ἀφορμή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[starting-point]], esp. in war, [[base of operations]], ἀναχώρησίς τε καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.41.6</span>, etc.; [[place of safety]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>342</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">starting-point, origin, occasion</b> or [[pretext]], ἀφορμαὶ λόγων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1239</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199</span>; ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν <span class="bibl">D.18.156</span>; δεδωκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.21.98</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>5.12</span>; λαβεῖν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.61</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.8</span>; εὑρεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>615.6</span>(ii A. D.), <span class="bibl">923.22</span> (i/ii A. D.); ἵνα ἀ. γένοιτο τιμῆς <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span>105.16 (i B. C.); ἀ. καὶ πρόφασις <span class="bibl">Plb. 2.52.3</span>; [[occasion]], [[origin]] of an illness, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>2.1.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.29</span>; <b class="b3">εἰδέ τις οἴεται μικρὰν ἀ. εἶναι σιτηρέσιον τοῖς στρατευομένοις ὑπάρχειν</b> a small [[inducement]], <span class="bibl">D.4.29</span>; τὸ γὰρ εὖ πράττειν παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἀ. τοῦ κακὼς φρονεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.1.23</span>; [[instigation]], [[incitement]], POxy.237 vii 21 (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[means with which one begins]] a thing, [[resources]], ἀ. τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Lys.24.24</span>; εἰς τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.12.4</span>; τίνας εἶχεν ἀφορμὰς ἡ πόλις; <span class="bibl">D.18.233</span>; ἀφελεῖν τὴν ἀ. δι' ἣν ὑβρίζει <span class="bibl">Id.21.98</span>; <b class="b3">πίστις ἀ. μεγίστη πρὸς χρηματισμόν</b> good faith is the best [[asset]] for business, <span class="bibl">Id.36.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.16</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἐπί</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.3.33</span>; esp. [[means of war]], <span class="bibl">And.1.109</span>; ἀ. εἰς ξένους χιλίους [[means for levying]] <span class="bibl">1000</span> mercenaries, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἔργων</b> [[means for undertaking]]... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.11</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">3.5.11</span>; πρὸς ἀφορμὴν ἐμπορίας ἢ γεωργίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1320a39</span>; πάντων ἀ. τῶν καλῶν <span class="bibl">Philem.110</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[capital]] of a banker, etc., <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.26</span>,<span class="bibl">D.14.30</span>,<span class="bibl">36.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφορμῆς δίκη</b> suit for [[restitution of capital]], Arg.D.36. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> Rhet., [[food for argument]], [[material]], [[subject]], ὑποθέσεις καὶ ἀφορμαὶ λόγων <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>18</span>, cf. Men.Rh.<span class="bibl">p.334S.</span>, Aps.<span class="bibl">p.264H.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[aptitude]], [[inclination]], εἰς φιλανθρωπίαν Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.53 W. (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Stoic term for [[repulsion]] (opp. [[ὁρμή]]), <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.3.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">40</span>, <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Epict.</span>p.22D.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[release]] of water from sluice, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.143.17</span> (iv A. D.).</span>

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a starting-[[point]], esp. in war, a [[base]] of operations, Thuc.:—also a [[place]] of [[safety]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[generally]], a starting-[[point]], the [[origin]], [[occasion]] or [[pretext]] of a [[thing]], Eur.; ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν, διδόναι to [[give]] [[occasion]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[means]] with [[which]] one begins a [[thing]], [[resources]], Xen., Dem.; ἀφ. ἔργων [[means]] for [[undertaking]] works, Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> the [[capital]] of a [[banker]], Xen., Dem.