ἀλλά: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Conj., orig. neut. pl. of [[ἄλλος]], <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[otherwise]]: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than [[δέ]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in simple oppositions, [[but]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> after neg. clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ' ἀγαθός <span class="bibl">Thgn.212</span>; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ' . . ἐφορμᾶται <span class="bibl">Il.15.690</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after a simple neg., ἦ παραφρονεῖς; οὔκ, ἀλλ' ὕπνος μ' ἔχει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>9</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> freq. after <b class="b3">οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον</b>, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 3.59</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.13</span>, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1006</span>: also after [[οὐχ]] (or [[μὴ]] (<b class="b3"> ὅτι, οὐχ</b> (or [[μὴ]]) <b class="b3"> ὅπως</b>, [[either]], <b class="b2">not only . . but</b>... μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40d</span>; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 207e</span>; or, <b class="b2">not only not . . but</b>... οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . περιόψεσθε <span class="bibl">Th.1.35</span>; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ' ἐζήλουν <span class="bibl">D.19.265</span>; the neg. form is <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ</b> δίκην εἴρηκα <span class="bibl">Is.10.1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, [[still]], [[at least]], εἴπερ γάρ τε . . ἀλλά τε <span class="bibl">Il.1.82</span>, etc.: in Prose, esp. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν . . γε</b> or ἀλλά . . γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλὰ οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> (sc. [[ὁρῶ]]) <b class="b3">, ἀλλ' ἀκούω γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>470d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.15</span>,al.; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ' οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91b</span> (in later Gk. <b class="b3">ἀλλά γε</b> may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>9.2</span>, and <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γε δή</b> is found with vv. Il. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262a</span>); <b class="b3">εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι . . ἀλλ' οὐ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1282a11</span>:—less freq. after Conjunctions of Time, as ἐπεὶ δή <span class="bibl">Od.14.151</span>; ἐπεί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>241</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[ἀ]]. is used elliptically, esp. with Advbs. of Time, <b class="b3">ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ' ἀλλὰ νῦν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀλλὰ νῦν γε</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>411</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 552</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>565</span>; ἀλλὰ τῷ χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>912</span>; <b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν ἀλλὰ νῦν γ' ἔτι</b>, i.e.<b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀλλὰ νῦν γε</b> . . if then now [[at least]] ye still... <span class="bibl">D.3.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.10.15</span>:—without an Adv. of Time, [[at least]], ἡ δ' ἀλλὰ πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>660</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1276</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span> 331</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> sts.= <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἤ</b> ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), [[except]], [[but]], <b class="b3">οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ… τοκῆε</b> no one else, [[but]]... <span class="bibl">Od.8.312</span>; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀλλὰ οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα <span class="bibl">12.404</span>; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀλλὰ ἐγώ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1331</span>; ἡδέα . . οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλλὰ τούτοις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1176a22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1152b30</span>: cf. reverse process in our word <b class="b2">but=be out, except</b>:—sts. with force of [[ἤ]] after comparatives, <b class="b3">τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀλλὰἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ</b>. not that in which they are lying, [[but]] far more... <span class="bibl">Th.2.43</span>; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀλλὰ δαπάνης <span class="bibl">Id.1.83</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> with neg. after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by [[not]], ἀγαθῶν, ἀλλὰ οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον <span class="bibl">Lys.14.16</span>; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀλλὰ μὴ τῶν φαύλων <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.2</span>; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀλλὰ οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229d</span>:—after a question, <b class="b3">τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀλλὰ οὐχὶ προειπεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.229</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> without neg., μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀλλὰ μαχητής <span class="bibl">Il.5.801</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> to oppose whole sentences, [[but]], [[yet]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> freq. in transitions, as <span class="bibl">Il.1.135</span>, <span class="bibl">140</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥς</b> . . <span class="bibl">1.116</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ οὐδ' ὥς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od. 1.6</span>:—after Hom. in answers and objections, <b class="b2">nay but... well but</b>... freq. with negs., esp. in making and answering objections, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>402</span>, <span class="bibl">407</span>; also in affirmative answers, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>330b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>449a</span>, etc.:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, <b class="b3">πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι . . ; ἀλλὰ ἀπῄτουν; ἀλλὰ περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενος; ἀλλὰ μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησα</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Thg.</span> 123e</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc. 17.47</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μήν</b>... answered by [[ἀ]]... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1287a23</span>:—in vehement answers Pl. often uses <b class="b3">νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ .... μὰ Δἴ ἀ</b>... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span> 481c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>36a</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, <span class="bibl">Od.4.472</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Georg.</span>22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with imper. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., freq. in Hom., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ἄγε, ἴθι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.210</span>, <span class="bibl">11.611</span>; ἀλλὰ ἴομεν <span class="bibl">6.526</span>; ἀλλὰ πίθεσθε <span class="bibl">1.259</span>; after voc., ὦ Φίντις, ἀλλὰ ζεῦξον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Tyrt. 10.15</span>, etc.; answered by a second ἀλλὰ, ἀλλὰ περιμένετε. ἀλλὰ περιμενοῦμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>327b</span>; ἀλλ' ἕρπεθ' ὡς τάχιστα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1643</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1029</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to break off a subject abruptly, ἀλλὰ τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν <span class="bibl">Od.15.523</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγειν</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>467</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in resuming an address after parenthesis, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in elliptical phrases, <b class="b3">οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ, οὐ μέντοι ἀ</b>… <b class="b2">it is not [so], but</b>... <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀλλὰ ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος</b> it did not however [throw him], [[but]]... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.8</span>; οὐ μέντοι ἀλλὰ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 173b</span>; οὐ γὰρ ἀλλὰ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>58</span>,<span class="bibl">498</span>:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ' ἀλλὰ παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>391</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄρα</b>, used by Hom. in transitions, <span class="bibl">Il.6.418</span>, <span class="bibl">12.320</span>, etc.; later, to introduce an objection, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>25a</span>; in questions,<b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἆρα</b> . .; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>381b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν</b>, concessive, [[at all events]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1298</span>; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀλλὰ οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ' ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.86</span>; [[well then]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310a</span>; [[but then]], [[however]], with γε following, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>652</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.18</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν γε</b> in apodosi, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γάρ</b>, freq. with words between, [[but really]], [[certainly]], as <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω... παύσω γόους</b>, but this is irreg. for <b class="b3">ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>148</span>; for the reg. order cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>81</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>480</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>1067</span>; freq. elliptical, the Verb being understood, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.8</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>941</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>155</span>: in Hom. only with negs., ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ <span class="bibl">Il.7.242</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.355</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1409</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γὰρ δή, ἀλλὰ γάρ τοι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ εἰ</b> . . <b class="b2">quid si . . ?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.16.559</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ἦ</b> in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ch.</span>220</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>879</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1111</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>447a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>309c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[ἀ]]. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται <span class="bibl">Il. 17.514</span>; esp. c. imper., <span class="bibl">1.211</span>, al.; ἀλλά τοι <span class="bibl">Od. 15.518</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μέντοι</b>, with or without γε, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287d</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μήν</b>, v. [[μήν]]; [[ἀλλὰ δή]], mostly with words between, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1271</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>586</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.109</span>, etc.; without intervening words, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37c</span>, al.; ἀλλὰ δῆτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>285c</span>; ἀλλὰ μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>143b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>103</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> = [[et quidem]], <span class="bibl">Olymp. <span class="title">in Mete.</span>1.13</span>, al.</span>