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σφαῖρα: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=sfaira | |Transliteration C=sfaira | ||
|Beta Code=sfai=ra | |Beta Code=sfai=ra | ||
|Definition=ας, ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[ball]], <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ παίζειν</b> play [[at ball]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">σφαῖραν ἔρριψε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">115</span>; σ. καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο <span class="bibl">8.372</span>; <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ ἀν' ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">377</span>; ὥσπερ σφαῖραν ἐκδεξάμενος τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span> 277b</span>; <b class="b3">ῥαπτὴ | |Definition=ας, ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[ball]], <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ παίζειν</b> play [[at ball]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">σφαῖραν ἔρριψε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">115</span>; σ. καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο <span class="bibl">8.372</span>; <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ ἀν' ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">377</span>; ὥσπερ σφαῖραν ἐκδεξάμενος τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span> 277b</span>; <b class="b3">ῥαπτὴ σφαῖρα</b> <span class="title">AP</span>12.44 (Glauc.), cf. <span class="bibl">Nicom.Com.1.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.234</span>; διὰ σφαίρας . . ἐκπονῆσαι τὸ σῶμα Gal.6.134, cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.1.49</span>,<span class="bibl">93</span>; ἡ διὰ τῆς σ. [[ὄρχησις]] <span class="bibl">Ath.1.14d</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">σφαῖραν ἐποίησε τὴν οὐσίαν</b> (cf. [[συστρογγύλλω]]) <span class="bibl">Alex.246.3</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">σφαῖρα κατὰ πρανοῦς</b>, of [[accelerating]] [[motion]], <span class="bibl">Eust.249.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> any [[globe]], <span class="bibl">Parm.8.43</span>; [[sphere]], as a geom. figure, <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.95d</span>, etc.; esp. [[the terrestrial globe]], [[earth]], <span class="bibl">Str.2.3.1</span>; an [[artificial]] [[globe]], <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.12.3.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[hollow]] [[sphere]] or [[globe]]: in the Ancient Physics, from the time of Anaximander (cf. <span class="title">Placit.</span> 2.16.5), of the [[sphere]]s believed to [[revolve]] round the [[earth]] carrying the [[heavenly]] bodies, and according to the Pythagoreans arranged after the intervals of the musical scale (cf. Alex.Eph. ap. Theon.Sm.<span class="bibl">p.139</span> H., Cic. <span class="title">de Rep.</span>6.18), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1073b18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cael.</span> 286b24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>341b20</span>, <span class="bibl">354b24</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Ign.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">σφαῖρα ἀπλανής</b> = ἡ τῶν ἀπλανῶν σφαῖρα = the [[sphere]] of the [[fixed star]]s, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.1</span>; so <b class="b3">ἡ ἀπλανής</b>, without ς., ib.<span class="bibl">7.25</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ πλανώμεναι σφαῖραι</b> [[planetary]] [[sphere]]s, Plu.2.1028a; Astrol., <b class="b3">ἡ ὀρθὴ σφαῖρα</b> = [[right]] [[sphere]], i.e. the [[celestial]] [[sphere]] as viewed from the [[equator]], Rhetorius in <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>8(1).231. