πίπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. [[πίσσω]], acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj. πίπτῃσι <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 153.5</span>: Ep. impf. πῖπτον <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.10</span>); Ion. [[πίπτεσκον]] (συμ-) <span class="bibl">Emp.59.2</span>: fut. πεσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>971</span> (lyr.), etc.; Ion.3pl. πεσέονται <span class="bibl">Il.11.824</span>, 3sg. πεσέεται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>: aor. [[ἔπεσον]], inf. [[πεσεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.178</span>, etc.; 2sg. opt. πεσοίης <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span> 10.14</span>; Aeol. and Dor. ἔπετον <span class="bibl">Alc.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>5.50</span>, (κάπετον) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>8.38</span>, ([[ἐμπίπτω]]) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll.8</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>14.642 (Thurii); in later writers [[ἔπεσα]], <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>521</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>9.24</span>, al., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>291</span> (προς-): pf. πέπτωκα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>, etc.; Ep. part. [[πεπτεώς]], [[εῶτος]] (the εω forming one [[syllable]] by synizesis), <span class="bibl">Il.21.503</span>, etc.; also [[πεπτηώς]], [[ηυῖα]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Simon.183.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1298</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. [[πτήσσω]]; Trag. part. πεπτώς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>828</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>697</span>. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in Aeol. and Dor. aor. <b class="b3">ἔ-πετ-ον</b> (v. supr.), and the poet. form <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b>; cogn. with [[πέτομαι]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Radical sense, [[fall down]], and (when intentional) [[cast oneself down]], <b class="b3">πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.307</span>, <span class="bibl">15.435</span>, etc.; νιφάδες… π. θαμειαί <span class="bibl">12.278</span>; ὀπίσω πέσεν <span class="bibl">Od.12.410</span>; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always <b class="b3">ἐν... ἐν κονίῃσι π</b>. [[fall]] in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, <span class="bibl">Il.11.425</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.205</span>; ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας <span class="bibl">Od.22.384</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος</b> [[fall into]] his arms, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>142.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς</b> Simon.l.c. (cf. [[πτήσσω]]) π. ἐν δεμνίοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>125</span> (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose, π. ἐν ποταμῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.32</span>: c. dat. only, πεδίῳ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.5.82</span>; <b class="b3">δεμνίοις π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>88</span> ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]); π. ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">Od.24.535</span>; οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>188.4</span>; ἐπὶ γᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>134</span> (lyr.); πρὸς πέδῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 605</span>; πρὸς ἀγκάλαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>962</span>; ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>326</span>: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes., Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>620</span>; [ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>791</span>; εἰς ἄντλον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1025</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1019</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ στόμα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.13</span>; πρὸς οὖδας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>405</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, <b class="b3">χαμάδις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.7.16</span>, <span class="bibl">15.714</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">χαμαὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">4.482</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.418</span>, etc.; π. ἔραζε <span class="bibl">12.156</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.22.280</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls, ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.16.803</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>44.3</span>; ἀπό τινος ὄνου <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>701d</span>; ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία <span class="bibl">Il.5.583</span>; π. ἐκ νηός <span class="bibl">Od.12.417</span>; πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ <span class="bibl">10.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι</b> [[fall]] upon, <span class="bibl">Euc.3.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Fluit.</span> 2.8</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>; but <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι</b>, [[intersect]], [[meet]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Spir.