βασιλεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. έως, Ep. ῆος, Cypr. ῆϝος <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>104,135H.: acc. [[βασιλέα]], contr. <b class="b3">-ῆ</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.220</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>781.24</span> (lyr.): nom. pl. [[βασιλεῖς]], Aeol. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> -ηες <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>6.4</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">-ειες</b> ib. 646a45, al., Ep. <b class="b3">-ῆες</b>, old Att. -ῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>188</span>,<span class="bibl">960</span> (both lyr.), cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">1.430</span>: acc. pl. βασιλέας <span class="title">IG</span>12.115, later [[βασιλεῖς]] ib.2.243, etc.:— [[king]], [[chief]], Hom., etc.: freq. with collat. sense of [[captain]] or [[judge]], <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>202</span>; διοτρεφέες β. <span class="bibl">Il.2.445</span>, etc.; θεῖοι <span class="bibl">Od.4.691</span>, etc.; later, [[hereditary king]], opp. [[τύραννος]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1160b3</span>, etc.; but also of tyrants, as Hiero, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.23</span>; of Gelo, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.161</span>; of Pisistratus, <span class="bibl">Eup.123</span>, cf. Sch. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>: joined with a Subst., βασιλεὺς ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">Il.3.170</span>, etc.; ἀνὴρ β. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>; <b class="b3">ἄναξ β</b>. lord [[king]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">B.17.1</span>: c. gen., β. νεῶν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>114</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">οἰωνῶν β</b>., of the eagle, ibid., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.21</span>: Comp. βασιλεύτερος [[more kingly]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.160</span>,<span class="bibl">392</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.15.533</span>, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.7</span>: Sup. βασιλεύτατος <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of the gods, Ζεὺς θεῶν β. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>886</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.128.2</span>, etc. (in this sense Hom. uses [[ἄναξ]]); as cult title of Zeus, <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.90 (Lebad.), <span class="title">SIG</span>1014.110 (Erythrae), etc. (but <b class="b3">Ζεὺς β</b>., = Ahuramazda, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.21</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>4.20.3</span>); <b class="b3">ὁ μέγας β</b>., of [[God]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>47(48).2</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.107</span>: Sup. βασιλεύτατοι τῶν θεῶν <span class="bibl">Max.Tyr.29.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> as a title of rank, [[prince]], β. εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ἐν… Ἰθάκῃ <span class="bibl">Od.1.394</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.390</span>, etc.; of Cyrus, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 4.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[descendant of a royal house]], esp. in Ionia, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span> 41.3</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλέων οἶκοι</b> 'estates <b class="b2">of the royal house'</b>, name of a district in Chios, Ἀθηνᾶ <span class="bibl">20.168</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[lord]], [[master]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.556</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.47</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> metaph., πόλεμος πάντων β. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.53</span>; νόμος ὁ πάντων β. