ὑπέρ: Difference between revisions

|txtha=(cf. English up, [[over]], etc.), Latin super, [[over]], a preposition, [[which]] stands [[before]] [[either]] the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to [[express]] the [[idea]] of [[state]] and [[rest]] or of [[motion]] [[over]] and [[beyond]] a [[place]]. I. [[with]] the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382 f (358f).<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], of [[place]], i. e. of [[position]], [[situation]], [[extension]]: [[over]], [[above]], [[beyond]], [[across]]. In [[this]] [[sense]] it does [[not]] [[occur]] in the N. T.; [[but]] [[there]] it [[always]], [[though]] joined to [[other]] classes of words, has a tropical [[signification]] [[derived]] from its [[original]] [[meaning]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> equivalent to Latin pro, for, i. e. for [[one]]'s [[safety]], for [[one]]'s [[advantage]] or [[benefit]] ([[one]] [[who]] does a [[thing]] for [[another]], is conceived of as [[standing]] or bending '[[over]]' the [[one]] whom he would [[shield]] or [[defend]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, as [[above]])): προσεύχεσθε [[ὑπέρ]] [[τῶν]] ..., T Tr marginal [[reading]] WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); L Tr WH marginal [[reading]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); (L Tr marginal [[reading]] WH [[text]]), 9; [[εὔχομαι]], R G T Tr [[text]] WH marginal [[reading]]); [[after]] [[δέομαι]], [[δέησις]], [[προσευχή]], L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); [[εἶναι]] [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος (opposed to [[κατά]] τίνος), to be for [[one]] i. e. to be on [[one]]'s [[side]], to favor and [[further]] [[one]]'s [[cause]], τό [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος [[that]] [[which]] is for [[one]]'s [[advantage]], [[ἀναθάλλω]] and [[φρονέω]], at the [[end]]); [[ἐντυγχάνω]] and [[ὑπερεντυγχάνω]], R G, 27,34; [[λέγω]], R WH [[text]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); μερίμνω, ἀγρύπνω, [[ἀγωνίζομαι]] ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, [[πρεσβεύω]], [[ζῆλος]], ); [[πόνος]], G L T Tr WH); [[σπουδή]], [[διάκονος]], ἀρχειρεα καθίστασθαι, [[τήν]] ψυχήν τιθέναι ([[ὑπέρ]] τίνος), in [[order]] to [[avert]] [[ruin]], [[death]], etc., from [[one]], τό [[αἷμα]] [[αὐτοῦ]] ἐκχύνειν, [[passive]], L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); WH [[reject]] the [[passage]]); ἀπολέσθαι, ἀποθνῄσκειν, L T Tr WH); T Tr WH [[text]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); L T Tr WH [[text]]); γεύεσθαι θανάτου, σταυρωθῆναι, L [[text]] Tr marginal [[reading]] WH marginal [[reading]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); (of God giving up his Song of Solomon, παραδιδόναι τινα ἑαυτόν, διδόναι ἑαυτόν, [[ἀντίλυτρον]], τό [[σῶμα]] [[αὐτοῦ]] διδόναι, [[passive]], WH [[reject]] the [[passage]]), cf. τυθῆναι (θυθῆναι, [[see]] [[θύω]], at the [[beginning]]), [[παθεῖν]], R G WH marginal [[reading]]; 4:1 R G); ἁγιάζειν ἑαυτόν, [[ὑπέρ]], [[like]] the Latin pro and [[our]] for, comes to [[signify]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in the [[place]] of, [[instead]] of ([[which]] is [[more]] [[precisely]] expressed by [[ἀντί]]; [[hence]], the [[two]] prepositions are interchanged by Irenaeus, adv. haer. 5,1, τῷ ἰδίῳ αἵματι λυτρωσαμένου [[ἡμᾶς]] [[τοῦ]] κυρίου [[καί]] δόντος [[τήν]] ψυχήν [[ὑπέρ]] [[τῶν]] ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν [[καί]] [[τήν]] σάρκα [[τήν]] [[ἑαυτοῦ]] [[ἀντί]] [[τῶν]] ἡμετέρων σαρκῶν): [[ἵνα]] [[ὑπέρ]] [[σου]] μοι διακονῇ, [[ὑπέρ]] [[τῶν]] νεκρῶν βαπτίζεσθαι ([[see]] [[βαπτίζω]], at the [[end]]), L [[text]] Tr [[text]] WH [[text]]); in expressions [[concerning]] the [[death]] of Christ: [[εἷς]] [[ὑπέρ]] πάντων ἀπέθανεν (for the [[inference]] is [[drawn]] [[ἄρα]] οἱ πάντες [[ἀπέθανον]], i. e. [[all]] are reckoned as [[dead]]), [[ὑπέρ]], [[see]] Meyer and Van Hengel on Philemon, the passages cited; Wieseler on Trench, Synonyms, § lxxxii.; Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) [[note]].) Since [[anything]], [[whether]] of an [[active]] or [[passive]] [[character]] [[which]] is undertaken on [[behalf]] of a [[person]] or [[thing]], is undertaken 'on [[account]] of' [[that]] [[person]] or [[thing]], [[ὑπέρ]] is used<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of the impelling or [[moving]] [[cause]]; on [[account]] of, for the [[sake]] of, [[any]] [[person]] or [[thing]]: [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς [[τοῦ]] κόσμου ζοης, to [[procure]] (true) [[life]] for [[mankind]], to do or [[suffer]] [[anything]] [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] ὀνόματος Θεοῦ, Ἰησοῦ, [[τοῦ]] κυρίου: πάσχειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς βασιλείας [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, στενοχωριαι [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, [[ὑπέρ]] etc. [[here]] [[with]] εὐδοκῶ); ἀποθνῄσκειν [[ὑπέρ]] Θεοῦ, Ignatius ad Romans 4 [ET]. examples [[with]] a genitive of the [[thing]] are, [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς εὐδοκίας, to [[satisfy]] (his) [[good]]-[[pleasure]], δοξάζειν, εὐχαριστεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος (genitive of the [[thing]]), [[ὑπέρ]] πάντων, for [[all]] favors, ἐυηξαρίστειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[with]] a genitive of the [[person]], L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); ἀγῶνα ἔχειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[with]] a genitive of the [[person]] L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); [[ὑπέρ]] ([[τῶν]]) ἁμαρτιῶν (or ἀγνοημάτων), to [[offer]] sacrifices, L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); ἀποθανεῖν, of Christ, ἑαυτόν [[δοῦναι]], R WH [[text]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]).<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Like the Latin super (cf. Klotz, HWB, d. Latin Spr. ii, p. 1497b; (Harpers' Latin Dict. [[under]] the [[word]], II. B. 2b.)), it [[frequently]] refers to the [[object]] [[under]] [[consideration]], [[concerning]], of, as respects, [[with]] [[regard]] to (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21); examples from [[secular]] authors are given in Winer's Grammar, 383 (358f)); so [[after]] καυχᾶσθαι, [[καύχημα]], [[καύχησις]] (R. V. on [[behalf]] of): L T Tr WH εγ((or εν() καυχᾶσθαι); φυσιουσθαι, [[φυσιόω]], 2at the [[end]])); [[ἐλπίς]], ἀγνοεῖν, 8 ([[here]] L T Tr WH marginal [[reading]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); φρονεῖν, ἐρωτᾶν, κράζειν, to [[proclaim]] [[concerning]], παρακαλεῖν, G L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); [[after]] [[εἰπεῖν]], L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); (so [[after]] verbs of [[saying]], [[writing]], etc., [[εἴτε]] [[ὑπέρ]] Τίτου, [[whether]] [[inquiry]] be made [[about]] [[Titus]], [[ὑπέρ]] [[τούτου]], [[concerning]] [[this]], [[ὑπέρ]] and [[περί]] are [[confounded]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) [[note]]; § 50,3; Buttmann, § 147,21; Kühner, § 435, I:2e.; Meisterhans, § 49,12; [[also]] Wieseler or Ellicott on Galatians, as [[below]]; Meyer on [[περί]], the [[passage]] cited δ.)); [[this]] occurs in the [[following]] passages: [[ὑπέρ]] ἐκ περισσοῦ or [[ὑπέρ]] ἐκπερισσοῦ, [[see]] [[ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ]].) II. [[with]] the accusative (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49, e.); [[over]], [[beyond]], [[away]] [[over]]; [[more]] [[than]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], of the [[place]] '[[over]]' or '[[beyond]]' [[which]], as in the Greek writings from Homer down; [[not]] [[thus]] used in the N. T., [[where]] it is [[always]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[metaphorically]], of the [[measure]] or [[degree]] exceeded (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]]: [[εἶναι]] [[ὑπέρ]] τινα, to be [[above]] i. e. [[superior]] to [[one]], τό [[ὄνομα]] τό [[ὑπέρ]] [[πᾶν]] [[ὄνομα]] [[namely]], ὄν, the [[name]] [[superior]] to [[every]] ([[other]]) [[name]], κεφαλήν [[ὑπέρ]] πάντα [[namely]], οὖσαν, the [[supreme]] [[head]] or [[lord]] (A. V. [[head]] [[over]] [[all]] things), [[ὑπέρ]] [[δοῦλον]] [[ὄντα]], [[more]] [[than]] a [[servant]], [[more]] [[than]] (R. V. [[beyond]]), [[ὑπέρ]] πάντα, [[above]] (i. e. [[more]] and greater [[than]]) [[all]], [[ὑπέρ]] [[τήν]] λαμπρότητα [[τοῦ]] ἡλίου, [[above]] (i. e. [[surpassing]]) the [[brightness]] of the [[sun]], [[more]] (to a greater [[degree]]) [[than]], φιλεῖν τινα [[ὑπέρ]] τινα, [[beyond]], [[ὑπέρ]] ὁ δύνασθε, [[beyond]] [[what]] ye are [[able]], [[beyond]] [[your]] [[strength]], Winer's Grammar, 590 (549)); [[also]] [[ὑπέρ]] δύναμιν, [[κατά]] δύναμιν (as in [[Homer]], Iliad 3,59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' [[ὑπέρ]] Αισαν, cf. 6,487; 17,321. 327), L T Tr WH [[παρά]] δύναμιν).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> [[with]] words implying [[comparison]]: προκόπτειν, ή῾ττασθαι, Winer's Grammar, § 49e.), ([[πλεονάζω]], 1Esdr. 8:72; [[περισσεύω]], ὑπερβάλω, [[than]], Winer's Grammar, § 35,2; (Buttmann, § 147,21).<br /><b class="num">c.</b> [[ὑπέρ]] is used adverbially; as, [[ὑπέρ]] [[ἐγώ]] (L [[ὑπερεγώ]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 46 (45)), WH [[ὑπέρ]] [[ἐγώ]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14,2Note)), [[much]] [[more]] (or in a [[much]] greater [[degree]]) I, Kypke at the [[passage]]; Winer's Grammar, 423 (394). (For [[ὑπέρ]] [[λίαν]] [[see]] [[ὑπερλίαν]].) III. In Composition [[ὑπέρ]] denotes<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[over]], [[above]], [[beyond]]: [[ὑπεράνω]], [[ὑπερέκεινα]], [[ὑπερεκτείνω]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[excess]] of [[measure]], [[more]] [[than]]: [[ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ]], [[ὑπερνικάω]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[aid]], for; in defense of: [[ὑπερεντυγχάνω]]. Cf. Viger. edition Hermann, p. 668; Fritzsche on Romans, vol. i., p. 351; (Ellicott on Ephesians 3:20).