φρήν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, gen. [[φρενός]], pl. [[φρένες]], gen. [[φρενῶν]], dat. [[φρεσί]]: older dat. pl. [[φρασί]] (ν) <span class="title">IG</span>12.971 (vi B. C.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.62</span>, <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>909 (Halic., i B. C.): (v. sub fin.): <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[midriff]], κραδία φρένα λακτίζει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>881</span> (anap.); elsewhere always in plural, ἔνθα φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφ' ἁδινὸν κῆρ <span class="bibl">Il.16.481</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">VM</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>41</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς φρένας διάφραγμα εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦ θώρακος καὶ τοῦ κύτους</b>) τιθέντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>70a</span>; τοῦτο δὲ τὸ διάζωμα καλοῦσί τινες φρένας, ὃ διορίζει τόν τε πλεύμονα καὶ τὴν καρδίαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>672b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>496b11</span>, <span class="bibl">506a6</span>; also, in Hom., more vaguely, πρὸς στῆθος ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Od.9.301</span>; μένεος φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντ' <span class="bibl">Il.1.103</span>, al.; φρένας . . εἰς αὐτὰς τυπείς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>363</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>159</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[heart]], as seat of the passions, e.g. of fear, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός <span class="bibl">Il.10.10</span>; of joy and grief, φρένα τέρπεσθαι φόρμιγγι <span class="bibl">9.186</span>; γάνυται φρένα ποιμήν <span class="bibl">13.493</span>; τί σε φρένας ἵκετοπένθος; <span class="bibl">1.362</span>; ἄχος πύκασε φρένας <span class="bibl">8.124</span>; ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψε <span class="bibl">3.442</span>; of anger, <span class="bibl">Od.6.147</span>; of courage, ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il. 13.487</span>; ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη <span class="bibl">22.475</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.202</span>, etc.; of bodily appetites, such as hunger, etc., <span class="bibl">11.89</span>: the shades of the dead are without it, ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν <span class="bibl">23.104</span> (exc. the shade of Teiresias, <span class="bibl">Od.10.493</span>): so generally in Poets, φρενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἄλγεα κεῖται Sol. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>5.2</span>; κῆλα δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.12</span>; φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>379</span>; μαινομένα φρενί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>484</span> (lyr.); στυγεῖν μιᾷ φρενί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>986</span> (lyr.); Διὸς γὰρ δυσπαραίτητοι φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>34</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ φρενός</b> from one's [[very heart]], <b class="b3">ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος</b> a [[sincere]] speech, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>107</span>; ἐτύμως δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>919</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός</b> not [[superficially and carelessly]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>805</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">φρενὸς ἐκ φιλίας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1515</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">546</span>; <b class="b3">φῦσαι φρένας</b> to produce [[a haughty spirit]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1463</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[mind]], as seat of the mental faculties, perception, thought, ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Il.22.296</span>; μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί <span class="bibl">9.600</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίξαι, βάλλεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.438</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.434</span>; ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν <span class="bibl">2.301</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσί θῆκε</b> put in his [[mind]], [[suggested]] it, <span class="bibl">1.55</span>; σφῶϊν δ' ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν <span class="bibl">13.55</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">121</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.297</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φρένας παραπεῖσαι, πείθειν</b>, <span class="bibl">7.120</span>, <span class="bibl">16.842</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπιγνάμπτει φρένας</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[νόον]]) ἐσθλῶν <span class="bibl">9.514</span>; Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν <span class="bibl">10.45</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειός</b> rich (only) [[in his imagination]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>455</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρθᾷ, ἐλευθέρᾳ φρενί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.57</span>; φρένες γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόφουν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 767</span>; ἡ γλῶσσ' ὀμώμοχ', ἡ δὲ φ. ἀνώμοτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>612</span>; κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.1.193</span>, al.: pl., [[wits]], Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος <span class="bibl">Od.9.362</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">454</span>, <span class="bibl">18.331</span>; πλήγη φρένας ἂς πάρος εἶχεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.394</span>; ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας <span class="bibl">16.403</span>; βλάπτε φρένας Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας <span class="bibl">15.724</span>; ἐξ… τοι θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν <span class="bibl">7.360</span>; <b class="b3">φρένας ἄφρων, φρένας ἠλέ</b> or [[ἠλεέ]], <span class="bibl">4.104</span>, <span class="bibl">15.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.243</span>: of losing one's [[wits]], <b class="b3">φρενῶν ἀφεστάναι, ἐκστῆναι, μεθεστάναι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>865</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1021</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>944</span>; τὰς φ. ἐκβάλλειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>648</span>; ἔξω φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.47</span>; φρενῶν οὐκ ἔνδον ὤν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 709</span>; φρενῶν κεκομμένος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>479</span> (lyr.); κενός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>754</span>; τητώμενοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1326</span>; [[ἔξεδροι]], [[παράκοποι]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>935</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>33</span>; ποῦ ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>390</span>; φρένες διάστροφοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>673</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>447</span>; μαργότης φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>; ἀνακίνησις φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>727</span>, etc.; of persons in their senses, ἐπήβολος φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>492</span>; ἀνδρὸς νοῦν ἔχοντος καὶ φρένας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>535</span> (lyr.) (so in later Prose, οἱ φρένας ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.19</span>, <span class="title">Rh.</span>1.240S.; <b class="b3">οἱ τῶν σοφιστῶν τὰς κοινὰς φ. ἔχοντες</b> ib.202S.); also ἔσω φρενῶν λέγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1052</span>; γράφου φρενῶν ἔσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1325</span>; τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>153</span>; [[φρένες]], opp. [[σῶμα]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>; so αἱ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>387</span>; attributed to animals, μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή <span class="bibl">Il.4.245</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.157</span>, etc.—The word is not common in early Prose, τίς αὐτῶν νόος ἢ φρήν; <span class="bibl">Heraclit.104</span>; <b class="b3">συμφορὰ τῶν φ</b>., i.e. madness, <span class="bibl">And.2.7</span>; παραλλάττει τῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>90</span>; καρποῦ μὲν ἀφθονία φρενῶν δὲ ἀφορία <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.55</span>; νοῦς καὶ φρένες <span class="bibl">D.18.324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[will]], [[purpose]], οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν <span class="bibl">Il.15.194</span>; σῆς ἀπεστάτουν φ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>993</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1182</span>.—In usage there is little or no distinction observable between sg. and pl., but the sg. is not found in Prose (exc. Heraclit. l.c.) or Com. (exc. in paratrag., <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>886</span>).</span>