δεσμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, pl. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[δεσμά]] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>157</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Thgn.459</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.91</span>, and so mostly in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>513</span>, etc., and <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>9a</span>; but [[δεσμοί]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 525</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>518</span>,<span class="bibl">634</span>, usually in Pl., as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>793b</span>, al.: both forms in Att. Inscrr., δεσμοί <span class="title">IG</span>2.678<span class="hiitalic">B</span>48, [[δεσμά]] ib.791.31, the latter preferred by Thom. Mag.<span class="bibl">p.79R.</span> (sg. [[δεσμόν]] <span class="title">SIG</span>246 ii 36 (Delph.), Att. acc. to Hsch.): ([[δέω]] A):—[[band]], [[bond]], anything for [[tie|tying]] and [[fasten]]ing, as [[halter]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.507</span>; [[mooring]]-[[cable]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.100</span>, etc.; [[door]]-[[latch]], <span class="bibl">21.241</span>; [[yoke]]-[[strap]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.10</span>: metaph., any [[bond]] of [[union]] or [[connection]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>31c</span>, etc.; of the vowels, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>253a</span>; <b class="b3">δεσμοὶ πολιτείας</b>, of the laws, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>793b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τὰ δεσμοῦ</b> for [[bind]]ing [[material]], PTeb.120.70 (i B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in plural (never [[δεσμά]] in this sense), [[bond]]s, [[chain]]s, ἐκ δεσμῶν λυθῆναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>509</span>, <span class="bibl">770</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν ἂν ἐξ ἀγρίων δ. χαλάσῃ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">177</span>; ἐν δεσμοῖσι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>63</span>; εἰς δεσμοὺς ἄγειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>518</span>; δεσμοῖς <span class="bibl">Th.7.82</span>; [[ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν δεσμῶν]] = [[δεσμοφύλαξ]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Tox.</span>29</span>: in sg., collectively, [[bond]]s, [[imprisonment]], <b class="b3">δ. ἀχλυόεις</b> Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.77</span> ( = <span class="title">IG</span>12.394); οὐδὲν ἄξιον δεσμοῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.145</span>; ἐν. δ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>958</span>; ἐν δημοσίῳ δ. δεθείς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>864e</span>; ἔδησεν ἑαυτὸν τιμησάμενος δεσμοῦ <span class="bibl">Lys.6.21</span>: metaph. of [[moral]] [[bondage]], <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>1.38</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ligature]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 495b13</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">δ. ἄρθρου</b> in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>37</span> is expld. by Gal. adloc. as [[ankylosis]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[spell]], [[charm]], <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>3.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> = [[δέσμη]], Pap. in <span class="title">Philol.</span>80.341, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.135</span>, <span class="bibl">Eust.862.27</span>; ἀσπαράγου δ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1120.14</span> (i B. C.); δ. ἀργυρίου <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>42.27</span>; cf. [[δέσις]] ''III''.</span>

