τύπος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], ὁ, ([[τύπτω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[blow]], τύπος [[ἀντίτυπος]] Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.67</span>; [[beat]] of [[horse]]s' [[hoof]]s, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[κτύπος]] in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>11.12</span>; αἰθερίου πατάγοιο τ. βρονταῖον ἀκούων <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>20.351</span>; so perhaps νάβλα τ. <span class="bibl">Sopat.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span>the [[effect]] of a [[blow]] or of [[pressure]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[impression]] of a [[seal]], τύποι σφενδόνης χρυσηλάτου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>862</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>192a</span>, <span class="bibl">194b</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Alex.</span>21</span>; τ. ἐνσημήνασθαί τινι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>377b</span>; [[stamp]] on a coin, τὰ ἀκριβῆ τὸν τύπον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>10</span>, cf. Hero *Mens.60, Hsch. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[Κυζικηνός|Κυζικηνοί]] στατῆρες; on a [[branding]]-[[iron]], ὄ τ. τοῦ καυτῆρος ἔστω [[ἀλώπηξ]] ἢ [[πίθηκος]] <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Pisc.</span>46</span>: generally, [[print]], [[impression]], χύτρας τύπον ἀρθείσης ἐν σποδῷ μὴ [[ἀπολιπεῖν]], ἀλλὰ συγχεῖν Plu.2.727c, cf. 982b, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Protr.</span>21</span>. <b class="b3">κθ'</b>, <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.20.1; <b class="b3">στίβου γ' οὐδεὶς τύπος</b> no [[footprint]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>29</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κτύπος]]) <b class="b3">; ὡς ἡδὺς ἐν πόρπακι σὸς</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦ βραχίονος</b>) <b class="b3"> κεῖται τύπος</b> thy [[imprint]], (O arm), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1196</span> ([[σῷ]] cj. Dobree); <b class="b3">τύπος ὀδόντων</b> [[imprint]] of [[teeth]], <span class="title">AP</span>6.57.5 (Paul. Sil.); [[print]], βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>20.25</span>; οἱ τύποι τῶν πληγῶν <span class="bibl">Ath.13.585c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[impression]]s supposed by Democr. and Epicur. to be made on the air by things seen, and to travel through space, <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Sens.</span>52</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.9U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.</span>2.6</span>, al.; ὁ θεὸς . . πνεῦμα ἐνεκέρασεν [τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς] οὕτως ἰσχυρὸν καὶ φιλότεχνον ὥστε ἀναμάσσεσθαι τοὺς τύπους τῶν ὁρωμένων <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.23.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[hollow]] [[mould]] or [[matrix]], καθάπερ ἐν τύπῳ τὰ σχήματα πλασθῆναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>676b9</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span> 892b2</span>; used by [[κοροπλάθος|κοροπλάθοι]], <span class="bibl">D.Chr.60.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Ti.</span>1.335</span>, <span class="bibl">394</span> D., cf. Hsch. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[χοάνη]]; by fruit-growers, to shape the fruit while growing, <span class="title">Gp.</span> 10.9.3; [[die]] used in striking coins, metaph., Κύπριος χαρακτήρ τ' ἐν γυναικείοις τύποις εἰκὼς πέπληκται τεκτόνων πρὸς ἀρσένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>282</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[engraved mark]], [[engraving]], <b class="b3">δέλτον χαλκῆν τύπους ἔχουσαν ἀρχαίων γραμμάτων</b> [[engraving]]s of [[letter]]s, i. e. [[engraved]] [[letter]]s, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span>17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>275a</span>; τὰ γεγραμμένα τύποις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ep.</span>343a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μέτρον τοῦ ποδὸς ὑποτέτακται τούτοις τοῖς τύποις</b> the length of the foot is subjoined in this [[engraving]], Rev.Bibl.35.285 (Jerusalem). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> the [[depression]] [[between]] the [[underlip]] and [[chin]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.90</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[pip]] on [[dice]], <span class="bibl">Id.9.95</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[cast]] or [[replica]] made in a [[mould]], τύπος [[κατάμακτος]] <span class="title">IG</span>22.1534.87; τύπος [[ἔγμακτος]] ib.64. