πίπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. πίσσω, acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">Exc. ex libris Herodiani</b> p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj. πίπτῃσι <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 153.5</span>: Ep. impf. πῖπτον <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.10</span>); Ion. [[πίπτεσκον]] (συμ-) <span class="bibl">Emp.59.2</span>: fut. πεσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>971</span> (lyr.), etc.; Ion.3pl. πεσέονται <span class="bibl">Il.11.824</span>, 3sg. πεσέεται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>: aor. [[ἔπεσον]], inf. [[πεσεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.178</span>, etc.; 2sg. opt. πεσοίης <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span> 10.14</span>; Aeol. and Dor. ἔπετον <span class="bibl">Alc.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>5.50</span>, (κάπετον) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>8.38</span>, ([[ἐμ]]-) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll.8</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>14.642 (Thurii); in later writers [[ἔπεσα]], <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>521</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>9.24</span>, al., f.l. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>291</span> (προς-): pf. πέπτωκα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>, etc.; Ep. part. [[πεπτεώς]], [[εῶτος]] (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), <span class="bibl">Il.21.503</span>, etc.; also [[πεπτηώς]], [[ηυῖα]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Simon.183.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1298</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. [[πτήσσω]]; Trag. part. πεπτώς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>828</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>697</span>. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in Aeol. and Dor. aor. <b class="b3">ἔ-πετ-ον</b> (v. supr.), and the poet. form <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b>; cogn. with [[πέτομαι]], q.v.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Radical sense, [[fall down]], and (when intentional) [[cast oneself down]], <b class="b3">πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.307</span>, <span class="bibl">15.435</span>, etc.; νιφάδες… π. θαμειαί <span class="bibl">12.278</span>; ὀπίσω πέσεν <span class="bibl">Od.12.410</span>; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always <b class="b3">ἐν... ἐν κονίῃσι π</b>. [[fall]] in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, <span class="bibl">Il.11.425</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.205</span>; ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας <span class="bibl">Od.22.384</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος</b> [[fall into]] his arms, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>142.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς</b> Simon.l.c. (cf. [[πτήσσω]]) π. ἐν δεμνίοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>125</span> (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose, π. ἐν ποταμῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.32</span>: c. dat. only, πεδίῳ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.5.82</span>; <b class="b3">δεμνίοις π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>88</span> (s. v.l.); π. ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">Od.24.535</span>; οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>188.4</span>; ἐπὶ γᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>134</span> (lyr.); πρὸς πέδῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 605</span>; πρὸς ἀγκάλαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>962</span>; ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>326</span>: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes., Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>620</span>; [ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>791</span>; εἰς ἄντλον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1025</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1019</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ στόμα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.13</span>; πρὸς οὖδας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>405</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, <b class="b3">χαμάδις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.7.16</span>, <span class="bibl">15.714</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">χαμαὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">4.482</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.418</span>, etc.; π. ἔραζε <span class="bibl">12.156</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.22.280</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls, ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.16.803</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>44.3</span>; ἀπό τινος ὄνου <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>701d</span>; ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία <span class="bibl">Il.5.583</span>; π. ἐκ νηός <span class="bibl">Od.12.417</span>; πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ <span class="bibl">10.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι</b> [[fall]] upon, <span class="bibl">Euc.3.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Fluit.</span> 2.8</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>; but <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι</b>, [[intersect]], [[meet]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Spir.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">π. διά τινος</b> [[pass]] through, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span> 17</span>; π. κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2; ἐπί τι κατά τινα <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg. <span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Special usages: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔν τισι</b> [[fall violently upon]], [[attack]], ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.742</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες</b> [[tumbling]] into the ships, <span class="bibl">2.175</span>); <b class="b3">ἐν βουσὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>375</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι</b> π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>782</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι</b>, of combatants, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>379</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">375</span>; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1061</span> ; πρὸς πύλαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>462</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[throw oneself down]], [[fall down]], <b class="b3">πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">185</span> ; ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>787</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς γόνατα</b> on one's knees, of a wrestler, <span class="bibl">Simon.156</span> ; ἐς τὸν ὦμον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>571</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[fall]] in battle, πῖπτε δὲ λαός <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ πεπτωκότες</b> [[the fallen]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.24</span> ; νέκυες πίπτοντες <span class="bibl">Il.10.200</span>; νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>881</span> ; πεσήματα… πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>653</span> ; π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.67</span> ; ὡς… θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι... ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων <span class="bibl">Il.11.157</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">500</span>, etc. ; τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>252</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[fall]], [[be ruined]], δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>263</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>22</span> e; πεσεῖν… πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>919</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>181b</span> ; στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>50</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>429</span>, <span class="bibl">398</span> ; ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1078</span> ; of an army, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span> ; ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.16</span> ; of a city, π. δορί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall]], [[sink]], <b class="b3">ἄνεμος πέσε</b> the wind [[fell]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.202</span> (but in <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>547</span>, <b class="b3">Βορέαο πεσόντος</b> is used for [[ἐμπεσόντος]], [[falling on]], [[blowing on]] one): metaph, πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>794</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>474</span> : c. dat., <b class="b3">ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν</b> [[fail]] in one's hopes, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.87.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[fall short]], [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>100e</span> ; of a playwright, [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>540</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔκ τινος</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] a thing, unintentionally, <b class="b3">σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] thy favour, <span class="bibl">Il.23.595</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐλπίδων π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>420.5</span> ; τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>390</span> ; also of set purpose, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρκύων π</b>. [[escape]] from... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span> ; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> reversely, <b class="b3">πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.42</span> ; εἰς ἄτην <span class="bibl">Sol.13.68</span> ; εἰς δουλοσύνην <span class="bibl">Id.9.4</span> ; ἐς δάκρυα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.21</span> ; ἐς νόσον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>478</span> ; <b class="b3">εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1172</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>578.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>696</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>69</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span> ; also <b class="b3">ἐν γυιοπέδαις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.41</span> ; ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1476</span> ; ἐν φόβῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1418</span> (lyr.) ; ἐν σολοικισμῷ <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>3</span>; πρὸς τόλμαν S.<span class="title">Ichn.</span> 11 : c. dat. only, π. δυσπραξίαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>759</span> ; αἰσχύνῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>597</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω</b> I know not which way [[to turn]], ib.<span class="bibl">705</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">εἰς ὕπνον π</b>. [[fall]] asleep, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>826</span> ; but ἐν ὕπνῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).23</span>; simply [[ὕπνῳ]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>68</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν</b> to [[be applied]] to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν</b> to [[be accessible]] to perception, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Comm.Math.</span>8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.7</span> P. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός</b> [[to fall]] between her feet, i.e. to be born, <span class="bibl">Il.19.110</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> of the dice, <b class="b3">τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι</b> I shall count my master's lucky [[throws]] my own, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>32</span>; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>895</span>; ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν <span class="bibl">Alex.34</span>; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα</b> according to [[the throws]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>718</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον</b> as matters [[fall out]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>639</span> ; of tossing up with oystershells, κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.153.5</span> ; of lots, <b class="b3">ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί</b> or <b class="b3">παρά τινα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>619e</span>, <span class="bibl">617e</span>; ἐπί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>1.26</span>: Astrol., <b class="b3">π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης</b> Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">7.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[fall]], [[turn out]], <b class="b3">εὖ πίπτειν</b> to [[be lucky]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>603</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ γνώμαν π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.10</span>; of a battle, <b class="b3">καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται</b> to wait and see how [[it would fall]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.130</span>; <b class="b3">λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π</b>. [[turn out]] true, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>; συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>709a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall to]] one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, [[accrue]], τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Plb.30.31.7</span>; φησιν… ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.2.62.1</span> ; <b class="b3">τὴν πεπτωκότα</b> (sic) μοι οἰκίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>251.12</span> (ii A. D.); τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.45 (Andania, i B. C.); τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον <span class="bibl">D.H.20.17</span> ; to [[be paid]], τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.12</span> ; τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ… ἱερόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEleph.</span>10.2</span> (iii B. C.); π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.7</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1200.1</span> (ii B. C.) ; μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1032.40 (Teos) ; <b class="b3">πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος</b>… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span>i3</span> (iii B. C.) (but <b class="b3">τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα</b> [[deficiencies]], <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>75 (Olbia)). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[fall]], of a date or period of Time, π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.5.1</span> ; οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Id.4.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[fall under]], [[belong to]] a class, εἰς γένη ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1005a2</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην</b> ib.<span class="bibl">982b8</span> ; ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>102a37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">151a15</span> ; ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1104a8</span> ; ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>681b1</span> ; τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.28U.</span>; ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν… ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.2.14.7</span>.</span>