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> a [[weapon]] of [[boxer]]s, prob. [[iron ball]], worn with [[pad]]ded [[cover]]s ([[ἐπίσφαιρα]]) instead of boxing-gloves (ἱμάντες) in the [[σφαιρομαχία]]ι, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>830b</span>, cf. Plu. 2.80b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">αἱ σφαῖραι τῶν ὀμμάτων</b> [[eyeball]]s, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>958a7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">σφαῖραι θαλάττιαι</b> [[seaball]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>616a20</span>, Crito ap.Gal.12.437. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[pill]], Archig. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.8.2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">πλατάνου σφαῖραι</b>, i.e. [[globular]] [[catkin]]s, Dsc.4.73. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> as a quantitative measure, ἐπίβαλε . . φύκους στυπτηρίου ὡς σφαῖραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>16.32</span>.</span> | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext=σφαῖρα -ας, ἡ [~ | |elnltext=σφαῖρα -ας, ἡ [~ σπαίρω] bal, om mee te spelen:; σφαίρῃ ταί … παῖζον zij speelden met een bal Od. 6.100; ὥσπερ σφαῖραν ἐκδεξάμενος τὸν λόγον πάλιν ἐστοχάζετο τοῦ μειρακίου alsof het een bal was nam (hij) het woord aan (d.w.z. hij nam de spreekbeurt over) en mikte weer op de jongen Plat. Euthyd. 277b; bij het boksen trainingshandschoen:. ἀντὶ ἱμάντων σφαίρας ἂν περιεδούμεθα in plaats van de boksriemen (die in de wedstrijd gebruikt werden) zouden wij oefenhandschoenen aantrekken (bolvormig, door stootkussentje) Plat. Lg. 830b. bol, m. n. van de kosmos. ronde band (om gebroken ledemaat steun te geven). Hp. Fract. 30. | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[sphere]], [[ball]], [[balls in a boxing-glove]], [[globe]] (Od.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφαιρο-ειδής</b> [[spherical]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφαιρα</b> n. pl. [[leather coating of boxing-balls]], [[boxing-gloves]], also of the cover of the point of a sword (Plb., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαιρ-ηδόν</b> [[like a ball]], [[sphere]] (Ν 204 a. o.) 2. <b class="b3">-ίον</b> dimin. (Pl. Ep., hell. a. late). 3. <b class="b3">-εύς</b> m. des. of young men in Sparta (after the boxing-gloves; Paus., inscr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Archyt., Arist. etc.; Chantraine | |etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[sphere]], [[ball]], [[balls in a boxing-glove]], [[globe]] (Od.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφαιρο-ειδής</b> [[spherical]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφαιρα</b> n. pl. [[leather coating of boxing-balls]], [[boxing-gloves]], also of the cover of the point of a sword (Plb., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαιρ-ηδόν</b> [[like a ball]], [[sphere]] (Ν 204 a. o.) 2. <b class="b3">-ίον</b> dimin. (Pl. Ep., hell. a. late). 3. <b class="b3">-εύς</b> m. des. of young men in Sparta (after the boxing-gloves; Paus., inscr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Archyt., Arist. etc.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), <b class="b3">-ειος</b> (Arist.-comm.) [[spherical]]. 5. <b class="b3">-ῖτις κυπάρισσος</b> (Gal.; after the form of the fruits?, cf. Redard 77); <b class="b3">*-ίτης</b> ([[ἄρτος]]) in Lat. [[spaerīta]] m. kind of cake (Cato; Leumann Sprache 1, 206 = Kl. Schr. 173). 6. <b class="b3">-ών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[round fishing-net]] (Opp.), 7. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>) [[to play at ball]] (Att.; <b class="b3">φαιρίδδειν σφαιρίζειν</b> H.) with <b class="b3">-ισις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (Artem.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> (Eust.) [[ball-game]], <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> [[ball-player]], <b class="b3">-ιστικός</b> [[belonging to a ball-game]], <b class="b3">-ιστήριον</b> [[ball-court]], [[-house]], <b class="b3">-ίστρα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (hell. a. late). 8. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>) [[to be round]], [[to round off]], [[to provide with a round edge]] (X., Arist., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> [[rounded body]] (Arist. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> [[sphere-formation]] (late), <b class="b3">-ωτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. "rounded object", [[knob]], [[bulb or such]] (Tab. Heracl., hell. pap.); s. Solmsen IF 31, 492ff.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Formation like [[πεῖρα]], [[σπεῖρα]], [[μοῖρα]] a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.). -- No agreement outside Greek. If prop. referring to the quick movement of a ball, one could connect [[σφαῖρα]] to [[σπαίρω]] a. cognates; s. v. w. further lit. Attempts, to explains the variation <b class="b3">σπ-</b> σφαῖρα <b class="b3">σφ-</b>, in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 196 f. [improbable] Cf. also [[σφῦρα]], [[σφυρόν]] and [[σπύραθοι]], [[σπυράδες]] [Pre-Greek]. -- From [[σφαῖρα]] Syr. [[êspērō]], Aethiop. <b class="b2">ṣpīr</b> (Schwyzer 159 a. 161), Arm. <b class="b2">sp`er</b> (from where Georg. [[spero]]; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1945, 28). On [[σφαῖρα]] in gen. s. Hommel Gymn. 56, 201 ff., S. Mendner Das Ballspiel im Leben der Völker (Münster 1956) 77ff. -- Connection with [[σπαίρω]] is improbable. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
|ftr='''σφαῖρα''': {sphaĩra}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Kugel]], [[Ball]], [[Ballen im Boxhandschuh]], [[Himmelskugel]], [[Sphäre]] (seit Od.).<br />'''Composita''': Kompp., z.B. [[σφαιροειδής]] ‘kugel-förmig’ (ion. att.), [[ἐπίσφαιρα]] n. pl. [[lederner Überzug der Boxballen]], [[Boxhandschuhe]], auch vom Überzug einer Schwertspitze (Plb., Plu.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σφαιρηδόν]] [[wie ein Ball]], [[eine Kugel]] (Ν 204 u. a.) 2. -ίον Demin. (Pl. ''Ep''., hell. u. sp.). 3. -εύς m. Ben. der jungen Männer in Sparta (nach den Boxballen; Paus., Inschr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. -ικός (Archyt. Arist. usw.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), -ειος (Arist.-Komm.) [[kugelförmig]], [[sphärisch]]. 5. -ῖτις [[κυπάρισσος]] (Gal.; nach der Form der Früchte?, vgl. Redard 77); *-ίτης ([[ἄρτος]]) in lat. ''spaerīta'' m. Art Kuchen (Cato; Leumann Sprache 1, 206 = Kl. Schr. 173). 6. -ών, -ῶνος m. [[rundes Fischernetz]] (Opp.), 7. -ίζω (ἀντι-, δια-, συν-) [[Ball spielen]] (att.; | |ftr='''σφαῖρα''': {sphaĩra}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Kugel]], [[Ball]], [[Ballen im Boxhandschuh]], [[Himmelskugel]], [[Sphäre]] (seit Od.).<br />'''Composita''': Kompp., z.B. [[σφαιροειδής]] ‘kugel-förmig’ (ion. att.), [[ἐπίσφαιρα]] n. pl. [[lederner Überzug der Boxballen]], [[Boxhandschuhe]], auch vom Überzug einer Schwertspitze (Plb., Plu.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σφαιρηδόν]] [[wie ein Ball]], [[eine Kugel]] (Ν 204 u. a.) 2. -ίον Demin. (Pl. ''Ep''., hell. u. sp.). 3. -εύς m. Ben. der jungen Männer in Sparta (nach den Boxballen; Paus., Inschr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. -ικός (Archyt. Arist. usw.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), -ειος (Arist.-Komm.) [[kugelförmig]], [[sphärisch]]. 