ὑπέρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], Ep. also [[ὑπείρ]], used by Hom. (metri gr.) only in the phrase [[ὑπεὶρ ἅλα]] (v. [[ὑπείρ]]); Arc. [[ὁπέρ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): in Aeol. replaced by [[περί]] (v. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[περί]] A. V): Prep. governing gen. and acc., in Arc. also dat. (Cf. Skt. upaári '[[above]]', Goth. ufar, OE. ofer '[[over]]':—from it are formed the Comp.and Sup. [[ὑπέρτερος]], [[ὑπέρτατος]], also Adv. [[ὕπερθεν]], and Nouns [[ὑπέρα]], [[ὕπερος]].) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENIT., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[over]]; </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in a state of rest, [[over]], [[above]], freq. in Hom., βάλε . . στέρνον ὑπέρ μαζοῖο <span class="bibl">Il.4.528</span>; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑπέρ γονάτων = not [[reach]]ing to the [[knee]]s, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.13</span>; ἕστηκε . . ὅσον τ' ὄργυι' ὑπέρ αἴης <span class="bibl">Il.23.327</span>; εἴθ' ὑπέρ γῆς, εἴτ' ἐπὶ γῆς, εἴθ' ὑπὸ γῆς <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Ign.</span>1</span>; [[στῆ δ' ἄρ' ὑπέρ κεφαλῆς]] = stood [[over]] his [[head]] as he [[lay]] [[asleep]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.803</span>, al.; πασάων ὕπερ ἥ γε κάρη ἔχει <span class="bibl">6.107</span>; ὑπέρ πόλιος, ὅθι Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, ἦα <span class="bibl">16.471</span>; ὑπέρ κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι [[over]] [[head]], i. e. over the [[gateway]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.187</span>; ὑπέρ τῆς ὀροφῆς <span class="title">IG</span>12.373.246; [[ὑπέρ τοῦ ἀγάλματος]] ib.264; ὄρος τὸ ὑπέρ Τεγέης <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.105</span>; [[τὰ ὑπέρ κεφαλῆς]] the higher ground, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>2.20</span>; Ἰονίας ὑπέρ ἁλὸς οἰκέων = on the [[Ionian]] [[sea]], i.e. on its shores, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.65</span>; λιμὴν καὶ πόλις ὑπέρ αὐτοῦ κεῖται <span class="bibl">Th.1.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.40.14</span>: of relative geographical position, [[above]], [[farther]] [[inland]], οἰκέοντες ὑπέρ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.175</span>; ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τῆς ὑπέρ Αἰγύπτου <span class="bibl">Th.2.48</span>; τοῖς ὑπέρ Χερρονήσου Θρᾳξίν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.2</span>; ὑπέρ Μασσαλίας <span class="bibl">Plb.2.14.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.73.3</span>, al.: in Hellenistic Gr. the acc. is commoner in this sense, v. infr. B. I. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of ships at sea, [[off]] a place, <span class="bibl">Th.1.112</span>, <span class="bibl">8.95</span>; ναυμαχίην τὴν ὑπέρ Μιλήτου γενομένην <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.25</span>; ὑπέρ τούτου (sc. Φαλήρου) <b class="b3"> ἀνακωχεύσαντες τὰς νέας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">116</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in a state of motion, [[over]], [[across]], κῦμα νηὸς ὑπέρ τοίχων καταβήσεται <span class="bibl">Il.15.382</span>; τὸν δ' ὑπέρ οὐδοῦ βάντα προσηύδα <span class="bibl">Od.17.575</span>; πηδῶντος . . τάφρων ὕπερ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1279</span>; ὑπέρ θαλάσσης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>576</span>; [[ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑπέρ [τῶν ξιφῶν]]] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>2.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[over]], [[beyond]], ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑπέρ πόντου <span class="bibl">Od.13.257</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., [[in defence of]], [[on behalf of]], τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ <span class="bibl">Il.7.449</span>; ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑπέρ Δαναῶν <span class="bibl">1.444</span>: generally, [[for the prosperity of]] or [[for the safety of]], τὰ ἱερὰ ὑπέρ τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.65, cf. 45.5; ἱερὰ θυόμενα ὑπέρ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.2.13</span>; ἐπιτελεῖν τὰς θυσίας ὑπέρ τε ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>14.27</span> (ii B.C.); in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ' ἀνέθηκεν . . εὐξαμένη . . ὑπέρ παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς <span class="title">IG</span>12.524, cf. 22.4403, 42(1).569 (Epid.); Ἀρτέμιδι Σωτείρᾳ ὑπέρ βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου Ἐπικράτης Ἀθηναῖος <span class="title">OGI</span>18 (Egypt, iii B. C.), cf. 365 (Amasia, ii B. C.), al.; ὑπέρ τῆς εἰς αἰῶνα διαμονῆς Ἀντωνείνου Καίσαρος ib.702.3 (Egypt, ii A.D.); ὑπέρ τῆς τύχης . . Ἀντωνείνου Σεβαστοῦ Εὐσεβοῦς ib.703.2 (Ptolemais, ii A.D.); ὑπέρ [[σωτηρία]]ς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν . . Ἀντωνείνου ib.706 (Egypt, ii/iii A. D.); εὑδόντων ὕπερ φρούρημα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>705</span>; ὑπέρ τινὸς [[κινδυνεύειν]], [[μάχεσθαι]], [[βοηθεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>642c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.6</span>; ἧς ἔθνῃσχ' ὕπερ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>708</span>; ὑπέρ γῆς τῆς Ἀθηναίων [[ναυμαχέειν]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.70</span>; ὑπέρ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀμῦναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>692d</span>; [[ἀμυνῶ ὑπέρ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων]] Jusj. ap. <span class="bibl">Poll.8.105</span>; νῦν ὑπέρ πάντων ἀγών <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 405</span>; ὑπέρ δόξης τελευτήσαντες <span class="bibl">D.23.210</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.93</span>; πάνθ' ὑπέρ ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑπέρ ἄλλου τινός in your [[interest]]s, <span class="bibl">D.20.80</span>, cf. 83; ὑπέρ τῆς Ἀσίας στρατηγήσας <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.154</span>; of things sought, ὑπέρ τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.225</span>; ἀφίκετο ὑπέρ γενεᾶς, ὑπέρ φωνᾶς, ὑπέρ τοῦ θησαυροῦ, <span class="title">IG</span>42 (1).121.10,42, 123.11 (Epid., iv B.C.); γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑπέρ τῆς οἰκίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>68.3</span> (ii B. C.); sometimes even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕπερ, about [[slavery]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>111</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[for]], [[instead of]], [[in the name of]], ὑπέρ ἑαυτοῦ τι [[προϊδεῖν]] [[on]] his own [[behalf]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>; ὑπέρ τινὸς ἀποκρίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>590a</span>; προλέγειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.3</span>; ἐπεὶ οὖν σὺ σιωπᾷς, ἐγὼ λέξω καὶ ὑπέρ σοῦ καὶ ὑπέρ ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>554</span>; ὑπέρ Ζήνωνος [[πράσσων]] = [[as]] Zeno's [[representative]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.389.8</span> (iii B. C.); ἔγραψεν ὑπέρ αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.17.9</span> (ii B. C.); θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ' ἔσεσθ' ὑπέρ Φιλίππου as though by [[commission]] from P., <span class="bibl">D.3.6</span>; so in other dialects c. acc., v. infr. B. v. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as [[representative]] of another, [[τῶν ὕπερ ἐνθάδ' ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων]], i. e. [[I entreat you as they would if they were here]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.665</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">660</span>; then more metaph., [[by]], λίσσομ' ὑπέρ ψυχῆς (as you [[value]] your [[life]]) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων <span class="bibl">22.338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.466</span>; λίσσομ' ὑπέρ θυέων καὶ δαίμονος . . σῆς τ' αὐτοῦ κεφαλῆς καὶ ἑταίρων <span class="bibl">Od.15.261</span>; λίσσου' ὑπέρ μακάρων σέο τ' αὐτῆς ἠδὲ τοκήων <span class="bibl">A.R.3.701</span>; ὑπέρ ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός = [[in the name of]] [[Zeus]], <span class="title">AP</span>7.499.2 (Theaet.); so Aeol. περ (v. περί A. V). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of the cause or motive, [[for]], [[because of]], [[by reason of]], ἀλγέων ὕπερ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1125</span> (lyr.); ὑπέρ παθέων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>159</span> (lyr.); ἔριδος ὕπερ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>490</span> (lyr.); of punishment or reward, [[for]], [[on account of]], τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ' ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕπερ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>932</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.11.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.43</span>, <span class="bibl">4.20</span>, <span class="bibl">13.41</span>,42, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.4</span>; [[ἀτῆθθαι ὑ]]. [[τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα]] the father's property shall pay the fine [[for]] the father, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>11.42; ἀποτεισάτω ὁ δεσπότης ὑπέρ τοῦ δούλου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span> 1.198</span> (iii B. C.); [[τοῦτον]] (viz. a [[runaway]] [[slave]]) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑπέρ τοῦ προγεγραμμένου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>121.24</span> (ii B. C.); τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑπέρ τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον = as a [[thank offering]] for . ., Sammelb.3926.12 (i B. C.); ὑπέρ ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.57</span>; ἀποδοῦναι χάριν ὑπέρ ὧν . . ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους εὐεργέτησεν <span class="bibl">Id.4.56</span>; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑπέρ ἑκάστου <span class="title">IG</span>12.140.2; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑπέρ [[Ἡρακλείδης|Ἡρακλείδου]] [[on account of]] [[Heraclides]], i.e. debiting [[Heraclides]]'s account, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>16</span> (i B. C.); μετρήσω ὑπέρ σοῦ εἰς τὸ [[δημόσιον]] for the [[credit]] of your [[account]], PAmh.2.88.22 (ii A. D.); ὑπέρ [[λαογραφία]]ς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span> iii 80</span> (i A. D.); ὑπέρ λόγου ἀννώνης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.</span>1479</span> (iii A. D.); ὑπέρ ὧν ἔμαθεν [[καταβαλεῖν]] [[μισθό]]ν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>3.126a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>3.39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[ὑπέρ τοῦ μή]] c. inf., [[for the purpose of preventing]] or [[for the purpose of avoiding]], ὑπέρ τοῦ μηδένα . . βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>4.3</span>; ὑπέρ τοῦ μὴ ποιεῖν τὸ προσταττόμενον <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.80</span>; τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπέμειναν . . ὑπέρ τοῦ μὴ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιῆσαι <span class="bibl">D.18.204</span>: also without [[μή]], [[for the sake of]], ὑπέρ τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις [[ἐπιτάττειν]] ἐθέλειν [[ἀποθνῄσκειν]] = to be [[ready]] to [[die]] [[for the sake of]]... <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.94</span>; μὴ τοσαύτην ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν ὑπέρ τοῦ βλάψαι τοὺς πολεμίους ἡλίκην ὑπέρ τοῦ μηδὲν αὐτοὺς παθεῖν δεινόν <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.32.1</span>, <span class="bibl">5.86.8</span>: this constr. is found also in signf. A. 111. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[concerning]], ὑπέρ σέθεν αῐσχε' ἀκούω <span class="bibl">Il.6.524</span>; κᾶρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑπέρ καλλινίκου ἅρμασι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.32</span>; Σκύθαι μὲν ὧδε ὑπέρ σφέων τε αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς χώρης τῆς κατύπερθε λέγουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπέρ ἑκάστων [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Id.2.123</span>; τοὺς ὑπέρ τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>20</span>; [[διαλεχθῆναι]], [[ἀγορεύειν]] ὑπέρ τινός, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>776e</span>; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι [[εἰρήσθω]], ὑπέρ ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει [[λέγειν]] . . <span class="bibl">Lys.24.4</span>, cf. 21, <span class="bibl">16.20</span>; ὑπέρ οὗ . . ὁμολογῶ . . διαφέρεσθαι τούτοις <span class="bibl">D.18.31</span>; βουλευομένων ὑπέρ τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] <span class="bibl">Id.19.94</span>; ἔγραψάς μοι ὑπέρ τῶν καμίνων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> 273.2</span> (iii B. C.); ἐνεκάλουν ὑπέρ σύκων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>6.554.24</span> (iii B. C.); ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑπέρ τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν . . ὄλυραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>46.4</span> (ii B. C.); συλλαλήσαντες ὑπέρ τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις <span class="bibl">Plb.1.43.1</span>; [[θροῦς]] ὑπέρ τοῦ τὸν [[Λυκοῦργος|Λυκοῦργον]] [[ἐκπέμπειν]] = [[talk]] [[of]] [[send]]ing [[Lycurgus]], <span class="bibl">Id.5.18.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6</span>; γνώμην ὑπέρ τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.93</span>; ὑπέρ τῶν τούτου λῃτουργιῶν . . ὡδὶ γιγνώσκω <span class="bibl">D.21.152</span>; ἐκ τῶν ἐμφανῶν ὑπέρ τῶν ἀφανῶν πιστεύειν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span> 4.138b</span>; with vbs. expressing emotion, ποίας . . γυναικὸς ἐκφοβεῖσθ' ὕ.; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>989</span>; εἰ τὰ παρὰ σοὶ καλῶς ἔχει, θάρρει ὑπέρ ἐκείνων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.17</span>; οὐδεὶς ὑπέρ μου δαιμόνων μηνίεται κατασφαγείσης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>101</span> (approaching sense <span class="bibl">11.1</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> WITH ACCUS., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]] in reference to [[motion]], [[over]], [[beyond]], freq. in Hom., e.g. ὑπέρ ὦμον ἤλυθ' ἀκωκή <span class="bibl">Il.5.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">851</span>; ἀλάλησθε . . ὑπεἰρ ἅλα <span class="bibl">Od.3.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.135</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>250</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1145</span> (lyr.); ὑπέρ τὸν δρύφακτον ὑπερτιθέμενοι <span class="bibl">Plb.1.22.10</span>: without such reference, ὑπέρ Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>108e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>1.6d</span>; τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑπέρ τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπερίσχον <span class="bibl">Plb.3.84.9</span>; τῶν ὑπέρ τὸ Σαρδῷον πέλαγος τόπων <span class="bibl">Id.2.14.6</span>; ὑπέρ Μασσαλίαν <span class="bibl">Id.2.16.1</span>; λόφον κείμενον ὑπέρ τὴν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Id.2.27.