spero: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>spēro</b>: āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.<br /><b>I</b> To [[hope]] ([[something]] [[desirable]]), to [[look]] for, [[trust]], [[expect]]; to [[promise]] or [[flatter]] one's [[self]] (the predom. signif. of the [[word]]; syn.: [[confido]], [[exspecto]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: [[spero]], si [[speres]] [[quicquam]] [[prodesse]] potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.): [[quoad]] [[Pompeius]] in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3: sperat [[animus]], Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36: ut [[neque]] [[accusator]] timere [[neque]] [[reus]] sperare debuerit, Cic. Clu. 7, 20: jubes [[bene]] sperare et bono esse [[animo]], id. Deiot. 14, 38: [[Attica]] nostra [[quid]] agat, scire [[cupio]]: [[etsi]] tuae litterae recte sperare jubent, id. Att. 13, 17: tu jam, ut [[spero]] et ut promittis, aderis, id. ib. 16, 3, 4: omnia experiar et, ut [[spero]], assequar ... Sed, ut [[spero]], valebis, id. ib. 7, 2, 6: ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, [[vobis]], [[quemadmodum]] [[spero]], non molestam, id. Arch. 2, 3: [[Argyrippus]] exorari [[spero]] poterit, ut sinat, etc., Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non [[usus]] veniet, [[spero]]. Sy. Spero [[hercle]] ego [[quoque]], Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: [[interea]] fiet aliquid, [[spero]], id. And. 2, 1, 14: [[salvus]] [[sit]]; [[spero]], id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis [[nomen]] adferemus, Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10: consulatum, id. ib. 12, 6, 14: gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus, id. ib. 12, 10, 26: [[magis]] adversos rerum [[exitus]] [[metuens]] [[quam]] sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1: id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā [[fretus]], et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae, id. ib. 12, 18: a quo [[nihil]] [[speres]] boni rei publicae, [[quia]] non vult; [[nihil]] metuas mali, [[quia]] non audet, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset, Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.: omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent, id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60: quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent, id. ib. 2, 16 fin.: [[spero]] meliora, Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3: aliquid sibi, id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6: bona alicuius, Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13: hoc sperans, ut, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 85: sperare victoriam ab [[aliquo]], id. B. C. 3, 96: [[quod]] [[sapienter]] speravimus, [[perseveranter]] consectari, [[have]] [[expected]], Col. praef. § 29: sperata [[gloria]] (opp. parta), Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6: sperata [[praeda]], Caes. B. G. 6, 8: spem speratam [[quom]] optulisti, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2: civitatem optandam [[magis]] [[quam]] sperandam [[quam]] minimam posuit, Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5: exitum malis sperare, Sall. C. 40, 2: amicitiam, [[regnum]], id. J. 24, 5: mortem honestam, id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch: salutem, id. C. 58, 16: [[spes]], Curt. 5, 10, 1: mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem, Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5: sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem [[bene]] praeparatum Pectus, Hor. C. 2, 10, 13: grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur [[hora]], id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis [[sum]] [[fretus]], deos sperabimus, we [[will]] [[hope]] or [[trust]] in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With obj.-[[clause]] (so [[most]] freq.; [[usually]] [[with]] inf. fut.; [[less]] freq. [[but]] [[class]]. [[with]] inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.: ego me [[confido]] liberum [[fore]], tu te [[numquam]] speras, Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33: ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos, id. Lael. 21, 79: [[quod]] amicitiae nostrae memoriam [[spero]] sempiternam [[fore]], etc., id. ib. 4, 15: tu fac [[animo]] forti magnoque sis, speresque [[fore]], ut, etc., id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.: [[spero]] [[fore]], ut contingat id nobis, id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.: qui [[istoc]] te speras [[modo]] Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22: [[spero]] me habere, qui hunc excruciem, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11: sperat se a me avellere, id. ib. 3, 3, 14: totius Galliae [[sese]] potiri posse sperant, Caes. B. G. 1, 3: [[spero]], quae tua [[prudentia]] est, et [[hercule]], ut me jubet [[Acastus]], [[confido]] te jam, ut volumus, valere, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1: sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare, id. Fam. 4, 6, 3: speremus, [[nostrum]] [[nomen]] volitare et vagari latissime, id. Rep. 1, 17, 26: [[spero]] te mihi ignoscere, si, etc., id. Fam. 1, 6, 2: [[spero]] esse, ut volumus, id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4: ita quiddam [[spero]] nobis profici, cum, etc., id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch: speramus carmina fingi posse, Hor. A. P. 331: [[neque]] ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not [[hope]] or [[expect]], Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. [[when]] used [[like]] Engl. [[hope]], in the [[sense]] [[trust]], [[believe]]: [[spero]] nostram amicitiam non egere testibus, Cic. Fam. 2, 2: id [[enim]] deos [[immortalis]] [[spero]] aequissimum judicare, id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. [[infra]], II. fin.—With inf. perf.: speravi [[miser]] Ex servitute me exemisse filium, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99: me ejus [[spero]] fratrem [[propemodum]] Jam repperisse, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123: sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam, id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: [[spero]] [[tibi]] me causam probasse; [[cupio]] [[quidem]] [[certe]], Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4: [[spero]] cum Crassipede nos confecisse, id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2: et tum [[mirifice]] sperabat se esse locutum, Cat. 84, 3: sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse, Liv. 4, 15, 6: sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc., Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.: qui [[semper]] vacuam, [[semper]] amabilem Sperat (sc. te [[fore]]), Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut and subj.: [[quoniam]], ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat, Liv. 34, 27, 3: ut patiatur ... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est, Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—( ) In a Greek [[construction]], [[with]] fut. [[part]].: visura et [[quamvis]] [[numquam]] speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse), Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—（ζ) With de ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[neque]] de otio nostro [[spero]] jam, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo [[bene]] sperare ([[with]] obj.[[clause]], cf. γ [[supra]]), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> To [[look]] for, [[expect]], [[apprehend]] [[that]] [[which]] is undesired, [[ἐλπίζω]] ([[rare]], and [[mostly]] [[poet]].; in Cic. [[only]] [[with]] non, and [[ironically]]): nam [[quod]] tu [[speres]], propulsabo [[facile]], Ter. And. 2, 3, 21: mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia [[laeta]], Cat. 64, 140: haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas, Prop. 2, 5, 3: hunc ego si potui [[tantum]] sperare dolorem, Et perferre, [[soror]], potero, Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1: haec [[adeo]] ex [[illo]] mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc., Verg. A. 11, 275: mene efferre pedem, [[genitor]], te posse relicto Sperasti? id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60: si [[genus]] humanum et mortalia temnitis [[arma]], At sperate deos memores fandi [[atque]] nefandi, [[expect]], [[fear]], Verg. A. 1, 543: exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu, Val. Fl. 3, 295: aliquod in Africā [[bellum]], Flor. 3, 1, 1: jam quartanam sperantibus aegris, Juv. 4, 57.—With a [[negative]] [[particle]]: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret [[ille]] aetate et satietate. Ph. Non [[spero]]. Sc. Insperata accidunt [[magis]] [[saepe]] [[quam]] quae [[speres]], Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id [[quod]] non [[spero]], Afran ap. [[Charis]]. p. 195 P.: [[sin]] a [[vobis]], id [[quod]] non [[spero]], deserar, Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse [[animo]] non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2: non speravi te sequi, Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically: [[quoniam]] haec [[satis]] [[spero]] [[vobis]] molesta videri, Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., [[that]] is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a [[lover]]; a [[bride]] ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]].): curre et [[nuntia]] Venire me et [[mecum]] speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31: sperata, [[salve]], Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a [[wife]] not [[seen]] for a [[long]] [[time]]: Amphitruo uxorem salutat [[laetus]] speratam suam, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53.

