στάθμη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[carpenter's line]] or [[rule]], ξέσσε δ' ἐπισταμένως <b class="b3">καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν [δοῦρα</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.5.245</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">23.197</span>; [<b class="b3">πελέκεας] ἐπὶ σ. ἴθ</b>. <span class="bibl">21.121</span>; also στάθμη δόρυ νήϊον ἐξιθύνει <span class="bibl">Il.15.410</span>; τόρνου καὶ στάθμης καὶ γνώμονος . . ἰθύτερον <span class="bibl">Thgn.805</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ σ. θεῖναι μίαν</b> on a [[level]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>657a10</span>: prop. <b class="b3">στάθμη</b> was [[the line rubbed with chalk]] or [[red ochre]], being distd. from the rule (κανών) by <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>56c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>10.2</span>; κανόσι καὶ στάθμαις Plu.2.807d, etc.; <b class="b3">λευκὴ σ</b>., v. [[λευκός]] 11.1a: metaph., <b class="b3">ἀτεχνῶς λευκὴ σ. εἰμὶ πρὸς τοὺς καλούς</b> a white [[measuring-line]], i.e. unable to discriminate, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>154b</span>, cf. Plu.2.513f. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">παρὰ στάθμην</b> [[by the rule]], εἶμι παρὰ σ. ὀρθὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Thgn.945</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">543</span>; τέκτονος παρὰ σ. ἰόντος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>474</span>; for <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1045</span> v. [[παρά]] c. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ στάθμην ἵστασθαι</b>, c. gen., [[in a straight line with]], Democr. ap. Plu.2.929c; <b class="b3">κατὰ σ. ἐνόησας</b> you guessed [[aright]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.194</span>; ὡς ἂν ἀπὸ στάθμης <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>23</span>; στάθμῃ <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.11</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς στάθμῃ πέτρον τίθεσθαι, μή τι πρὸς πέτρῳ στάθμην</b>, i.e. when facts are obstinate, do not relax your standard, Com.(?) ap.Plu.2.75f(cf. Bergk <span class="title">PLG</span>3.740); <b class="b3">στάθμα πατρῴα</b> perh. the [[measure]] [of piety] towards his father, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>6.45</span>; <b class="b3">στάθμας ἑλκόμενοι περισσᾶς</b> perh. straining at an over-exact [[measure]], ib.<span class="bibl">2.90</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[verification]], [[certification]], <b class="b3">τὰς σ. τῶν μέτρων ἀπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου ποιεῖσθαι</b> prob. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.88</span> (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[plummet]] or [[plumbline]], μολιβαχθής <span class="title">AP</span>6.103 (Phil.); <b class="b3">ῥιπτεῖσθαι ἄνω κατὰ στάθμην</b> to be thrown perpendicularly upwards, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>296b24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> like [[γραμμή]], <b class="b2">the line which bounds the racecourse, goal</b>, <b class="b3">δραμεῖν ποτὶ στάθμαν</b>, metaph. of man's life, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.7</span>; παρ' οἵαν ἤλθομεν σ. βίου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1514</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[starting point]], 'scratch', στάθμης ὁρμηθέντες ἀπόσσυτοι <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>4.102</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.1023.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., [[law]], [[rule]], ὑπὸ στάθμᾳ νέμεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1.4</span>; <b class="b3">Υλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις</b>, i.e. according to laws of Dorian [[rule]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>1.62</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">δοράτων στάθμαι</b> [[butt-ends]], like [[σαυρωτῆρες]], <span class="bibl">D.S.17.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> 782</span> ([[a]]).<span class="bibl">49</span> (iii B.C.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">directive, carpenter's line, finish-line, -cord, plumbline, rule, norm</b> (O 410).<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ὑποστάθμη</b> ( : <b class="b3">ὑπο- στῆναι</b>) f. [[sediment]], [[lees]], [[foundation]] (Pl., Hp. a. o.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σταθμ-άομαι</b> (Ion. <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>), <b class="b3">-άω</b>, also m. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b2">to measure (by the directive), to estimate, to gauge, to weigh</b> (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b>, <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> (late). 2. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also m. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Sm.). -- <b class="b3">σταθμός</b> m. <b class="b2">location, stable, farmstead, night lodgings, travel stage, day's march; pillar, post, jamb; balance, weight, heaviness</b> (Il.); pl. also <b class="b3">-μά</b> n. (after <b class="b3">τάλαντα</b>, <b class="b3">ζυγά</b>), to which sg. <b class="b3">-όν</b> [[weight]], [[balance]] (IA.), poet. also <b class="b2">homestead, farmstead; jamb etc.</b> (trag. a.o.; Egli Heteroklisie 40f.). Compp., a.g. <b class="b3">σταθμ-οῦχος</b> m. <b class="b2">owner of goods etc.</b> (A. Fr. 226 = 376 M., Antiph., pap. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σταθμος</b> m. [[quartermaster]] (Isoc.), [[military quartered on another]] (pap.; Mayser I : 3, 175); <b class="b3">ναύ-σταθμον</b> n. (Th.), second. <b class="b3">-ος</b> m. (Plb., D.S., Plu.) <b class="b2">anchorage, fleet-station, fleet</b>; prop. subst. adj. like <b class="b3">βού-σταθμον</b> (cf. on <b class="b3">βούτυρον</b>). From this 1. <b class="b3">σταθμ-ίον</b> n. [[balance]], [[weight]] (hell. a. late); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to weighing]] (Gal.); 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[rich in sediment]] (Hp.; cf. <b class="b3">ὑποστάθμη</b>); 4. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a. o. [[to weigh]] with <b class="b3">-ισις</b> f. [[the weighing]], <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[weigher]], <b class="b3">-ιστί</b> [[by weight]], <b class="b3">-ιστικός</b> [[for weighing]] (late); 5. <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">take up or have quarters etc.</b> with <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. (late).<br />Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]<br />Etymology: Details on the meaning of <b class="b3">στάθμη</b> and <b class="b3">σταθμός</b> Jüthner <b class="b3">Ἐπιτύμβιον</b> Swoboda 107ff., Havers Glotta 25, 101ff., Holt Glotta 27, 194, Kieckers IF 38, 209f. On <b class="b3">στάθμη</b> : <b class="b3">σταθμός</b> cf. <b class="b3">δέσμη</b> : <b class="b3">δεσμός</b> and other word-pairs in Porzig Satzinhalte 283 f.; formation as <b class="b3">βα-θμός</b>, Arc. etc. <b class="b3">θε-θμός</b> (s. <b class="b3">θεσμός</b>), <b class="b3">ῥυ-θμός</b> etc. A <b class="b3">θ</b> appears also in <b class="b3">εὑ-σταθής</b> [[standing firm]], [[quiet]] (Ion. hell. a. late since Il.), which has prob. been built on the aor. <b class="b3">ἐστάθην</b> (Risch 75). The synonymous and later attested <b class="b3">σταθερός</b> (A. Fr. 276 = 479 M. etc.) may have been built after the pattern of <b class="b3">ἀ-φαν-ής</b> : <b class="b3">φαν-ερός</b> a. o. Cf. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 513 and Benveniste Origines 193 a. 200f. -- Further s. [[ἵστημι]].