κόσμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[order]], [[κατὰ κόσμον]] = [[in order]], [[duly]], εὖ κατὰ κόσμον <span class="bibl">Il.10.472</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ κόσμον</b> [[shamefully]], <span class="bibl">Od.8.179</span>; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον <span class="bibl">Il. 2.214</span>: freq. in dat., [[κόσμῳ καθίζειν]] = to [[sit in order]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.67</span>; οὐ κ.… ἐλευσόμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.12.225</span>; κόσμῳ [[θεῖναι]] τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.36</span>, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρειν</b> [[bear]] [[becomingly]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.82</span>; δέξασθαί τινα κόσμον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>521</span>; σὺν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span> 398b23</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>223b</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες</b> [[in]] no [[sort]] of [[order]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.59</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγειν οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">8.60</span>.γ, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Th.3.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>400</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κόσμον</b> = no [[longer]] [[in]] the [[same]] [[order]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.66</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδένα κόσμον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">65</span>, <span class="bibl">69</span>; ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κόσμος τῶν ποιουμένων <span class="bibl">Th.3.77</span>: generally, of things, [[natural order]], γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Prog.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[good]] [[order]], [[good]] [[behaviour]], = [[κοσμιότης]] Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.43 K.; [[discipline]], <span class="bibl">D.18.216</span>; οὐ κόσμος, ἀλλ' [[ἀκοσμία]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[form]], [[fashion]], ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου <span class="bibl">Od.8.492</span>; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξηγεομένων… τὸν κόσμον αὐτοῦ</b> the [[fashion]] of it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.22</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τόνδε… ὁ καταστησάμενος</b> who [[establish]]ed this [[order]] or [[from]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of states, [[order]], [[government]], μεταστῆσαι τὸν κόσμον <span class="bibl">Th. 4.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.48</span>, <span class="bibl">67</span>; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. <span class="bibl">8.72</span>, etc.; especially of the Spartan [[constitution]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.65</span>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.3</span>: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 322c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[ornament]], [[decoration]], especially of women, <span class="bibl">Il.14.187</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 76</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.ή; [[γυναικεῖος]] κόσμος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373c</span>, etc.; of a [[horse]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.145</span>; of men, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.123</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>397</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας</b>, of an [[olive]]-[[wreath]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.10</span>, etc.; κόσμος κυνῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.1</span>; κόσμος καὶ [[ἔπιπλα]] <span class="bibl">Lys.12.19</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμος ἀργυροῦς</b> a [[service]] of [[plate]], <span class="bibl">Ath.6.231b</span>; ἱερὸς κόσμος <span class="title">OGI</span>90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., [[ornaments]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1271</span>; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κόσμοι <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.32</span>: metaph., of [[ornament]]s of [[speech]], such as [[epithet]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b2</span>, <span class="bibl">1458a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἁδυμελῆ κόσμον κελαδεῖν</b> to [[sing]] [[sweet]] [[song]]s of [[praise]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11</span> (<span class="bibl">10</span>).<span class="bibl">13</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[honour]], [[credit]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>6(5).69</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρει τινί</b> it does one [[credit]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>, <span class="bibl">142</span>; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>293</span>; κόσμος τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>914</span>; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι <span class="bibl">D.60.36</span>; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κόσμος ἔσει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.3</span>; ἡ [[μεγαλοψυχία]] οἷον κόσμος  τις τῶν ἀρετῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1124a1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[ruler]], [[regulator]], title of chief magistrate in Crete, <span class="title">SIG</span>712.57, etc.; collectively, [[body]] of κόσμοι, ib.524.1; <b class="b3">τοῦ κόσμου τοῖς πλίασι</b> ib.527.74: also freq. in plural, ib.528.1, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272a6</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.10.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">22</span>; cf. [[κόρμος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Philos., [[world-order]], [[universe]], first in Pythag., acc.to <span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.1, <span class="bibl">D.L.8.48</span> (cf. [Philol.]<span class="bibl">21</span>), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.30</span>; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κόσμος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>: freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Grg.</span>508a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>27a</span>, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κόσμος καὶ οὐρανός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>280a21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 2p.37U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168</span>, etc.; ὁ κόσμος ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>30b</span>: sometimes of the [[firmament]], γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.179</span>; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κόσμος <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>339a20</span>; [[μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κόσμον]] = [[join]] the [[eternal]] [[world]], of [[death]], <span class="title">OGI</span>56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of [[earth]], as opp. [[heaven]], ὁ [[ἐπιχθόνιος]] κόσμος Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld, ὁ ἄνω κόσμος <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>27.123</span>; of any [[region]] of the [[universe]], ὁ [[μετάρσιος]] κόσμος Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the [[sphere]] whose [[centre]] is the [[earth]]'s centre and [[radius]] the [[straight]] [[line]] [[join]]ing [[earth]] and [[sun]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>4</span>; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>987b</span>: in plural, [[world]]s, [[coexistent]] or [[successive]], Anaximand. et alii ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of [[star]]s, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. [[κτεάτειρα]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>356</span> (anap.), cf. Heraclid. et Pythagorei ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.13.15 (= <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>22</span>); <b class="b3">οἱ ἑπτὰ κόσμοι</b> the Seven [[planet]]s, <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.11.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[microcosm]], [[ἄνθρωπος]] μικρὸς κόσμος <span class="bibl">Democr. 34</span>; [[ἄνθρωπος]] βραχὺς κόσμος <span class="bibl">Ph.2.155</span>; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κόσμον εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., = [[οἰκουμένη]], the [[known]] or [[inhabited]] [[world]], <span class="title">OGI</span>458.40 (9 B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>1.8</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος</b> = the [[lord]] of the [[whole]] [[world]], of [[Nero]], <span class="title">SIG</span>814.31, cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[men]] in general, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.19</span>; especially of the [[world]] as [[estranged]] from [[God]] by [[sin]], ib.<span class="bibl">16.20</span>, <span class="bibl">17.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 1.21</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ κόσμος</b> this [[present]] [[world]], i.e. [[earth]], opp. [[heaven]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>13.1</span>; regarded as the [[kingdom]] of [[evil]], <b class="b3">ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου</b> = the [[leader]] of this [[world]] ib.<span class="bibl">12.31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Pythagorean name for [[six]], Theol.Ar.37; for [[ten]], ib.59.</span>