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.47.2</span>, al.; τῶν συριῶν ὑπέρ τὴν σκηνὴν οὐσῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span> 1.38.7</span> (iii B. C.); οὐλὴ . . ὑπέρ ὀφρὺν δεξιάν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>76.13</span> (iii B. C.); τὸ ὑπέρ τὸν ἔσχατον . . σπόνδυλον <span class="bibl">Sor.1.102</span>; ὑπέρ τὸν οὐρανόν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span> 4.135a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of Measure, [[above]], [[exceeding]], [[beyond]], ὑπέρ τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.28</span>; ὑπέρ τὸ βέλτιστον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>378</span> (lyr.); ὑπέρ ἐλπίδα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>366</span> (lyr.); ὑπέρ δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Th.6.16</span>; μεγέθει ὑπέρ τοὺς ἐν τῇ νηΐ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 488b</span>; ὑπέρ ἄνθρωπον εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>839d</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Vit.Auct.</span>2</span>; [[ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς]] [[beyond our powers]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>128b</span>; ὑπέρ τὴν ἀξίαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>146</span>; ὑπέρ τὴν οὐσίαν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>372b</span>; [[ὑπέρ τὸ ὕδωρ]] (cf. ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">1.4</span>) <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pr.Im.</span>29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after Comp., [[than]], [[δυνατώτεροι ὑπέρ]]. . <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>18.26</span>: so after Posit., [[τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὑπέρ αὐτόν]] [[better than]] he, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>2.32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of [[transgression]], [[in violation of]], [[ὑπέρ αἶσαν]], opp. [[κατ' αἶσαν]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.59</span>, al.; ὑπέρ Διὸς αἶσαν <span class="bibl">17.321</span>; ὑπέρ μοῖραν <span class="bibl">20.336</span>; [[ὑπέρ μόρον]] (or [[ὑπέρμορον]]) ib.<span class="bibl">30</span>; ὑπέρ θεόν <span class="bibl">17.327</span>; ὑπέρ ὅρκια <span class="bibl">3.299</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of Number, [[above]], [[upwards of]], τὰ ὑπέρ δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] <span class="title">IG</span>12.41.23, cf. 22.48, al.; ὑπέρ τεσσεράκοντα ἄνδρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.64</span>; [[ὑπέρ τετταράκοντα]] (sc. [[ἔτη]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.13</span>; ὑπέρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονόσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.4</span>; [[ὑπέρ ἥμισυ]] = [[more than half]], ib.<span class="bibl">3.3.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of [[time]], [[beyond]], i.e. [[before]], [[earlier than]], ὁ ὑπέρ τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος <span class="bibl">Th.1.41</span>; ὑπέρ τὴν φθοράν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>23c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> in some dialects, in sense A. 11.1,2, [[on behalf of]], ὑπέρ τὰν πόλιν <span class="title">SIG</span>437 (Delph., iii B. C.), al., cf. <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).109iv113 (Epid., iii B. C.), 5(2).438-40,442 (Megalop., ii B. C.), 42(1).380,665 (Epid., i A. D.), <span class="title">IPE</span>4.71.10 (Cherson., ii A. D.); in sense A. 111, [[concerning]], ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑπέρ ὑμᾶς <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ru.</span>1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> WITH DAT., only Arc., [[μαχόμενοι ὑπέρ τᾷ τᾶς πόλιος ἐλευθερίᾳ]] fighting [[for . .]], IG5(2).16 (Tegea, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: [[ὑπέρ]] may follow its Subst., but then by anastrophe becomes [[ὕπερ]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.339</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.450</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1444</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> AS ADV., [[over-much]], [[above measure]], ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 627</span> (lyr.); also written [[ὑπεράγαν]], <span class="bibl">Str.3.2.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>3.38</span>, etc.; cf. [[ὑπέρφευ]]: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσι; [[ὑπὲρ ἐγώ]] [[I am]] [[more]] [than they], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">F</span> IN COMPOS. [[ὑπέρ]] signifies [[over]], [[above]], in all relations, e. g., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of [[place]], [[over]], [[beyond]], as in [[ὑπεράνω]], [[ὑπέργειος]], [[ὑπερβαίνω]], [[ὑπερπόντιος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of doing a thing [[for]] or [[in defence of]], as in [[ὑπερμαχέω]], [[ὑπερασπίζω]], [[ὑπεραλγέω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[above measure]], as in [[ὑπερήφανος]], [[ὑπερφίαλος]].</span>