|dgtxt=-οῦ, ὁ<br /><b class="num">• Grafía:</b> graf. δεσσμ- <i>IG</i> 4².102.218, δεζμ- <i>IG</i> 4².103.80 (ambas Epidauro IV a.C.)<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> frec. plu. [[δεσμά]]<br /><b class="num">A</b> <b class="num">I</b>dicho de la forma o medio de unión<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[atadura]], [[nudo]] ἐπὶ δεσμὸν ἴηλε ... ὃν ... μιν [[δέδαε]] ... Κίρκη echó un nudo (al cofre) que le había enseñado Circe</i>, <i>Od</i>.8.447, cf. 443, 21.241, A.R.3.808, ἀμήχανα [[δεσμά]] <i>h.Merc</i>.157, λύειν δ' οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγνοοῦντας τὸν δεσμόν Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.995^a30, οἱ δεσμοὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐπάλλαξιν ἰσχὺν δι' ἀλλήλων λαμβάνουσιν Plu.2.140e.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[remache]], [[grapa]] para unir las asas a un trípode <i>Il</i>.18.379, ἀπὸ τῶν τετρακύκλων <i>IG</i> 2².1425.383 (IV a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>arq. para unir bloques de piedra o madera μόλυβδος ... τοῖς δεσμοῖς τōν λίθον <i>IG</i> 1³.472.149 (V a.C.), cf. <i>ID</i> 104-24.12 (IV a.C.), δεσμὰ σιδερᾶ δόκιμ[α τὰ] ἐκ τῶν λίθων ἐγλυθέντα <i>IG</i> 2².1627.283, cf. 1666B.90 (ambas IV a.C.), <i>CID</i> 2.59.1.23 (IV a.C.), δεσμοὺς χαλκοῦς μεγάλους <i>IG</i> 11(2).203B.94 (III a.C.), cf. Paus.5.20.6, Nonn.<i>D</i>.40.454.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[correa]], [[cuerda para varios usos, esp. sujetar o guiar animales]], [[ronzal para caballerías]] <i>Il</i>.6.507, 15.264, cf. Hdt.3.32, A.R.1.129, Artem.4.proem., para el yugo, X.<i>An</i>.3.5.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>náut. [[cordaje]], <i>Od</i>.13.100, Q.S.11.310<br /><b class="num">•</b>τὰ δεσμοῦ el material que sirve para atar o amarrar</i>, correaje</i>, <i>PTeb</i>.120.70 (I a.C.).<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[vencejo]] para atar gavillas, Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1042^b17, <i>PSarap</i>.50.9, 51.19 (ambos II d.C.).<br /><b class="num">II</b> aplicado a personas<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. intención de aprisionar:<br /><b class="num">a)</b> [[atadura]], [[cadena]] δεσμὸν ἀνίει μένος Ἡφάστοιο, τὼ δ' ἐπεὶ ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν ... la fuerza de Hefesto soltó el lazo, y ellos dos, cuando se liberaron de la atadura ...</i>, <i>Od</i>.8.359, 360, cf. 12.54, 160, 200, <i>Il</i>.1.401, Q.S.5.343, δεσμῷ ἐν ἀχλυόεντι σιδηρέῳ ἔσβεσαν ὕβριν apagaron su soberbia con obscura cadena de hierro, e.e. en obscura prisión</i> epigr. en Hdt.5.77 (= <i>IG</i> 1³.501A.1), δεσμοῖς Ἑρμείαο σιδηρείοις μιν ἔχοντες (a Ares), Orác. en <i>SEG</i> 41.1411.5, cf. 11 (Siedra II d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>frec. en plu. [[ligaduras]], [[cadenas]], [[grilletes]] incluso [[prisión]] δεσμοῖσι δέδενται Pi.<i>Fr</i>.161, ἐκ δεσμῶν λυθῆναι A.<i>Pr</i>.509, cf. Ar.<i>Th</i>.1013, 1108, <i>Pax</i> 1073, Arat.203, Sext.<i>Sent</i>.322, Q.S.2.442, 6.291, Eun.<i>VS</i> 479, 484, οἱ ... ἐκ δεσμῶν λυθέντες οὐ δύνανται τοῖς ἄλλοις ὁμοίαν ποιήσασθαι τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν Alcid.1.17, cf. Plu.2.165e, ἐν δέσμοισι con cadenas</i>, e.e. preso</i> S.<i>Fr</i>.63, cf. E.<i>Ep</i>.1.16, δεσμοῖς en prisión</i> Th.7.82, εἰς δεσμοὺς ἄγειν encadenar</i>, prender</i> E.<i>Ba</i>.518, οἳ φυγῆς ἄξια ἔρδουσιν ἢ δεσμῶν los que realizan actos dignos de la pena de destierro o de prisión</i> Democr.B 262, κακοπαθῶ μέχρι δεσμῶν sufro incluso prisión</i> 2<i>Ep.Ti</i>.2.9, λυσόμενος χαλκέων Ἰξίονα ... δεσμῶν A.R.3.62, δούλια δεσμὰ γυναικῶν A.R.<i>Fr</i>.12.13, τὸ κρίμα ἔσται ... εἰς [[δεσμά]] LXX 2<i>Es</i>.7.26, cf. Vett.Val.2.6, δεσμοὶ χεῖρες αὐτῆς sus manos son cadenas</i> LXX <i>Ec</i>.7.26, cf. <i>Ge</i>.42.27, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν δεσμῶν el carcelero</i> Luc.<i>Tox</i>.29;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> esp. [[prisión]], [[cautiverio]] ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἀνὴρ ... ὑπεκπροφύγῃ ... κρατεροῦ ὑπὸ δεσμοῦ Hes.