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[figure worked in relief]], whether made by [[moulding]], [[modelling]], or [[sculpture]], αἱμασιὴ ἐγγεγλυμμένη τύποισι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">106</span>, <span class="bibl">136</span>, <span class="bibl">148</span>, <span class="bibl">153</span>; θεοῦ τ. μὴ ἐπίγλυφε δακτυλίῳ <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Protr.</span>21</span>.κγ; σιδηρονώτοις ἀσπίδος τύποις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1130</span>; [[χρυσοκόλλητος|χρυσοκόλλητοι]] τύποι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>305</span>; τύπος ἀργυροῦς <span class="title">IG</span>22.1533.30, 11(2).161 <span class="title">B</span>77, cf. 115 (Delos, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">τύπους ἐργάσασθαι καὶ παρέχειν</b> ib.42(1).102.36 (Epid., iv B. C.); [[tablet bearing a relief]], <b class="b3">καθελέσθαι τοὺς τύπους καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἀργυροῦν ἢ χρυσοῦν</b> ib. 22.839.30, cf. 56, al.; τ. Ἔρωτα ἔχων ἐπειργασμένον <span class="bibl">Paus.6.23.5</span>; τῶν τ' ἄλλων ὧν τύπος εἰκόν' ἔχει <span class="title">IG</span>2.2378, cf. 22.2021.8, 3.1330.5; ἐνταῦθά εἰσιν ἐπὶ τύπου γυναικῶν εἰκόνες <span class="bibl">Paus.9.11.3</span>; <b class="b3">πεποιημένα ἐν τύπῳ</b> [[in relief]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.19.17</span>; [[typos]] [[scalpist]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>35.128</span>; impressā argillā typum fecit, ib. <span class="bibl">151</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς Ναυσίαν περὶ τοῦ τύπου</b>, title of speech by [[Lysias]], Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[λιθουργική]]; Γάλλοι . . ἔχοντες προστηθίδια καὶ τύπους <span class="bibl">Plb. 21.37.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[carved figure]], [[image]], ποιεῦνται ξύλινον τ. ἀνθρωποειδέα, ποιησάμενοι δὲ ἐσεργνῦσι τὸν νεκρόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.86</span>; τ. ποιησάμενος λίθινον ἔστησε· ζῷον δέ οἱ ἐνῆν ἀνὴρ ἱππεύς <span class="bibl">Id.3.88</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσέων ξοάνων τύποι</b>, periphr. for <b class="b3">χρύσεα ξόανα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1074</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">γραφαῖς καὶ τ</b>. [[painting]]s and [[statue]]s, <span class="bibl">Plb.9.10.12</span>; <b class="b3">γραπτοὶ τύποι</b> prob. [[painted]] [[pediment]]-[[figure]]s, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>764</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.74</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.730 (Pers.); [[idol]], [[graven image]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Am.</span>5.26</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>1.19.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[exact replica]], [[image]], as children are called the [[τύποι]] of their parents, <span class="bibl">Artem. 2.45</span>; <b class="b3">τ. λογίου Ἑρμοῦ</b>, of Demosthenes, Aristid.2.307 J. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[form]], [[shape]], οὐλῆς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>721b32</span>; σώματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phgn.</span>806a32</span>; προσώπου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mir.</span>832b15</span>; [[ἀγγείον|ἀγγείου]] Crates Gramm. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.11.495b</span>; τὸν ἄρτον ἔχειν ἴδιον τ. <span class="title">OGI</span>56.73 (Canopus, iii B. C.); οἱ τ. τῶν γραμμάτων <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Dem.</span>52</span>; ὁ τύπος τῶν χαρακτήρων Plu.2.577f; τοὺς τ. τῶν συλλαμβανομένων <span class="bibl">Sor.1.39</span>; <b class="b3">Ἱππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τύπος</b>, periphr. for H. himself, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>488</span>; Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>49</span>; <b class="b3">ὄμφακος τύπος</b> = [[ὄμφαξ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>255.5</span>; βραχιόνων ἡβητὴς τ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>858</span>; κάλλος ἔχουσα τύποισι [[feature]]s, IG14.2135 (Rome), cf. Max. Tyr. <span class="bibl">31.3</span>, Adam. 1.4. