</b>, <b class="b3">καρωτόν</b>; <b class="b3">κέρας</b>, <b class="b3">κράνος</b>, <b class="b3">κριός</b>.<br />Meaning: <b class="b3">αιξ ἥμερος Πολυρρήνιοι ὑπὸ Γορτυνίων</b>...<b class="b3">ἄλλοι δε ἡ συκῆ</b>. <b class="b3">Ἴωνες τὰ πρόβατα</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ την κεφαλήν</b> H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Partly corrupt gloss, s. Latte. The meaning <b class="b3">αιξ</b> seems confirmed by <b class="b3">καρανώ</b>, s.s.v. <b class="b3">κάρηνα</b>.