κάμνω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">toil, labour, build; get tired, die</b> (euphemism; almost only ep. <b class="b3">οἱ καμόντες</b>, Att. <b class="b3">οἱ κεκμηκότες</b>); [[be in danger]], [[be in need]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[καμεῖν]], fut. [[καμοῦμαι]] (Schwyzer 784), perf. [[κέκμηκα]], Dor. (Theoc.) [[κέκμακα]], ep. ptc. [[κεκμηώς]].<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>. - As 2. member in compunds: <b class="b3">ἀ-κάματος</b> [[without fatigue]] (Il.). <b class="b3">ἀ-κάμα-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-α-ντ-ος</b> [[indefatigable]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 526); more usual <b class="b3">-κμη-τ-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-τ-</b>), <b class="b3">-κμη-το-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-το-</b>), e. g. <b class="b3">ἀ-κμή-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆτ-ος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-κμητος</b> [[with much labour prepared]].<br />Derivatives: Verbal noun [[κάματος]] m. <b class="b2">labour, much demending labour, fatigue, pain</b> (Il.; on the meaning Radermacher RhM 87, 285f. [doubtful]). [[καματώδης]] [[tiring]] (Hes., Pi.), [[καματηρός]] [[tiring]], [[tired]] (Ion., h. Ven. 246; after [[ἀνιηρός]] etc.; Chantraine Formation 232, Zumbach Neuerungen 15); [[καματηδόν]] [[with fatigue]] (Man.); also the verbal forms <b class="b3">καματῶν κοπιῶν</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκαμάτευσε μετὰ κακοπαθείας εἰργάσατο</b> H. (: [[καματάω]], <b class="b3">-τεύω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [557] <b class="b2">*ḱemh₂-</b> [[exert oneself]], [[get tired]]<br />Etymology: Beside the thematic nasal present [[κάμνω]] Sanskrit has an athematic <b class="b2">nā-</b>present (type <b class="b3">δάμ-να-μι</b>): midd. <b class="b2">śam-nī-te</b> [[exert onself]], [[labour]] (Schwyzer 693). The disyll. root form is seen in the impv. <b class="b2">śamī-ṣva</b> and the agent noun in <b class="b2">śami-tár-</b> [[who prepares]], which agree with Gr. <b class="b3">κάμα-τος</b>. Also the thematic aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ον</b>, <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ε</b> has a parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">a-śam-a-t</b>, both with zero grade, <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-e/o-</b> (Schwyzer 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 391); the full grade can be seen in athematic Skt. aor. <b class="b2">á-śami-ṣ-ṭa</b> (RV), <b class="b2">*e-ḱemh₂-t</b>. The zero grade in Greek is <b class="b3">κμη-</b>, PGr. <b class="b3">κμα-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-</b> (<b class="b3">κέ-κμη-κα</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b>.), which in Sanskrit gave <b class="b2">śān-tá-</b> (ptc.); s. Rix, Hist. Gramm 1976, 73. [[κάματος]] derives from <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-etos</b>. - Certain traces of the root in other languages have not been found; perhaps in some Celtic nouns, like MIr. [[cuma]] [[trouble]], [[cumal]] <b class="b2">slave (fem.)</b>. Pok. 557. - Cf. [[κομέω]], [[κομίζω]] (< <b class="b2">*ḱomh₂-</b>).