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> at Athens, [[the second of the nine Archons]], IG12.76, al., <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.6.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285b17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span> 57</span>, etc.; ἡ τοῦ β. στοά <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> title of magistrates in other Greek states, as [[βασιλᾶες]] at Elis, <span class="title">GDI</span>1152, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6 (Mytil.), etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1322b29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> at Rome, <b class="b3">β. τῶν ἱερῶν</b>, = [[rex sacrorum]], <span class="bibl">D.H.5.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.C.54.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> after the Persian war (without Art.), [[the king of Persia]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.174</span>,al.; ἄναξ Ξέρξης β. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">144</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.48</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.141 (<b class="b3">βασιλῆς βασιλέως ὕποχοι μεγάλου</b>, of the Satraps, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">44</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>2.22</span>); less freq. ὁ βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.132</span>,<span class="bibl">137</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1304b13</span>; β. ὁ μέγας <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.188</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of Alexander and his successors, usually with Art., <span class="title">IG</span>22.641,687, <span class="bibl">Men.293</span>,<span class="bibl">340</span>(pl.); Σέλευκος <span class="bibl">Antiph.187</span>; [[Ἀντίγονος]] Alex.III; Πτολεμαῖος <span class="bibl">Id.244</span>; Ὀσυμανδύας βασιλεὺς βασιλέων <span class="bibl">D.S. 1.47</span>; title used by Parthian [[kings]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>38</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.37.6</span>, etc.; by Antony, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>54</span>; of [[God]], Apoc.17.14,19.16. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of the Roman [[emperors]], AP10.25 (Antip. Thess.); β. Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>588.10</span> (i A.D.), etc., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>14.15.14</span>; β. αὐτοκράτωρ <span class="title">IG</span>3.13 (Hadrian), <span class="bibl">Hdn.1.6.5</span>; without Art., <span class="bibl">Paus.10.32.19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of any [[great man]], πένησί τε καὶ βασιλεῦσιν <span class="bibl">Ps.-Phoc.113</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[first]] or [[most distinguished of any class]], Ἡρώδην τὸν β. τῶν λόγων <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VS</span>2.10.1</span>, cf. Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>II; [[winner]] at a game, <span class="bibl">Poll.9.106</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>146a</span>; Stoic [[sage]], μόνος β. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>16</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλέως ἐγκέφαλος</b> 'morsel fit for a king', <span class="bibl">Clearch.5</span>; <b class="b3">β. σῦκα</b>, name of a [[choice]] kind, Philem.Lex. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.76f</span>., cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.6.81</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> = [[συμποσίαρχος]], Plu.2.622a, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sat.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[wren]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>592b27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> [[queen-bee]], ib.