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">π. διά τινος</b> [[pass]] through, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span> 17</span>; π. κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2; ἐπί τι κατά τινα <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg. <span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Special usages: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔν τισι</b> [[fall violently upon]], [[attack]], ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.742</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες</b> [[tumbling]] into the ships, <span class="bibl">2.175</span>); <b class="b3">ἐν βουσὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>375</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι</b> π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>782</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι</b>, of combatants, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>379</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">375</span>; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1061</span>; πρὸς πύλαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>462</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[throw oneself down]], [[fall down]], <b class="b3">πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">185</span>; ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>787</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς γόνατα</b> on one's knees, of a wrestler, <span class="bibl">Simon.156</span>; ἐς τὸν ὦμον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>571</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[fall]] in battle, πῖπτε δὲ λαός <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ πεπτωκότες</b> [[the fallen]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.24</span>; νέκυες πίπτοντες <span class="bibl">Il.10.200</span>; νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>881</span>; πεσήματα… πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>653</span>; π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.67</span>; ὡς… θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι... ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων <span class="bibl">Il.11.157</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">500</span>, etc.; τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>252</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[fall]], [[be ruined]], δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>263</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>22</span> e; πεσεῖν… πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>919</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>181b</span>; στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>50</span>; <b class="b3">ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>429</span>, <span class="bibl">398</span>; ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1078</span>; of an army, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span>; ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.16</span>; of a city, π. δορί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall]], [[sink]], <b class="b3">ἄνεμος πέσε</b> the wind [[fell]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.202</span> (but in <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>547</span>, <b class="b3">Βορέαο πεσόντος</b> is used for [[ἐμπεσόντος]], [[falling on]], [[blowing on]] one): metaph, πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>794</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>474</span> : c. dat., <b class="b3">ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν</b> [[fail]] in one's hopes, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.87.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[fall short]], [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>100e</span>; of a playwright, [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>540</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔκ τινος</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] a thing, unintentionally, <b class="b3">σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν</b> [[fall out of]], [[lose]] thy favour, <span class="bibl">Il.23.595</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐλπίδων π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>420.5</span>; τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>390</span>; also of set purpose, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρκύων π</b>. [[escape]] from... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span>; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> reversely, <b class="b3">πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.42</span>; εἰς ἄτην <span class="bibl">Sol.13.68</span>; εἰς δουλοσύνην <span class="bibl">Id.9.4</span>; ἐς δάκρυα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.21</span>; ἐς νόσον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>478</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1172</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>578.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>696</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>69</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐν γυιοπέδαις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.41</span>; ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1476</span>; ἐν φόβῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1418</span> (lyr.); ἐν σολοικισμῷ <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>3</span>; πρὸς τόλμαν S.<span class="title">Ichn.</span> 11 : c. dat. only, π. δυσπραξίαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>759</span>; αἰσχύνῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>597</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω</b> I know not which way [[to turn]], ib.<span class="bibl">705</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">εἰς ὕπνον π</b>. [[fall]] asleep, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>826</span>; but ἐν ὕπνῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).23</span>; simply [[ὕπνῳ]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>68</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν</b> to [[be applied]] to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν</b> to [[be accessible]] to perception, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Comm.Math.