μανθάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.80</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> μᾰθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Thgn.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.1.31</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>926</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>667</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1527</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>53e</span>, etc.; Dor. <b class="b3">μᾰθεῦμαι</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">Theoc.11.60</span>; late μαθήσω Gal.13.450, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sect.Intr.</span>9</span> (cod. L): aor. ἔμᾰθον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.18</span>, etc.; Ep. ἔμμαθον <span class="bibl">Od.17.226</span>, <b class="b3">μάθον</b> (v. infr.): pf. μεμάθηκα <span class="bibl">Anacr.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.17.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1148</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>9c</span>, etc.: plpf. <b class="b3">ἐμεμαθήκη</b> ib. <span class="bibl">14c</span>; 3sg. ἐμεμαθήκει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>86a</span>; 3pl. μεμαθήκεσαν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>10</span>:—Pass., used by good writers only in pres., as <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>87b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>88b</span>.—Hom. uses only the Ep. aor. forms <b class="b3">μάθον, ἔμμαθες, ἔμμαθε</b>:—[[learn]], esp. [[by study]] (but also, [[by practice]], <span class="bibl">Simon.147</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1103a32</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1049b31</span>, <span class="bibl">980b24</span>; [[by experience]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>251</span> (lyr.), Arist.<span class="title">AP</span>0.81a40), thrice in Hom., ἔργα κακά <span class="bibl">Od.17.226</span>,<span class="bibl">18.362</span>: c. inf., μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλός <span class="bibl">Il.6.444</span>: freq. later, οὐδὲ μαθόντες γινώσκουσιν <span class="bibl">Heraclit.17</span>; ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡβᾷ τοῖς γέρουσιν εὖ μαθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 584</span>; <b class="b3">ταλάντου τοῦτ' ἔμαθεν</b> [[for]] a talent, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>876</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ μανθάνοντες</b> [[learners]], [[pupils]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.17</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τὰ Ὁμήρου ἔπη</b> [[learn by heart]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>3.5</span>; μ. βέμβικα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1461</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τί τινος</b> [[learn]] from... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>701</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>575</span>, etc.: with Preps., <b class="b3">ἐσθλῶν ἄπ' ἐσθλὰ μαθήσεαι</b> Thgn.l.c.; <b class="b3">μ. καθ' Ὅμηρον</b> Xenoph.l.c.; τι ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>352</span>; ἐκ ποίων ὀνομάτων μεμαθηκὼς ἦν τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>438a</span>; παρά τινος <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>859</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1012</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παρά τινος ὅτι</b>… <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.67</span>; πρός τινος <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν μάθοιμ' εἰ</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>961</span>: c. inf., [[learn to]]... or [[how to]]... Il. l.c., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.284</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1068</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>667</span>; μ. σεαυτὸν αἰς χύνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Democr.244</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[acquire a habit of]], and in past tenses, to [[be accustomed to]]... c. inf., <span class="bibl">Emp.17.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>10</span>; τοὺς μεμαθηκότας ἀριστᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Acut.</span>28</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μεμαθηκός</b> [[that which is usual]], πρότερον ἢ ὕστερον τοῦ μ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.128</span>; <b class="b3">ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσι</b> [[acquire a habit]] of idleness, &lt;*&gt; <span class="title">Ep.Ti.</span>5.13. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[perceive]], [[remark]], [[notice]], τὸ πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.208</span>; ἀλλήλους μ. ὁπόσοι εἴησαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> freq. c. part., μ. τὴν νέα ἐμβαλοῦσαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.88</span>; ἔμαθον ταῦτα πρησσόμενα <span class="bibl">Id.1.160</span>; ἵνα μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὤν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>62</span>; μὴ μάθῃ μ' ἥκοντα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1113</span>; <b class="b3">μάνθανε ὤν</b> [[know that]] you are, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1342</span>; διαβεβλημένος οὐ μανθάνεις <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.1</span>; εἰ μὴ μανθάνετε κακὰ σπεύδοντες <span class="bibl">Th.6.