ψῆφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[ψᾶφος]], Aeol. [[ψᾶφαξ]], ἡ, gen. pl. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ψηφάων <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>: ([[ψάω]]):—a [[small]] [[round]] [[worn]] [[stone]], [[pebble]], ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 10(11).9</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">13.46</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.12</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφος ἄμμου</b> a [[grain]] of [[sand]], <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Si.</span>18.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[precious stone]], [[gem]], <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>3.27</span>; esp. worn in a ring, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMeretr.</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[pebble]] used for [[reckoning]], [[counter]], <b class="b3">λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις</b> [[calculate]] or [[reckon]] by [[abacus]], [[cipher]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>, etc.: hence to reckon [[exactly]] or [[accurately]], opp. <b class="b3">ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span> (anap.); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους <span class="bibl">D.18.229</span>; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>570</span>; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 309</span>: metaph., ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας <span class="bibl">Plb.2.47.5</span>: hence [[ψῆφος]] itself for a [[cipher]], [[number]], <b class="b3">πὸτ ἄρτιον</b> (sc. [[ἀριθμὸν]]) [[ποτθέμειν]] . . ψᾶφον <span class="bibl">Epich.170</span>: pl., [[account]]s, <b class="b3">καθαραὶ ψῆφος</b>, where there is an exact balance, <span class="bibl">D.18.227</span>; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ. [[calculators]], <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.26</span>; ψήφων ἄπειρος Plu.2.812e; <b class="b3">δακτυλικὴ ψῆφος</b> [[reckoning]] on the [[finger]]s, <span class="title">AP</span>11.290 (Pall.); of [[astrological]] [[calculation]]s, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.10.15</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in Magic, <b class="b3">κατέχων τὴν ψῆφος</b> (i. e. the object on which the [[number]] is written) [[λέγε]] . . <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1048, cf. 937. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pebble]] used for a [[draughtsman]] or [[chessman]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>487c</span>; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων Plu.2.427f. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[pebble]] used by [[juggler]]s, ψηφάων παῖκται <span class="bibl">Man.4.448</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[pebble]] used in [[divination]], ἡ διὰ ψήφων μαντική <span class="bibl">Apollod.3.10.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[cube]] used in [[mosaic]] [[pavement]]s, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Protr.</span>8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[pebble]] used in [[voting]], ψήφῳ [[ψηφίζεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.55</span>; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ… ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι <span class="bibl">D.59.89</span>: hence, the [[vote]] itself, ψῆφον [[φέρειν]] = [[give]] one's [[vote]], ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>680</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">D.57.61</span>, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Lycurg.7</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Id.11</span>, etc.; ψήφου φορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>484</span>; ψῆφον [[τίθεσθαι]] = [[ψηφίζεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.57</span>; εἰς τεῦχος . . ψήφους ἔθεντο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>816</span>; c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.73</span>; ψῆφον [[προσθέσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Th.1.40</span>; ψήφῳ [[διαιρεῖν]] = to [[determine]] [[by vote]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>630</span>; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ κρίνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.87</span>, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36b</span>, cf. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.21.47</span>: in collect. sense, <b class="b3">ἐχρῆν . . ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι</b> a [[vote]] is taken, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.47</span>; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>; ἡ σῴζουσα ψῆφος <span class="bibl">D.19.66</span>; <b class="b3">οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψῆφος</b> a [[majority]] of [[vote]]s, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>759d</span>: <b class="b3">τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν</b> to [[put]] the [[vote]] or [[question]], of the [[president]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.119</span>, <span class="bibl">125</span>; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος <span class="title">IG</span>22.222.24, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.188</span>; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>1.100</span>; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν <span class="bibl">D.19.65</span>; [[διένεμον]] (vv. ll. [[διενέμοντο]], [[ἔφερον]]) <b class="b3"> τὰς ψῆφος</b> were casting their [[vote]]s, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.123</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς</b> with one [[accord]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>270</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φανερά</b> open [[voting]], ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.4.74</span>; τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>767d</span>, <span class="bibl">855d</span>; opp. ψῆφος [[ἀφανής]] = [[voting]] by [[ballot]], <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.233</span>; κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1433a23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1424b2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span>69.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> that which is carried by [[vote]], a [[vote]], <b class="b3">ψῆφος καταγνώσεως</b> a [[vote]] of [[condemnation]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; <b class="b3">ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς</b> [[a vote]] of banishment was moved for against him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>198</span>; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7</span> (anap.):—hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> any [[resolve]] or [[decree]], ψ. τυράννων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>60</span>; <b class="b3">λιθίνα ψᾶφος</b> a [[decree]] written on [[stone]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.87</span>; <b class="b3">διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς</b> [the oak] gives [[judgement]] of itself, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.265</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν</b>, i. e. [[public opinion]], <span class="bibl">Cratin.57</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο;</b> what [[judgment]] . . ? <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>330c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span> 57a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[Ἀθηνᾶς ψῆφος]], [[calculus Minervae]], [[proverb|prov.]] phrase to express [[acquittal]], when the votes were even, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> [[ψῆφος]] is sts. omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>685</span> (lyr.); πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.Bis Acc.18, cf. 22. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">Διὸς ψῆφος</b> (ψῆφοι Hsch.), [[proverb|prov.]] <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων</b>, of the [[scene]] of [[contest]] betw. [[Athena]] and [[Poseidon]], Suid., etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">Κόννου ψῆφος</b>, [[negligible]] [[quantity]], [[cipher]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>675</span> (anap.), cf. [[Κοννᾶς]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[place of voting]], [[tribunal]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>945</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span> 1263</span>.</span> <span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> metaph., [[influence]], [[πόλις]] μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>18.13.</span></span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[judgement]] as a [[faculty]], ψ. ὀρθήν Lib.Ep.19.10.</span>