</span>8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.7</span> P. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός</b> [[to fall]] between her feet, i.e. to be born, <span class="bibl">Il.19.110</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> of the dice, <b class="b3">τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι</b> I shall count my master's lucky [[throws]] my own, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>32</span>; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>895</span>; ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν <span class="bibl">Alex.34</span>; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα</b> according to [[the throws]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span>; <b class="b3">ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>718</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον</b> as matters [[fall out]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>639</span>; of tossing up with oystershells, κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.153.5</span>; of lots, <b class="b3">ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί</b> or <b class="b3">παρά τινα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>619e</span>, <span class="bibl">617e</span>; ἐπί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>1.26</span>: Astrol., <b class="b3">π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης</b> Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">7.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[fall]], [[turn out]], <b class="b3">εὖ πίπτειν</b> to [[be lucky]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>603</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ γνώμαν π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.10</span>; of a battle, <b class="b3">καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται</b> to wait and see how [[it would fall]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.130</span>; <b class="b3">λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π</b>. [[turn out]] true, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>; συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>709a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[fall to]] one, i.e. to his lot, especially of revenues, [[accrue]], τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Plb.30.31.7</span>; φησιν… ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.2.62.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν πεπτωκότα</b> (sic) μοι οἰκίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>251.12</span> (ii A. D.); τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.45 (Andania, i B. C.); τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον <span class="bibl">D.H.20.17</span>; to [[be paid]], τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.12</span>; τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ… ἱερόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEleph.</span>10.2</span> (iii B. C.); π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.7</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1200.1</span> (ii B. C.); μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1032.40 (Teos); <b class="b3">πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος</b>… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span>i3</span> (iii B. C.) (but <b class="b3">τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα</b> [[deficiencies]], <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>75 (Olbia)). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[fall]], of a date or period of [[time]], π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.5.1</span>; οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Id.4.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[fall under]], [[belong to]] a class, εἰς γένη ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1005a2</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην</b> ib.<span class="bibl">982b8</span>; ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>102a37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">151a15</span>; ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1104a8</span>; ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>681b1</span>; τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.28U.</span>; ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν… ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.2.14.7</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to fall]], [[to fall off]], [[to drop down]], [[to fall out]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. [[πεσέομαι]] (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Att.), aor. [[πετεῖν]], [[ἔπετον]] (Dor. Aeol.), [[πεσεῖν]], [[ἔπεσον]] (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. <b class="b3">πεπτ-εῶτ</b>', <b class="b3">-εῶτας</b> (ep.), nom. <b class="b3">-ηώς</b> (Ion.; also of [[πτήσσω]]), <b class="b3">-ώς</b> (trag.), ind. [[πέπτωκα]], ptc. <b class="b3">-ωκώς</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. <b class="b3">πότ-μος</b> m. <b class="b2">(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death</b> (ep. poet. Il.). 2. <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b> n., often w. prefix (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc. from <b class="b3">συμ-πίπτειν</b> etc.) in diff. senses, [[fall]], [[plunge]], [[the fallen]], [[the corpse]] (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (inscr. Asia Minor), <b class="b3">-ματίς</b> f. [[tumbling cup]] (Mosch. ap. Ath.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">inclined towards falling etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> [[to bring down]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. [[falling sickness]] (Ptol.). 