<i>Sc</i>.43, οὐδὲν ἄξιον δεσμοῦ Hdt.3.145, [[δουλεία]] καὶ δ. X.<i>Cyr</i>.3.1.24, [[αἰκία]] δ. θάνατος Arist.<i>EN</i> 1131^a8, δ. ἢ ζημία Aen.Tact.10.19, τιμᾶσθαι δεσμοῦ considerarse a sí mismo merecedor de la pena de prisión</i> Lys.6.21, δεσμὸν καταγιγνώσκειν condenar a pena de prisión</i> D.24.152, cf. <i>IStratonikeia</i> 1101.15 (II d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. op. λύσις Aen.Gaz.<i>Thphr</i>.15.23;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> local [[prisión]], [[cárcel]] πετρώδει ... ἐν δεσμῷ S.<i>Ant</i>.958, ἐν δημοσίῳ δεσμῷ δεθείς Pl.<i>Lg</i>.864e.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[faja]], [[venda]] del recién nacido <i>h.Ap</i>.129<br /><b class="num">•</b>en usos medic. προσδῆσαι μὲν τοὺς πόδας ... δεσμῷ εὐόχῳ μέν, μαλθακῷ δέ Hp.<i>Art</i>.43, cf. 78, <i>Fract</i>.6.<br /><b class="num">III</b> medic.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[ligamento]] οἱ σπόνδυλοι ... δέδενται πρὸς ἀλλήλοις δεσμῷ μυξώδει καὶ νευρώδει Hp.<i>Art</i>.45, cf. <i>Mochl</i>.1, Arist.<i>HA</i> 495^b13, 21, <i>PA</i> 654^b28<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. [[sujeción]] ὁκόταν δὲ ῥαγέωσιν οἱ ὑμένες, τότε λύεται τοῦ δεσμοῦ τὸ ἔμβρυον Hp.<i>Nat.Puer</i>.30.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[anquilosamiento]] ἄρθρου Hp.<i>Fract</i>.37.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> fig.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[atadura]] no visible οἶνος ... δέει γλῶσσαν ... δεσμοῖς ἀφράστοισι el vino ata la lengua con ataduras invisibles</i> Hes.<i>Fr</i>.239.4, ἧς ἡ ψυχρότης [[δεσμός]] ἐστιν Archel.Phil.1a, de tipo mágico δήσω ἐγὼ κείνην ὑπὸ Τάρταρον ... δεσμοῖς ἀργαλέοις <i>IG</i> 3(3).108a.4 (III a.C.), cf. <i>IG</i> 4².122.43 (IV a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>de tipo mítico-religioso [[obligación]], [[vínculo]], [[aprisionamiento]] [[ἀίδηλος]] ὑπὸ χθόνα δ. ἔρυκε a Teseo en los infiernos, A.R.1.102, ref. a las almas impuras δεῖσθαι ἐν ἀρρήκτοις δεσμοῖς ὑπὸ Ἐρινύων Pythag.B 1a.31, cf. 2<i>Ep.Clem</i>.20.4, δεσμὰ ... τῆς ψυχῆς Pythag.B 1a.31, cf. Iust.<i>Nou</i>.7.8, ἱεροὶ δεσμοί vínculos sagrados</i> Iambl.<i>Myst</i>.3.27<br /><b class="num">•</b>de la relación del filósofo con la naturaleza [[vínculo]] o [[servidumbre]] Porph.<i>Abst</i>.1.38<br /><b class="num">•</b>en lit. crist. [[censura]] eclesiástica, Chrys.M.63.45.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en el ámbito familiar, social [[atadura]], [[vínculo]], [[lazo]] τὰ ξυμφέροντα ... ὑπὸ τῶν νόμων κείμενα δεσμὰ τῆς φύσεώς ἐστι las conveniencias dictadas por las leyes son ataduras para la naturaleza</i> Antipho Soph.B 44a.4.5, δεσμοὶ φιλίας συναγωγοί Pl.<i>Prt</i>.322c, (πάτριοι νόμοι) δεσμοὶ ... πάσης εἰσὶν πολιτείας Pl.<i>Lg</i>.793b, δεσμοὶ ἀγαπήσεως LXX <i>Os</i>.11.4, συμμαχία ὥσπερ κράτος ἢ δ. una alianza como apoyo o vínculo</i> Plu.<i>Nic</i>.10, τῆς δουλείας <i>PSI</i> 452.28 (IV d.C.).<br /><b class="num">3</b> cien. y fil. [[enlace]], [[vínculo]], [[lazo de unión o conexión]] τὰ ... φωνήεντα ... οἷον δ. διὰ πάντων (γραμμάτων) κεχώρηκεν Pl.<i>Sph</i>.253a, entre dos términos, Pl.<i>Ti</i>.31c, τοῦ αἰσθητικοῦ μορίου ... δ. καὶ [[ἀκινησία]] encadenamiento e inmovilidad de la facultad perceptiva</i> Arist.<i>Somn.Vig</i>.454^b10, δύο μὲν τὰ πρῶτα στοιχεῖα γῆ καὶ πῦρ, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ δεσμοῦ καὶ συνοχῆς χάριν προυνοήθη Porph.<i>in Tim</i>.58<br /><b class="num">•</b>del [[cordón]] de estrellas que forma parte de la constelación Piscis, Arat.242.<br /><b class="num">B</b> [[haz]] τετράκναμος ... δ. haz de cuatro radios</i>, e.e. rueda de cuatro radios</i> Pi.<i>P</i>.2.40<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[haz]], [[manojo como medida]] ἀσπαράγου <i>BGU</i> 1120.14 (I a.C.), ὀρι[γά] νου <i>Coquin.Fr.Pap</i>. en <i>Philologus</i> 80.1925.341, δᾴδων Eust.862.27. • DMic.: <i>de-so-mo</i>.