<span class="bibl">623b9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>759a20</span>, etc. (The form [[βασιλέα]] is scanned in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.39</span>; codd. [[βασίλεια]].) </span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0436.png Seite 436]] ὁ, βασιλέως, ion. ῆος, acc. βασιλῆ Orak. bei Her. 7, 220 (von βαίνωλαός, Herzog), 1)<b class="b2"> König</b>, Fürst. Hom. behandelt das Wort öfters als adjectiv., indem er nicht nur βασιλεὺς [[ἀνήρ]] verbindet, Iliad. 3, 170, und βασιλεὺς [[ἄναξ]], Odyss. 20, 194, sondern auch einen comparat. [[βασιλεύτερος]] bildet und einen superlat. [[βασιλεύτατος]]: Iliad. 9, 69 Ἀτρείδη, σὺ μὲνἄρχε· σὺ γὰρ βασιλεύτατός ἐσσι; vgl. Hesiod. bei Plutarch. Thes. 16; Iliad. 9, 160 [[καί]] μοι ὑποστήτω, ὅσσον βασιλεύτερός εἰμι; 9, 392 ὁ δ' Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλον ἑλέσθω, ὅς τις οι τ' ἐπέοικε καὶ ὃς βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν; 10, 239 μηδὲ σύ γ' αἰδόμενος σῇσι φρεσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀρείω καλλείπειν, σὺ δὲ χείρον' ὀπάσσεαι αἰδοῖ εἴκων, ἐς γενεὴν ὁρόων, μηδ' εἰ βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν; Odyss. 15, 533 ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἒστι [[γένος]] βασιλεύτερον ἄλλο ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης, ἀλλ' ὑμε'ς καρτεροὶ [[αἰεί]] Der positiv. [[βασιλεύς]] bezeichnet bei Hom. vorzugsweise den, welchen allein man auf Deutsch »den König« nennen würde, d. h. den ersten unter den Häuptlingen u. Großen eines Landes, den Oberkönig; Iliad. 2, 205 οὐ μέν πως πάντες βασιλεύσομεν ἐνθάδ' Ἀχαιοί οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη· εἷς [[κοίρανος]] ἔστω, εἷς [[βασιλεύς]], ᾡ ἔδωκε Κρόνου [[παῖς]] ἀγκυλομήτεω; 1, 277 sagt Nestor, vom Agamemnon redend, zum Achilleus [[μήτε]] σύ, Πηλείδη, ἔθελ' ἐριζέμεναι βασιλῆι [[ἀντιβίην]], ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθ' ὁμοίης [[ἔμμορε]] τιμῆς σκηπτοῦχος [[βασιλεύς]], ᾡ τε.Ζεὺς [[κῦδος]] ἔδωκεν. Aber das Wort bezeichnet auch die Söhne des wirklichen Königs, ferner die Vornehmen aus anderen Geschlechtern, welche Antheil an der Regierung haben, u. endlich die Söhne dieser Großen: Iliad. 4, 96 πᾶσι δέ κε Τρώεσσι [[χάριν]] καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο, ἐκ πάντων δὲ [[μάλιστα]] Ἀλεξάνδρῳ βασιλῆι; Odyss. 8. 390 sagt Alkinoos [[δώδεκα]] γὰρ κατὰ δῆμον ἀριπρεπέες βασιλῆες ἀρχοὶ κραίνουσι, τρισκαιδέκατος δ' ἐγὼ [[αὐτός]]; vgl. 6, 54 τῷ δὲ (dem Alkinoos) [[θύραζε]] ἐρχομένῳ ξύμβλητο μετὰ κλειτοὺς βασιλῆας ἐς βουλήν, ἵνα μιν κάλεον Φαίηκες ἀγαυοί; u. von denselben 7, 49 δήεις δὲ διοτρεφέας βασιλῆας δαίτην δαινυμένους; Odyss. 18, 64 sagt Telemachos ξεινοδόκος μὲν [[ἐγών]], ἐπὶ δ' αἰνεῖτον βασιλῆες, Ἀντίνοός τε καὶ Εὐρύμαχος, vielleicht in dem Sinne gesagt wie Odyss. 4, 629. 21, 187 Antinoos u. Eurymachos ἀρχοὶ μνηστήρων heißen; Ἀντίνοον βασιλῆα Odyss. 24, 179; Odyss. 1, 386 sagt Antinoos zum Telemachos μή σέ γ' ἐν Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα [[Κρονίων]] ποιήσειεν, ὅ τοι γενεῇ πατρώιόν ἐστιν, worauf Telemachos unter Anderm vs. 392 ff erwidert οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακον βασιλευέμεν· αἶψά τέ οἱ δῶ ἀφνειὸν πέλεται καὶ τιμηέστερος [[αὐτός]]. ἀλλ' [[ἤτοι]] βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ ἐν Ἰθάκῃ, νέοι ἠδὲ παλαιοί, τῶν κέν τις τόδ' ἔχῃσιν, ἐπεὶ θάνε [[δῖος]] [[Ὀδυσσεύς]]. Vgl. hiermit Iliad. 20, 84 Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε, ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαί, ἃς Τρώων βασι λεῦσιν ὑπίσχεο οἰνοποτάζων, Ἀχιλῆος [[ἐναντίβιον]] πολεμίζειν, Scholl. Aristonic. βασιλεῖς δὲ καὶ τοὺς κατὰ [[μέρος]] ἄρχοντας λέγει· »[[δώδεκα]] γὰρ βασιλῆες ἀριπρεπέες κατὰ δῆμον (Od. 8, 390)«. Iliad. 18, 556 scheint [[βασιλεύς]] = Hausherr, Gutsbesitzer zu sein, Scholl. <b class="b2">[[βασιλεύς]]</b>: νῦν ὁ τοῦ χωρίου [[δεσπότης]]. Iliad. 2, 188 ὅν τινα μὲν βασιλῆα καὶ ἔξοχον ἄνδρα κιχείη, Homerisch, βασιλῆα und ἔξοχον ἄνδρα stehn παραλλήλως, Beides bedeutet dasselbe; eben so Iliad. 