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[thing having a shape]], <b class="b3">οὐλοφυεῖς . . τ. χθονὸς ἐξανέτελλον</b> [[undifferentiated]] [[form]]s rose from the [[earth]], <span class="bibl">Emp.62.4</span>; <b class="b3">τ. τις πορφυροῦς κατὰ χρόαν, τῷ σχήματι ἐμφερὴς κιβωρίου θύλακι</b> (viz. the [[placenta]]) <span class="bibl">Sor.1.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[form of expression]], [[style]], ὁ πραγματικὸς τύπος [τοῦ Ξενοφῶντος] <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>4</span>; ὁ τύπος τῆς γραφῆς Longin. ap. <span class="bibl">Porph. <span class="title">Plot.</span>19</span>; ὁ τύπος ὁ [[πολιτικός]] <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Id.</span>2.11</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἀληθινοῦ τύπου μέτεστι τῷ ἀνδρί</b> ibid.; ὁ διὰ τῶν συμβόλων προτρεπτικὸς τύπος <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Protr.</span>21</span>; ὁ [[αἰνιγματώδης]] τύπος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VP</span>23.103</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Gramm., [[mode of formation]], [[form]], τύπος πατρωνυμικῶν <span class="bibl">D.T.634.29</span>; τύπος [[παθητικός]] <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>278.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[archetype]], [[pattern]], [[model]], capable of exact [[repetition]] in numerous instances, αὑτὸν ἐκμάττειν . . εἰς τοὺς τῶν κακιόνων τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 396e</span>; [[οἰκισταῖς]] (sc. πόλεως) <b class="b3"> τοὺς μὲν τύπους προσήκει εἰδέναι, ἐν οἷς δεῖ μυθολογεῖν τοὺς ποιητάς... οὐ μὴν αὐτοῖς γε ποιητέον μύθους· . . οἱ τ. περὶ θεολογίας τίνες ἂν εἶεν;</b> ib.<span class="bibl">379a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">380c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[character]] [[recognizable]] in a [[number]] of [[instance]]s, [[general]] [[character]], [[type]], <b class="b3">πάντα ὅσα τοῦ τύπου</b> τούτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>171e</span>; τοῦ αὐτοῦ μετέχοντα τύπου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>402d</span>; τοῦτον τὸν τύπον ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>51d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[type]] or [[form of disease]] (esp. fever) with reference to the order and spacing of its attacks and intervals, Gal.7.463, cf. 475,490,512. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> [[general]] [[impression]], [[vague]] [[indication]], <b class="b3">γίνεται ἀμυδρὸς ὁ τύπος τῆς ῥάχεως</b> (in the [[foetus]]) <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.175</span>; <b class="b3">τ. ἀμυδροί</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀκριβὲς εἶδος</b>, Gal.6.5; <b class="b3">ἕως ἂν ὁ τύπος ἐνῇ τοῦ πράγματος</b> as long as there is an [[approximate]] [[indication]] of the thing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>432e</span>; of the [[general]] [[type]] or [[schema]] corresponding with a [[name]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>255</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[outline]], [[sketch]], [[general idea]], ὅσον τοὺς τύπους [[ὑφηγεῖσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>403e</span>; περιγραφὴ καὶ τύποι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>876e</span>; ἔχεις τὸν τ. ὧν λέγω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>491c</span>; τοὺς τ. μόνον εἰπόντες περὶ αὐτῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1341b31</span>; [[ἐξηγεῖσθαι]] τύποις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>816c</span>; ὁ τύπος τῆς [[φιλοσοφία]]ς τοιοῦτός τίς ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.186</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.166 S.; ὁ τύπος τῆς ὅλης [[πραγματεία]]ς <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.3U.</span>; pl., ib.<span class="bibl">p.4</span> U.; δέονται . . ὑγρᾶς διαίτης, ἧς τὸν τύπον ἀρτίως ὑπέγραψα Gal.6.397; [[τύπῳ]], [[ἐν τύπῳ]], [[in outline]], [[in general]], ὡς ἐν τύπῳ, μὴ δι' ἀκριβείας, [[εἰρῆσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>414a</span>; <b class="b3">ἵνα τύπῳ λάβωμεν αὐτάς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">559a</span>; ἐν ἑνὶ περιλαβόντα [[εἰπεῖν]] αὐτὰ οἷόν τινι τύπῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>718c</span>; τύπῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἀκριβῶς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1104a1</span>; [[παχυλῶς]] καὶ τ. [[ἐνδείκνυσθαι]] ib.<span class="bibl">1094b20</span>; <b class="b3">τύπῳ καὶ ἐπὶ κεφαλαίου λέγομεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1107b14</span>; ὡς ἐν τύπῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1323a10</span>; [[ὅσον τύπῳ]] = [[in outline]] only, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>101a22</span>; ὡς τύπῳ [[λαβεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[outline]], ταῦτα ὅσα εἴρηται καθάπερ ἐν γραφαῖς ἀχρόοις γραμμῇ μόνῃ τύποι ἀνδρῶν εἰκασμένοι εἰσί Adam.2.61. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IX</span> [[prescribed form]], [[model to be imitated]], ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τύπου τοῦ ἐπιμελέος <span class="bibl">Democr.228</span>; οὗτος . . εἷς ἂν εἴη τῶν περὶ θεοὺς νόμων καὶ τύπων, ἐν ᾧ δεήσει τοὺς λέγοντας λέγειν καὶ τοὺς ποιοῦντας ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>380c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">383c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς τ. οἷς ἐνομοθετησάμεθα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">398b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀρχήν τε καὶ τύπον τινὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης</b> ib.<span class="bibl">443c</span>; τ. εὐσεβείας . . παισὶν . . ἐκτέθεικα <span class="title">OGI</span>383.212 (Nemrud Dagh, i B. C.); ὥστε γενέσθαι ὑμᾶς τύπον πᾶσι τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐν τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>1.7</span>; κατὰ τὸν τ. τὸν δεδειγμένον σοι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>25.39(40)</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>7.44</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[general instruction]], δόντες τοὺς τύπους τούτους ὑπὲρ τῆς ὅλης διοικήσεως, ἐξέπεμπον τοὺς δέκα <span class="bibl">Plb.21.24.9</span>; [[general principle]] in [[law]], τ. ἐστὶν καθ' ὃν ἔκρεινα πολλάκις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>75.8</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[rule of life]], [[religion]], <b class="b3">ἐξεταστέον ποταπῷ χρῆται τύπῳ ὁ νοσῶν</b> (e. g. whether Jewish or Egyptian) <span class="bibl">Erot.<span class="title">Fr.</span>33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[rough draft]] of a [[book]], βιβλίον γεγραμμενον ἐν τύποις Gal.18(2).875, cf. 15.587,624, Anon. ap.<span class="bibl">Phot.<span class="title">Bibl.</span>p.491</span> B.; [[draft]] of an official letter, <b class="b3">τύπον ποιεῖ</b> he [[draft]]ed a [[letter]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>14.135</span> (ii B. C.); τύπος [[χειρογραφία]]ς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Teb.</span> 123r</span><span class="bibl"> ii 38</span> (i A. D.); <b class="b3">τ. ἐπιστολικοί</b> [[model]]s of [[letter]]s, <span class="title">Epist.Charact.</span> tit. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[form]] of a [[document]], ἔστιν δὲ ὁ τύπος τῆς εἰθισμένης διαγραφῆς ὁ [[ὑποκείμενος]] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span> 9v</span>.<span class="bibl">3</span> (iii B. C.); σωματισθῆναι . . τύπῳ τῷδε· τί ἑκάστῳ ὑπάρχει κτλ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1460.12</span> (iii A. D.); κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τύπον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span> 279.16</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[text]] of a [[document]], ὁ μὲν τῆς ἐπιστολῆς τύπος οὕτως ἐγέγραπτο <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ma.</span>3.30</span>, cf. [[Aristeas]] <span class="bibl">34</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>23.25</span>, prob. cj. in <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>15.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[written decision]], <b class="b3">θεῖος τύπος</b> an [[imperial]] [[rescript]], Cod.Just. 1.2.20, al., <span class="bibl">Just.<span class="title">Nov.</span>113</span> tit., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>32.41</span> (vi A. D.); <b class="b3">αἰτῆσαι θεῖον καὶ πραγματικὸν τύπον</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>319.47 (vi A. D.); given by a bishop, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>7449.14</span> (v A. D.); by the [[ἔκδικος]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1075.11</span> (v A. D.); by others, χρὴ . . δοῦναι τύπον εἰς τὴν συγχώρησιν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1911.145</span> (vi A. D.): in plural, of the [[acta]] of a [[πάγαρχος]], ib.<span class="bibl">1829.2</span>, <span class="bibl">12</span> (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">X</span> as law-term, [[summons]], [[writ]], οἱ τ. γράμμα εἰσὶν ἀγορᾶς, ἐρήμην ἐπαγγέλλον τῷ οὐκ ἀποδιδόντι <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.25.9</span>; δίκης λῆξις εἴη ἂν ὁ νῦν καλούμενος τ. <span class="bibl">Poll.8.29</span>.</span>