3. <b class="b3">πτῶ-σις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc.) f. [[fall]] (Hp., Att.), a.o. [[fall of the die]], from where as gramm. term [[form of flection]], [[case]] (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-σιμος</b> [[brought down]] (A.; after [[ἁλώσιμος]]? Arbenz 80), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>πίπτω a.o.) [[inflectable]] (Gramm.). 4. <b class="b3">πέσ-ος</b> n. [[corpse]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. [[fall]], [[the fallen down]], [[the corpse]] (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[plunge]] (vase-inscr.; after [[πτῶμα]]). 5. <b class="b3">-πετής</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">falling down, blundering into smth.</b> resp. [[falling over]], [[prepared]], [[rash]] with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πέτ-εια</b> f. (IA.); also in compounds as <b class="b3">εὑ-πετής</b> [[to turn out well]], [[convenient]], [[fortunate]] with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (IA.); <b class="b3">διι-πετής</b> s. v. 6. <b class="b3">-πτώς</b> in <b class="b3">ἀ-πτώς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶτος</b> [[not falling]] (Pi., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-πτης</b> in [[ἀπτης]] (inscr. Olympia)? -- On [[ποταμός]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*petH-</b> [[fly]], [[fall]].<br />Etymology: The remarkable [[σ]] for [[τ]] in IA. [[πεσέομαι]], <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> and [[πεσεῖν]] is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair [[πίπτω]] (with [[ī]] after [[ῥίπτω]]?): [[πετεῖν]] agrees with [[γίγνομαι]] : [[γενέσθαι]]; to this the disyllabic fut. <b class="b3">πεσέ-ομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b> and the full grades <b class="b3">πτω-</b>, <b class="b3">πτη-</b> in <b class="b3">πέ-πτω-κα</b>, <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, <b class="b3">πε-πτη-ώς</b> cannot be compared with <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γνή-σιος</b> which has <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵn̥h₁-</b> (not here [[γνωτός]]?; s. on [[γίγνομαι]]), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b> (<b class="b3">-νῶ</b>) with [[ι]] as in several <b class="b3">ν-</b>presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in [[πέτομαι]] [[fly]]; the meaning [[fall]] is also found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">pátati</b>. A point of contact show the fut. <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">pati-ṣyáti</b>; morpholog. close are also [[πότμος]] and Skt. <b class="b2">pát-man-</b> n. [[flight]], [[course]], [[path]] (would be Gr. <b class="b3">*πέτμα</b>). -- Further s. [[πέτομαι]]; cf. also [[πτήσσω]] and [[πίτυλος]] (which hardly belongs here).

|ftr='''πίπτω''': (seit Il.),<br />{pí̄ptō}<br />'''Forms''': Fut. πεσέομαι (ep. ion.), -οῦμαι (att.), Aor. πετεῖν, [[ἔπετον]] (dor. äol.), πεσεῖν, [[ἔπεσον]] (ion. att.), Perf. Ptz. Akk. πεπτεῶτ’, -εῶτας (ep.), Nom. -ηώς (ion.; auch von [[πτήσσω]]), -ώς (Trag.), Ind. [[πέπτωκα]], Ptz. -ωκώς (att.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[fallen]], [[herabfallen]], [[hinsinken]], [[ausfallen]].<br />'''Composita''' : sehr oft m. Präfix, z.B. εἰσ-, ἐκ-, ἐμ-, ἐπι-, κατα-, μετα-, περι-, προ-, συμ-, ὑπο-,<br />'''Derivative''': Zahlreiche Ableitungen. 1. [[πότμος]] m. ‘das (fallende) Los, Geschick, Tod(eslos)’ (ep. poet. seit Il.). 2. [[πτῶμα]] n., oft m. Präfix (σύμ-~ usw. von συμπίπτειν usw.) in wechselnden Bedd., [[Fall]], [[Sturz]], [[das Gefallene]], [[die Leiche]] (att. seit A., hell. u. sp.) mit Demin. -[[μάτιον]] (Inschr. Kleinas.), -[[ματίς]] f. [[Tummelbecher]] (Mosch. ap. Ath.), -ματικός [[zum Fallen geneigt]] (hell. u. sp.), -[[ματίζω]] [[zu Falle bringen]] (hell. u. sp.) mit -ματισμός m. [[Fallsucht]] (Ptol. u.a.). 3. [[πτῶσις]] (σύμ-~ usw.) f. [[Fall]] (Hp., att.), u.a. [[Fall des Würfels]], woraus als gramm. Terminus [[Flexionsform]], [[Kasus]] (Arist. usw.), mit -σιμος [[zu Falle gebracht]] (A.; nach [[ἁλώσιμος]]? Arbenz 80), -τικός (μετα-~ u.a.) [[flektierbar]] (Gramm.). 4. [[πέσος]] n. [[Leiche]] (E. in lyr.), -ημα n. [[der Fall]], [[das Herabgefallene]], [[die Leiche]] (Trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. zu v. 1131), -ωμα n. [[Sturz]] (Vaseninschr.; nach [[πτῶμα]]). 5. -πετής u.a. in περι-, [[προπετής]] [[herumfallend]], [[hineingeraten]] bzw. [[vorüberfallend]], [[bereit]], [[voreilig]] mit περι-, [[προπέτεια]] f. (ion. att.); auch in Zusammenbildungen wie [[εὐπετής]] [[gut ausfallend]], [[bequem]], [[günstig]] mit -εια f. (ion. att.); [[διιπετής]] s. bes. 6. -πτώς in [[ἀπτώς]], -ῶτος [[nicht fallend]] (Pi., Pl. u.a.); auch -πτης in ἀπτης (Inschr. Olympia)? — Zu [[ποταμός]] s. bes.<br />'''Etymology''' : Das auffallende σ für τ in ion. att. πεσέομαι, -οῦμαι und πεσεῖν ist sekundär und nicht befriedigend erklärt; vgl. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 m. Lit., 746 A. 6 und Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. — Das Formenpaar πί̄πτω (mit ''ī'' nach ῥί̄πτω) : πετεῖν deckt sich mit [[γίγνομαι]] : [[γενέσθαι]]; dazu das zweisilbige Fut. πεσέομαι für *πετέ-[σ]ομαι und die dehnstufigen πτω-, πτη- in [[πέπτωκα]], [[πτῶμα]], -σις, [[πεπτηώς]] wie [[γενέτωρ]], [[γνήσιος]] ([[γνωτός]]?; s. zu [[γίγνομαι]]), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 u. 360. Eine Neubildung ist [[πίτνω]] (-νῶ) mit ι wie in mehreren ν-Präsentia (Schwyzer 695). — Das ganze System stellt eine spezifisch griechische Abzweigung des auch in [[πέτομαι]] [[Riegen]] vorliegenden alten Verbs dar; die Bed. [[fallen]] findet sich noch u.a. in aind. ''pátati''. Einen Berührungspunkt zeigen die Fut. *πετέ-[σ]ομαι: aind. ''pati''-''ṣyáti''; morphologisch benachbart sind auch [[πότμος]] und aind. ''pát''-''man''- n. [[Flug]], [[Bahn]], [[Pfad]] (wäre gr. *πέτμα). — Weiteres s. [[πέτομαι]]; vgl. auch [[πτήσσω]] und [[πίτυλος]].<br />'''Page''' 2,542-543