ἀφορμή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[starting-point]], especially in war, [[base of operations]], ἀναχώρησίς τε καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.1.41.6</span>, etc.; [[place of safety]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>342</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[starting-point]], [[origin]], [[occasion]] or [[pretext]], ἀφορμαὶ λόγων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1239</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199</span>; ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν <span class="bibl">D.18.156</span>; δεδωκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.21.98</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>5.12</span>; λαβεῖν ἀφορμήν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.61</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.8</span>; εὑρεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>615.6</span>(ii A. D.), <span class="bibl">923.22</span> (i/ii A. D.); ἵνα ἀ. γένοιτο τιμῆς <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span>105.16 (i B. C.); ἀ. καὶ πρόφασις <span class="bibl">Plb. 2.52.3</span>; [[occasion]], [[origin]] of an illness, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>2.1.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.29</span>; <b class="b3">εἰδέ τις οἴεται μικρὰν ἀ. εἶναι σιτηρέσιον τοῖς στρατευομένοις ὑπάρχειν</b> a [[small]] [[inducement]], <span class="bibl">D.4.29</span>; τὸ γὰρ εὖ πράττειν παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν ἀ. τοῦ κακὼς [[φρονεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Id.1.23</span>; [[instigation]], [[incitement]], POxy.237 vii 21 (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[means with which one begins]] a thing, [[resources]], ἀ. τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Lys.24.24</span>; εἰς τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.12.4</span>; τίνας εἶχεν ἀφορμὰς ἡ πόλις; <span class="bibl">D.18.233</span>; ἀφελεῖν τὴν ἀ. δι' ἣν ὑβρίζει <span class="bibl">Id.21.98</span>; <b class="b3">πίστις ἀ. μεγίστη πρὸς χρηματισμόν</b> = [[good]] [[faith]] is the [[best]] [[asset]] for [[business]], <span class="bibl">Id.36.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.16</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἐπί</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.3.33</span>; esp. [[means of war]], <span class="bibl">And.1.109</span>; ἀ. εἰς ξένους χιλίους [[means for levying]] <span class="bibl">1000</span> mercenaries, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἔργων</b> [[means for undertaking]]... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.11</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">3.5.11</span>; πρὸς ἀφορμὴν ἐμπορίας ἢ γεωργίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1320a39</span>; πάντων ἀ. τῶν καλῶν <span class="bibl">Philem.110</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[capital]] of a [[banker]], etc., <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.26</span>,<span class="bibl">D.14.30</span>,<span class="bibl">36.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφορμῆς δίκη</b> [[suit]] for [[restitution of capital]], Arg.D.36. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> Rhet., [[food for argument]], [[material]], [[subject]], ὑποθέσεις καὶ ἀφορμαὶ λόγων <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>18</span>, cf. Men.Rh.<span class="bibl">p.334S.</span>, Aps.<span class="bibl">p.264H.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[aptitude]], [[inclination]], εἰς φιλανθρωπίαν Phld.<span class="title">Ir.</span>p.53 W. (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Stoic term for [[repulsion]] (opp. [[ὁρμή]]), <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.3.42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">40</span>, <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Epict.</span>p.22D.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[release]] of water from sluice, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.143.17</span> (iv A. D.).</span>