9, 334 ἄλλα δ'ἀριστήεσσι δίδουγέρα καὶ βασιλεῦσιν. Der (wirkliche) König führt bei Hom. den Oberbefehl im Kriege, hat den Vorsitz in den Versammlungen, verrichtet die Opfer für das Volk u. ist oberster Richter, vgl. Hesiod. Op. 202. 248. 263; seine Würde ist in der Regel erblich, Odyss. 1, 386. Die Könige heißen διοτρεφέες, weil die königl. Würde von Zeus stammt, Iliad. 1, 279. 2, 205, und σκηπτοῦχοι, weil das [[σκῆπτρον]] Zeichen der königl. Würde ist, s. bes. Iliad. 2, 101; Odyss. 4, 63 ἀνδρῶν [[γένος]] ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων σκηπτούχων; Iliad. 1, 279 Odyss. 2, 231 [[σκηπτοῦχος]] [[βασιλεύς]], Iliad. 2, 196 Odyss. 4. 44 διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος; Iliad. 1, 176 διοτρεφέων βασιλήων, 2, 86 σκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες; Odyss. 7, 49 διοτρεφέας βασιλῆας die dreizehn Fürsten der Phäaken; 8. 41 σκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες die zwölf Fürsten der Phäaken außer Alkinoos, von diesem selber so genannt. – Das Wort [[βασιλεύς]] findet sich bei den folgenden Autoren überall; Aeschyl. Pers. 5 [[ἄναξ]] Ξέρξης [[βασιλεύς]], vgl. Hom. Odyss. 20, 194; auch die Tyrannen nannte man βασιλεῖς; Anruf an Götter, bes. Zeus; z. B. Aristoph. Nub. 2 ὦ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ; vgl. Hesiod. Th. 886 Ζεὺς θεῶν [[βασιλεύς]]. Von den Perserkriegen an heißt, [[βασιλεύς]] schlechthin, meist ohne Artikel, auch ὁ [[μέγας]] β., ὁ ἄνω β. u. [[μέγας]] β., der Perserkönig, Thuc., Xen. u. Folgde; bei Sp. der römische Kaiser. – Bei den Athenern heißt der zweite Archon [[βασιλεύς]], Antiph. 6, öfter, u. sonst bei Rednern, wie bei Plat. Theaet. 210 d, der die Aufsicht über den gesammten Gottesdienst u. die Leitung der Criminalprocesse hat. – 2) übertr., der Erste, Ausgezeichnetste seiner Art, οἰωνῶν Aesch. Ag. 113; bes. bei Sp., z. B. ἐν λόγοις Luc. rhet. praec. 11.

|sltr=<b>βᾰςῐλεύς</b> ([[βασιλεύς]], -ῆος, -έι, -εῖ, -ῆι, -ῆα, -έ（α), -εῦ; -έες, -ῆες, -εῦσι（ν), -ῆας) of gods or men, <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[king]] δεσπόταν, Συρακόσιον ἱπποχάρμαν βασιλῆα Hieron (O. 1.23) τὸ δ' ἔσχατον κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι (O. 1.114) βασιλεὺς δ' ἅπαντας ἐν οἴκῳ [[εἴρετο]] παῖδα Aipytos (O. 6.47) [[θεῶν]] βασιλεὺς ὁ [[μέγας]] [[Zeus]] (O. 7.34) ἐγχώριοι βασιλῆες [[αἰεί]] the [[family]] of Epharmostos of [[Opus]] (O. 9.56) [[ξεναπάτας]] Ἐπειῶν βασιλεὺς [[Augeas]] (O. 10.35) “εὕδεις, Αἰολίδα βασιλεῦ;” [[Bellerophon]] (O. 13.67) Αἴτνας βασιλεῖ φίλιον ἐξεύρωμεν ὕμνον Deinomenes (P. 1.60) ἀστοῖς καὶ βασιλεῦσιν sc. of Aitna (P. 1.68) ἄλλοις δέ [[τις]] ἐτέλεσσεν [[ἄλλος]] ἀνὴρ εὐαχέα βασιλεῦσιν ὕμνον (P. 2.14) ναοῦ βασιλεὺς [[Λοξίας]] (P. 3.27) ὃς Συρακόσσαισι νέμει [[βασιλεύς]] Hieron (P. 3.70) Κρονοῦ παῖδας βασιλῆας [[ἴδον]] i. e. the gods (P. 3.94) παρ' ἀνδρὶ φίλῳ εὐίππου βασιλῆι Κυράνας Arkesilas (P. 4.2) σε πεπρωμένον βασιλἔ ἄμφανεν Κυράνᾳ (P. 4.62) βασιλεὺς ἀνέμων [[Βορέας]] (P. 4.181) “[[βασιλεύς]], [[ὅστις]] ἄρχει [[ναός]]” [[Jason]] (P. 4.229) [[βασιλεύς]] ἐσσι μεγαλᾶν [[πολίων]] ([[post]] [[ἐσσί]] distinxit Rose: i. e. Arkesilas) (P. 5.15) [[ἄτερθε]] δὲ πρὸ δωμάτων ἕτεροι λαχόντες Ἀίδαν βασιλέες ἱεροὶ [[ἐντί]] the [[dead]] kings of [[Cyrene]] (P. 5.97) βασιλεὺς Γιγάντων Porphyrion (P. 8.17) Ὑψέος εὐρυβία, ὃς Λαπιθᾶν ὑπερόπλων [[τουτάκις]] ἦν [[βασιλεύς]] (P. 9.14) οὐρανοῦ βασιλῆες πόντου τ the gods (N. 4.67) [[ὕμνος]] δὲ [[τῶν]] ἀγαθῶν ἐργμάτων βασιλεῦσιν ἰσοδαίμονα τεύχει φῶτα (N. 4.84) [[Ζεὺς]] ἀθανάτων [[βασιλεύς]] (N. 5.35) βασιλῆα δὲ [[θεῶν]] πρέπει (N. 7.82) ἔβλαστεν δ' υἱὸς Οἰνώνας βασιλεὺς χειρὶ καὶ βουλαῖς [[ἄριστος]] Aiakos (N. 8.7) ἀθανάτων βασιλεὺς (N. 10.16) Ζηνί τε [[ἅδον]] βασιλέι (I. 8.18) ψυχὰς ἐκ [[τᾶν]] βασιλῆες ἀγαυοὶ καὶ σθένει κραιπνοὶ σοφίᾳ τε μέγιστοι [[ἄνδρες]] αὔξοντ fr. 133. 3. ]λαῶν ξενοδαίκτα βασιλῇος ἀτασθαλίᾳ κοτέων [[θαμά]] (βασιλῆ[ος] ὃς etiam possis: i. e. [[Laomedon]]) fr. 140a. 56 (30). ]βασιλη fr. 215c. 4. met., Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων fr. 169. 1. [[τίς]] γὰρ [[θεῶν]] ναοῖσιν οἰωνῶν [[βασιλέα]] δίδυμον ἐπέθηκ; (τὸν αἰετόν· φησὶ δὲ τὸ κατὰ τοὺς ναοὺς [[τῶν]] [[θεῶν]] [[ἀέτωμα]]. Σ.) (O. 13.21)