{{Georges

|georg=spēro, āvi, ātum, āre, [[etwas]] (Günstiges od. Ungünstiges) [[erwarten]], [[vermuten]], I) [[etwas]] Günstiges [[erwarten]] = [[hoffen]], [[sich]] [[versprechen]], [[auf]] etw. [[Aussicht]] [[haben]], [[mit]] etw. [[sich]] [[schmeicheln]] (Ggstz. metuere, timere), [[bene]] od. [[recte]], gute [[Hoffnung]] [[hegen]], Cic. (u. so [[recte]] [[spero]], es wird [[sich]] [[schon]] [[machen]], Ter.): ut [[spero]] ([[als]] [[Parenthese]]), Cic.: fiet [[aliquid]], [[spero]], Ter. – de alqa re, Cic.: [[bene]] de alqo, Nep.: deos teque, [[auf]] die G. und [[auf]] dich, Plaut. – pacem, Cic.: victoriam ab alqo, Caes.: [[omnia]] ex [[victoria]], Caes.: meliora, Cic.: [[quod]] [[sapienter]] speravimus, erwartet [[haben]], Colum. – im [[Passiv]], [[simul]] [[medio]] tempore [[plures]] nuntii sperabantur, Tac.: [[Germani]], [[qui]] ab ipsis sperentur, Tac.: [[quo]] [[mitius]] [[imperium]] Romanum speraretur, Tac.: sperata [[praeda]], Caes.: sperata [[gloria]], Cic. u. Liv. – m. dopp. Acc., quem [[vel]] [[praecipuum]] adiutorem speraverat, [[auf]] [[dessen]] [[Beistand]] er gerabe gehofft hatte, Suet. Aug. 10, 2. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., und [[zwar]] gew. m. Infin. Futur., [[spero]] aeternam [[inter]] [[nos]] gratiam [[fore]], Ter.: [[spero]] [[fore]], ut etc., Cic.: sperare [[pro]] [[eius]] [[iustitia]] [[quae]] petierint impetraturos, Caes.: ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum [[esse]] capturos, Cic.: u. im [[Passiv]], legiones secuturae sperabantur, Tac.: plurimae gentes collaturae capita sperabantur, Amm. – seltener [[mit]] Infin. Praes. od. Perf., [[itaque]] alvom prodi speravit [[nobis]] salsis poculis, Plaut.: sperat se a me avellere ([[rus]]), Ter.: [[spero]] ex [[hoc]] ipso [[non]] [[esse]] [[obscurum]], Cic.: [[neque]] [[ego]] hanc abscondere furto fugam speravi, hoffte, erwartete, Verg.: sperabam [[iam]] defervisse adulescentiam, Ter.: de nostra [[Tullia]] [[spero]] cum Crassipede [[nos]] confecisse, Cic.; quorum mentes [[nondum]] ab superiore [[bello]] resedisse sperabat, Caes. – [[wie]] im Griech. m. folg. Subjektsatz, visura (= se visuram [[esse]]) et [[quamvis]] [[numquam]] speraret Ulixen, Prop. 2, 9, 7. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., Liv. 34, 27, 3. Sen. contr. 9, 2 (25), 18. Sen. ad Polyb. 18 (37), 6. Iustin. 5, 3, 3 ([[aber]] Caes. b.c. 3, 85, 2 [[jetzt]] [[haec]] spectans, ut etc. [vgl. Nipperdey Quaest. Caes. p. 185] u. Q. Cic. de pet. cons. 18 ut habeant wahrsch. [[unecht]]). – Partiz. sperātus subst., a) sperātus, sperāta, der, die Ersehnte, [[von]] verlobten Personen, Bräutigam, [[Braut]], Verlobter, Verlobte, Liebster, Liebste, Afran. com. fr. u. Plaut.: [[auch]] [[von]] Verheirateten, [[Amphitruo]] uxorem salutat speratam suam, Plaut. – b) sperāta ōrum, n., die gehegten Wünsche, die gehegte [[Hoffnung]], [[contra]] od. [[praeter]] sperata, Amm. 24, 4, 19 u. 25, 7, 5: potiri sperata, ihre Hoffnungen verwirklicht [[sehen]], Liv. 21, 45, 9. – II) [[wie]] ελπίζειν = [[etwas]] Ungünstiges [[erwarten]], [[vermuten]] = [[fürchten]], id [[quod]] [[non]] [[spero]], Cic.: [[bellum]], [[Flor]].: deos, Verg.: [[hunc]] si [[potui]] sperare dolorem, et perferre potero, Verg. – m. Acc. u. Infin., [[haec]] [[spero]] [[vobis]] molesta videri, Cic.: sperans suorum ignaviā [[bellum]] trahi, Capit.: im [[Passiv]], [[quae]] [[inedia]] ([[Hungersnot]]) per multas difficilesque causas [[iam]] [[adfore]] sperabatur, Amm. 14, 7, 5.

}}