|dgtxt=-ῆς, ἡ<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>c. valor local [[punto de partida]] milit. [[base]] ἀναχώρησίς τε καὶ ἀ. Th.1.90, διὰ τὸ μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν καταλείπεσθαι σφίσι Plb.1.41.6<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[suelta del agua]] para regadío ἀ. ... ὕδατος εἵνα δηνηθῶμεν (<i>sic</i>) ποτίσαι τ[ὸ] ν ... κλῆρον <i>PAmh</i>.143.17 (IV d.C.).<br /><b class="num">2</b> fig. [[idea base]], [[principio a seguir]], [[actitud]], [[inclinación]] λαβὼν δὲ ταύτην ἀφορμήν, ἥνπερ χρὴ τοὺς εὐσεβεῖν βουλομένους adoptando la disposición que deben escoger los que respetan</i> a los dioses, Isoc.9.28, εἰς φιλανθρ[ω] πίαν Phld.<i>Ir</i>.24.38.<br /><b class="num">3</b> medic. [[causa]], [[origen]] de una enfermedad τὰς ἀφορμὰς (νόσων) ... σκεπτέον Hp.<i>Epid</i>.2.1.11, παθῶν λαμβάνειν ἀφορμάς Sor.19.28.<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[inducción]], [[instigación]] ἀ. τοῦ κακῶς φρονεῖν τοῖς ἀνοήτοις γίγνεται D.1.23, ἐκ μη[τ] ρὸς ἀ. <i>POxy</i>.237.7.21 (II d.C.), ἀ. ... πρὸς ἀκολασίαν Phld.<i>Mus</i>.4.7.18, cf. 13.29.<br /><b class="num">II</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[recursos]], [[medios]] γυμνωθεῖσα ἀφορμῆς Antipho Soph.B 14, τοῦ βίου Lys.24.24, εἰς τὸν βίον X.<i>Mem</i>.3.12.4, cf. S.E.<i>M</i>.1.40, ἔχοντας ... ἀφορμάς, ἀφ' ὧν ... αὔξειν τοὺς οἴκους X.<i>Oec</i>.1.16, ἀ. μεγίστη πρὸς χρηματισμόν D.36.44, cf. 4.29, 11.16, 21.98<br /><b class="num">•</b>para un viaje [[viático]] ἔασον ... παισίν τ' ἀφορμὴν τοῖς ἐμοῖς E.<i>Med</i>.342<br /><b class="num">•</b>milit. [[recursos]], [[fondos]] εἰς τὸν πόλεμον Isoc.14.40, para reclutamiento de mercenarios ἀ. εἰς ξένους χιλίους X.<i>HG</i> 4.8.33, gener. de la [[ciudad]] ἡ πόλις ἐκ πολὺ ἐλάττονος ἀφορμῆς μεγάλη ... ἐγένετο And.<i>Myst</i>.109, cf. D.18.233, para ejecutar labores ἀ. ἔργων X.<i>Mem</i>.2.7.11, 3.5.11, ἐμπορίας ἢ γεωργίας Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1320^a39, εἰς τὰς ἄλλας ἐργασίας Isoc.7.32, cf. D.36.44, πάντων ἀ. τῶν καλῶν <i>Com.Adesp</i>.1384<br /><b class="num">•</b>abs. [[capital]] ἀφορμῆς [[δέομαι]] Lys.<i>Fr</i>.38.2, cf. X.<i>Vect</i>.3.6, ἀ. ἐπορίσθη X.<i>Mem</i>.2.7.12, ἀ. ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα D.14.30, ἀφορμῆς [[δίκη]] proceso para restitución de un capital</i> D.36 argumen.2<br /><b class="num">•</b>ret. [[recursos]] de una argumentación [[base]], [[tema]] de un discurso οὐκ ἀπορήσουσιν ἀφορμῆς Isoc.10.69, ὑποθέσεις καὶ ἀφορμὰς λόγων Luc.<i>Rh.Pr</i>.18, cf. Men.Rh.334, Aps.264.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[pretexto]], [[ocasión]] λόγων E.<i>Hec</i>.1239, <i>Ph</i>.199, <i>Ba</i>.267, οὐκ ἀφορμὰς τοῖς λόγοισιν ... ἔχουσιν E.<i>HF</i> 236, εὐδαιμονίας E.<i>Io</i> 474, ἀφελεῖν τὴν ἀφορμὴν, δ' ἣν ὑβρίζει D.21.98, cf. 18.156, μὴ διδόναι ... ἐχθροῖς ἀφορμὴν εἰς διαβολήν Plb.28.6.7, ἀ. καὶ πρόφασις Plb.2.52.3, cf. 4.13.6, δίδου σοφῷ ἀφορμήν LXX <i>Pr</i>.9.9, cf. 3<i>Ma</i>.3.2, 2<i>Ep.Cor</i>.5.12, Ach.Tat.1.9.7, 8.16.5<br /><b class="num">•</b>como fórmula ἀφορμὴν γὰρ λαβόντες aprovechando la ocasión</i> Isoc.4.61, cf. <i>Ep.Rom</i>.7.8, ἵνα ἀ. γένοιτο τῆς εἰς τὸν Σεβαστὸν τειμῆς <i>IPr</i>.105.16 (I a.C.), ἀφορμὴν εὑρὼν ἔγραψά σοι <i>BGU</i> 615.6 (II d.C.), ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ἀφορμῆς por este motivo</i>, <i>POxy</i>.3393.26 (IV d.C.), cf. <i>BGU</i> 923.22 (I/II d.C.).<br /><b class="num">III</b> término estoico op. ὁρμή [[rechazo]], [[repugnancia]] ταύτῃ (τῇ ὁρμῇ) ἀντιτίθεσθαι ἀφορμήν Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.3.40, cf. 42, Simp.<i>in Epict</i>.p.22.

|elrutext='''ἀφορμή:''' ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> исходная точка, опорный пункт, тж. операционная база (ἱκανὴ ἀναχώρησίς τε καὶ ἀ. Thuc.; μηδεμίαν ἀφορμήν καταλείπεσθαί τινι Polyb.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> причина, повод, основание (πρός и εἴς τι Polyb.; ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν и [[διδόναι]] Dem.; ἀφορμὴν [[λαβεῖν]] τι и ἔκ τινος Polyb.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> тж. pl. средства, капитал (ἀφορμὴν δανείσασθαι Xen.; [[πίστις]] ἀ. πασῶν μεγίστη Dem.; εἰς ἀσφαλῆ πράγματα τὰς ἀφορμὰς [[καταθεῖναι]] Plut.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> (у стоиков) отклонение, удаление (ἡ ἀ. [[λόγος]] [[ἀπαγορευτικός]], sc. ἐστιν Plut.): ὁρμὴ καὶ ἀ. Diog. L. влечение и отвращение.