5. -ῖτις [[κυπάρισσος]] (Gal.; nach der Form der Früchte?, vgl. Redard 77); *-ίτης ([[ἄρτος]]) in lat. ''spaerīta'' m. Art Kuchen (Cato; Leumann Sprache 1, 206 = Kl. Schr. 173). 6. -ών, -ῶνος m. [[rundes Fischernetz]] (Opp.), 7. -ίζω (ἀντι-, δια-, συν-) [[Ball spielen]] (att.; φαιρίδδειν· σφαιρίζειν H.) mit -ισις (Arist.), -ισμός (Artem.), -ισμα (Eust.) [[Ballspiel]], -ιστής [[Ballspieler]], -ιστικός [[zum Ballspiel gehörig]], -ιστήριον ‘Ballspielplatz, -haus', -ίστρα ib. (hell. u. sp.). 8. -όομαι, -όω (ἀπο-, δια-, ἐν-) [[rund sein]], [[abrunden]], [[mit rundem Absatz versehen]] (X., Arist., hell. u. sp.) mit -ωμα [[abgerundeter Körper]] (Arist. u.a.), -ωσις [[Kugelgestaltung]] (sp.), -ωτήρ, -ῆρος m. "abrundender Gegenstand", ‘Knauf, Knollen o. d.’ (''Tab''. ''Heracl''., hell. Pap.); s. Solmsen IF 31, 492ff.<br />'''Etymology''': Bildung wie [[πεῖρα]], [[σπεῖρα]], [[μοῖρα]] u.a. (s. dd. m. Lit.). — Ohne außergriech. Entsprechung. Wenn eig. auf die schnellende Bewegung eines Balls bezüglich, läßt sich [[σφαῖρα]] an [[σπαίρω]] u. Verw. anschließen; s. d. m. weiterer Lit. Versuche, mit dem Wechsel σπ- ~ σφ- zurechtzukommen, bei Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 196 f. Vgl. noch [[σφῦρα]], [[σφυρόν]] und [[σπύραθοι]], [[σπυράδες]]. — Aus [[σφαῖρα]] syr. ''êspērō'', äthiop. ''ṣpīr'' (Schwyzer 159 u. 161), arm. ''sp‘eṙ'' (wovon georg. ''spero''; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1945, 28). Zu [[σφαῖρα]] im allg. s. Hommel Gymn. 56, 201 ff., S. Mendner Das Ballspiel im Leben der Völker (Münster 1956) 77ff.<br />'''Page''' 2,826-827 | ||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | {{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | ||
|woodrun=[[ball]], [[for playing with]] | |woodrun=[[ball]], [[for playing with]] | ||
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==Translations== | |||
Western Apache: joołé; Arabic: كُرَة, كُبَّة; Egyptian Arabic: كورة; Hijazi Arabic: كورة; Armenian: գունդ; Asturian: pelota; Azerbaijani: şar, top; Bashkir: шар, туп; Belarusian: шар; Bengali: গোলা; Bulgarian: кълбо; Burmese: အလုံး; Catalan: bola; Central Franconian: Ball; Chechen: горгале, буьрк; Cherokee: ᏍᏆᏞᏍᏗ; Chinese Mandarin: 球; Czech: koule; Dalmatian: buola; Dutch: bol; Esperanto: globo, sfero; Estonian: pall; Finnish: pallo; French: balle, boule; Galician: bóla; Georgian: სფერო; German: Kugel, Ball; Greek: σφαίρα; Ancient Greek: σφαῖρα; Gujarati: દડો; Hausa: dunkulen; Hebrew: כַּדּוּר; Hindi: गोला; Hungarian: golyó, labda, gömb; Icelandic: kúla; Indonesian: bola; Italian: palla; Japanese: 玉, 球; Kazakh: доп, шар; Khmer: គោល; Kikuyu: mũbira Korean: [google]공, 구(球); Kyrgyz: шар, топ; Lao: ບານ; Latgalian: komuļs, bumbuļs; Latin: globus, pila; Latvian: lode, bumba; Lezgi: туп; Limburgish: bal, bol; Lithuanian: kamuolys; Lushootseed: sbəkʷ; Macedonian: топка, сфера; Malay: bola, korah; Malayalam: ഗോളം; Maltese: ballun; Manchu: ᠮᡠᠮᡠᡥᡠ; Manx: bluckan; Mongolian: бөмбөг; Northern Altai: тоф; Norwegian Bokmål: ball; Nynorsk: ball; Old English: clīewen; Old Gujarati: दडउ; Old Norse: knǫttr, bǫllr; Paiwan: mali; Pashto: ټوپکی, پنډوس; Persian: کره, گوی; Plautdietsch: Baul; Polish: kula; Portuguese: bola; Romanian: minge, bilă; Russian: шар, сфера; Sanskrit: गुड, पिण्ड, गोला; Scots: baw; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: лопта; Roman: lopta; Sicilian: baḍḍa; Sinhalese: බෝලය; Slovak: guľa, lopta; Slovene: žoga, krogla; Southern Altai: топ, шар; Spanish: bola, esfera; Swahili: mpira; Swedish: boll, klot, kula; Tagalog: bola; Tajik: кура; Taos: pùohóna; Tatar: шар, туп; Telugu: బంతి; Thai: บอล; Tibetan: པོ་ལོ; Tongan: fo'i pulu; Turkish: top; Turkmen: şar, top; Ukrainian: куля; Urdu: گولا; Uyghur: توپ; Uzbek: toʻp, shar, tup,; Welsh: pêl; Yiddish: באַל | |||