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> with <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>394b</span>; with <b class="b3">ὡς</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.34</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[understand]] (cf <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>277e</span>), ὡς μάθω σαφέστερον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>767</span>; ὄψ' ἐμάθεθ' ἡμᾶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1345</span>; τὰλεγόμενα <span class="bibl">Lys.10.15</span>, etc.: c. dat. pers., <b class="b3">εἴ μοι μανθάνεις</b> if you [[take]] me, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>394c</span>: freq. in Dialogue, <b class="b3">μανθάνεις</b>; <b class="b2">d'ye see</b>? Answ., <b class="b3">πάνυ μανθάνω</b> [[perfectly]]! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>84d</span>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>174b</span>; εἶεν, μανθάνω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>372e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>117b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">τί μαθών</b>… ; freq. in questions, lit. [[under what persuasion]], [[with what idea]]? hence ironically for [[why on earth]]? <b class="b3">τί δὴ μ. φαίνεις ἄνευ θρυαλλίδος</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>826</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>402</span>, <span class="bibl">1506</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>599</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>908</span>; <b class="b3">τί τοῦτο μ. προσέγραψεν</b>; <span class="bibl">D.20.127</span> (sts. with v.l. [[τί παθών]]; what possessed you to… ? cf. [[πάσχω]]); imitated in later Greek, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Fr.</span>67</span>; also indirectly, [[because]] (with a sense of disapprobation), ὅ τι μαθόντες τοὺς ξένους μὲν λέγετε ποιητὰς σοφούς <span class="bibl">Eup.357</span>; ὅ τι μαθὼν… οὐχ ἡσυχίαν ἦγον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36b</span>; σοὶ εἰς κεφαλήν, ὅ τι μαθών μου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων καταψεύδη τοιοῦτο πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>283e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">299a</span>: even with neut. subject, ὅμως δ' ἂν κακὰ ἦν, ὅ τι μαθόντα χαίρειν ποιεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>353d</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[learn to know]], [[experience]] (Pi.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b> (Il.), fut. <b class="b3">μαθήσομαι</b> (Thgn., Parm.), perf. <b class="b3">μεμάθηκα</b> (Anacr., Xenoph., Emp.).<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Nom. actionis: 1. <b class="b3">μάθη</b> f. [[learning]], [[insight]] (Emp., H.). 2. <b class="b3">μάθος</b> n. [[what is learnt]], [[custom]] (Alc., Hp., A.). 3. <b class="b3">μάθησις</b> = <b class="b3">μάθη</b> (Alcm., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 99 w. n. 1). 4. <b class="b3">μάθημα</b> [[what was learnt]], [[knowledge]], pl. <b class="b2">(mathematical) sciences</b> (IA., hell.) with <b class="b3">μαθη-ματ-ικός</b> [[fond of learning]], [[scientific]], [[mathematic]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), <b class="b3">-ικεύομαι</b> [[argue mathematically]] (Dam.). 5. <b class="b3">μαθημοσύνη</b> [[learning]] (Phryg., Empire; Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 64). Nom. agentis: <b class="b3">μαθη-τής</b> [[disciple]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[like a disciple]] (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">-τικεύομαι</b> (Dem.), <b class="b3">-τεύω</b> <b class="b2">be a disciple, make a d.</b> (NT, Plu.) with <b class="b3">-τεία</b> [[education]] (Timo, D. Chr.), <b class="b3">-τιάω</b> [[want to be a disciple]] (Ar.); f. <b class="b3">-τρίς</b> (Ph.), <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (D.S., Act.Ap. u.a.); <b class="b3">μαθετής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Knossos IIa; after <b class="b3">εὑρετής</b>? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 186).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [730] <b class="b2">*mendʰ-</b> [[direct ones attention on]]<br />Etymology: On the meaning s. B. Snell Ausdrücke 74f., H. Dörrie, Leid und Erfahrung. Die Wort- und Sinnverbindung <b class="b3">παθεῖν</b> -- <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b> im griech. Denken. Mainz 1956. The Greek forms all go back on the zero grade aorist <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b>; full grades could have either <b class="b3">μενθ-ήρη</b> <b class="b3">φροντίς</b>, <b class="b3">μέριμνα</b>' (H., EM) or <b class="b3">προ-μηθ-ής</b> [[design]], [[careful]]. The last is isolated (cf. s. v.); with <b class="b3">μενθ-</b> agrees OHG [[mendī]] [[gladness]] with [[menden]] [[rejoice]], beside zero grade e.g. in Goth. [[mundon sis]] [[look at one]], [[σκοπεῖν]], OWNo. [[munda]] <b class="b2">aim (with a weapon), have a goal</b>. The root has more or less probable representatives in other languages: Alb. [[mund]] [[can]], [[overcome]] (IE <b class="b2">*mn̥dh-</b>); Celt., e.g. Welsh [[mynnu]] [[want]], Lith. <b class="b2">mañdras</b> [[lively]], [[cheerful]], OCS <b class="b2">mǫdrъ</b> <b class="b3">φρόνιμος</b>, <b class="b3">σοφός</b>', all with full grade (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> or <b class="b2">*mondh-</b>). On Skt. <b class="b2">medhā́</b> [[wisdom]], [[insight]], Av. [[mazdā]] [[rememberance]] s. Mayrhofer Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden) 13 (1956), 112 Sp. 2, where with Duchesne-Guillemin a basis <b class="b2">*mn̥sdhā</b> (to <b class="b2">mánas</b> = <b class="b3">μένος</b>) is assumed. - Further forms in WP. 2, 270 f. (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> [[direct ones mind on]]), Pok. 730, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">mañdras</b>, Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">múdryj</b>; there also on the further analysis in <b class="b2">men-dh-</b> (to <b class="b3">μένος</b>).