γναθμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, [[jaw]], poet. form of sq., <span class="bibl">Il.17.617</span>, al.: also in plural, <span class="bibl">Od. 18.29</span>; γναθμοῖς ἀδήλοις φαρμάκων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1201</span>; for <b class="b3">ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν</b>, v. [[ἀλλότριος]]; also <b class="b3">γναθμόν· τομώτατον καὶ αἱρετικώτατον</b>, Hsch.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[jaw]] (Hom.)<br />Other forms: [[γνάθος]] m. (Hp.). Note [[γναμφαί]] H. (acc. to LSJ, but not in Latte)<br />Derivatives: PN of a parasite [[Γνάθων]], with [[Γναθώνειος]], [[Γναθωνίδης]], [[Γναθωνάριον]] (Plu.). Denom. [[γναθόω]] [[hit the jaw]] (Phryn. Com.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: [[γναθμός]] from [[γνάθος]] after [[λαιμός]], [[βρεχμός]], [[ὀφθαλμός]]. - Always compared with Lith. <b class="b2">žándas</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, Latv. [[zuôds]] [[chin]], [[sharp side]]; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following [[d]] (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂dʰ-</b> would have given <b class="b3">*γναθος</b>, <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂edʰ-</b> <b class="b3">*γαναθος</b>; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can <b class="b3">-να-</b> be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with [[γένυς]] is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian <b class="b3">κάναδοι σιαγόνες</b>, [[γνάθοι]] H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for <b class="b3">*κναδοι</b>? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with [[κνώδων]], [[κνώδαλον]].

|ftr='''γναθμός''': {gnathmós}<br />'''Forms''': [[γνάθος]] m. (ion. att.)<br />'''Grammar''': m. (Hom., E.),<br />'''Meaning''': [[Kinnbacken]], [[Backen]].<br />'''Derivative''': Davon der Parasitenname Γνάθων mit [[Γναθώνειος]], [[Γναθωνίδης]] und Γναθωνάριον (Plu., Luk., Longus). Denominatives Verb [[γναθόω]] [[an den Backen schlagen]] (Phryn. Kom.).<br />'''Etymology''': [[γναθμός]] ist eine Umbildung von [[γνάθος]] nach den bedeutungsverwandten [[λαιμός]], [[βρεχμός]], [[ὀφθαλμός]] u. a. — Zu [[γνάθος]] stimmt bis auf den Ablaut lit. ''žándas'' [[Kinnbacken]], lett. ''zuôds'' [[Kinn]], [[scharfe Kante]]; die lit. Akzentuierung verrät eine zweisilbige Wurzel, die in [[γνάθος]] in reduzierter Form vorliegt. Weitere Beziehung zu [[γένυς]] ist glaubhaft. Auch [[κάναδοι]]· σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. wird von Hoffmann Makedonen 52 als makedonisch herangezogen; es kann aber ebensogut zu [[κνώδων]], [[κνώδαλον]] gehören, s. Specht KZ 59, 113 A. 1, v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 13 A. 1 (S. 14). — Spechts Analyse von [[γνάθος]] (Ursprung 87 und 254) bedeutet keinen Fortschritt.<br />'''Page''' 1,316