στείβω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to tread (on something), to densify by treading, to trod, to trample</b> (ep. poet. since Λ 534 a. Υ 499).<br />Other forms: only presentst. except aor. <b class="b3">κατ-έστειψας</b> (S. OC 467; not quite certain), vbaladj. [[στιπτός]] (v. l. <b class="b3">-ει-</b>) [[trodden solid]], [[solid]], [[hard]](S., Ar.), <b class="b3">ἄ-</b> στείβω [[untrodden]] (S.; also OGI 606?).<br />Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: [[στοιβή]] f. <b class="b2">stuffing, cushion, bulge etc.</b>; often as plantname [[Poterium spinosum]], of which the leaves were used to fill up (Hp., Ar., Arist., Epid. [IVa] etc.), with <b class="b3">στοιβ-ίον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 10), <b class="b3">-άς</b> = [[στιβάς]], <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[crammed in]] (Arist.-comm.), <b class="b3">-άζω</b>, rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., [[to fill]], [[to stuff]] (Hdt., LXX a.o.), from which <b class="b3">-αστός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ασις</b>, <b class="b3">-άσιμος</b>, <b class="b3">-ασία</b> (hell. a. late). -- Besides zero grade nouns: A. [[στίβος]] m. <b class="b2">(trodden) road, path, footstep, trail</b> (ep. Ion. poet. since h. Merc.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 318), [[fullers workshop]] (pap. IIIa). From this 1. [[στιβάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">bed of straw, reed or leaves, mattress, bed, grave</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-άδιον</b> n. [[id]]. (hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-αδεύω</b> [[to use like straw]] (Dsc.). 2. [[στιβεύς]] m. [[hound]] (Opp.), [[fuller]] (pap.), = [[ὁδευτής]] (H.), <b class="b3">-εύω</b> [[to track]] (D. S., Plu., H.), = [[πορεύεσθαι]] (H.) with <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. <b class="b2">the tracking etc.</b> (D. S. a.o.), <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> n. [[fullers workshop]] (pap.), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. [[hound]] (Sostrat. ap. Stob.); also <b class="b3">-ίη</b> = <b class="b3">-εία</b> (Opp.; metr. cond.). 3. [[στιβική]] f. [[fullers tax]] (pap. IIIa). 4. [[στιβάζω]] <b class="b2">to enter, to track etc.</b> with <b class="b3">-ασις</b> f. (late). 5. [[ἐστίβηται]] [[has been tracked]] perf. pass. (S. Aj. 874; [[στιβέω]] or <b class="b3">-άω</b>?). 6. <b class="b3">ἄ-στιβ-ος</b> [[unentered]] (AP), usually <b class="b3">-ής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (A., S., also X. a.o.; joined to the <b class="b3">εσ-</b>stems and connected with the verb), <b class="b3">-ητος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Lyc. a.o.; cf. [[ἐστίβηται]]). 7. [[Στίβων]] name of a dog (X. Cyn.). -- B. [[στιβαρός]] [[solid]], [[compact]], [[massive]], [[strong]] (ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose); like [[βριαρός]] a.o.; Chantraine Form. 227, also Benveniste Origines 19; cf. also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 49, <b class="b3">-αρηδόν</b> adv. [[compact]] (opposite [[σποράδην]]; late). -- C. With long vowel [[στίβη]] f. [[ripe]] (Od., Call.), <b class="b3">-ήεις</b> (Call.); on the meaning cf. [[πάγος]], [[πάχνη]] to [[πήγνυμι]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1015] <b class="b2">*steib-</b> <b class="b2">(become) stiff, fixed</b><br />Etymology: From the Greek material the essential meaning appears to be the idea <b class="b2">tread (with the feet), make solid, fill up, press together</b> ([[στοιβή]], [[στιβάς]], <b class="b3">στι-βαρός</b>), from where [[tread]] with [[path]], [[trace]], [[track]] ([[στείβω]], [[στίβος]], [[στιβεύω]]). -- Exact agreements outside Greek for [[στείβω]] and related [[στίβος]], [[στιβαρός]] are missing. Nearest comes Arm. [[stēp]], gen. <b class="b2">-oy</b> [[frequent]], [[incessant]], [[permanent]] (adj. and adv.; on the meaning cf. [[πυκνός]]) with [[stip-em]] [[press]], [[urge]], <b class="b2">-aw</b>, <b class="b2">-ov</b> <b class="b2">quick, diligent(ly)</b> from IE <b class="b2">*stoibo-</b> or <b class="b2">*steibo-</b>; so an exampel of the very rare IE b? Beside it with [[p]] the Lat. secondary formation [[stīpāre]] <b class="b2">press to gether, press, heap, fill up</b>; here also the Corinth. PN [[Στίπων]] (IG 4, 319)? -- To this can be connected in diff. languages on the one hand expressions for <b class="b2">fixed, stiff etc.</b>: Germ., e.g. OE, MHG [[stīf]] [[stiff]], [[straight]], Balt., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">stimpù</b>, <b class="b2">stìpti</b> [[become stiff or frozen]], <b class="b2">stiprùs</b> [[strong]], [[steady]]; on the other hand words for <b class="b2">bar, stalk, post etc.</b> in Lat. [[stīpes]] [[pole]], [[stem]], [[bar]], [[stipula]] [[straw]] and, with b (IE b as in [[στείβω]]), Lith., e.g. <b class="b2">stíebas</b> <b class="b2">mast(tree), pillar, stalk etc.</b>, Slav., e.g. Russ. <b class="b2">stébelь</b> [[stalk]] etc. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP 2, 646ff., Pok. 1015f., W.-Hofmann s. [[stīpō]], [[stips]], [[stipula]], Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (Not hereVgl. [[στῖφος]], [[στιφρός]].)