πυνθάνομαι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to find out, learn, to ask, to inquire, to investigate' (Il.); act. [[πεύθω]], [[πεῦσαι]] [[to announce]], [[to cite]] (Crete).<br />Other forms: ep. also [[πεύθομαι]] (metr. easier; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 111, 282, 308), fut. [[πεύσομαι]], aor. 2. [[πυθέσθαι]], redupl. opt. [[πεπύθοιτο]], perf. [[πέπυσμαι]].<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b><br />Derivatives: With zero grade: 1. [[πύστις]] f. [[questioning]], [[inquiry]], [[tidings]] (Att., A.; cf. below) with <b class="b3">πυστι-άομαι</b> [[to interrogate]] (Plu., Phot., H.); 2. [[πύσμα]] n. [[question]], [[interrogation]] with <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> [[interrogative]], [[asking]] (late); 3. [[πυστός]] (EM, Eust.), always as 2. member, resp. in the prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">ἄ-πυστος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνά-πυστος</b> (Od.). With full grade: 4. [[πευθώ]] f. [[tidings]] (A. Th. 370); 5. [[πεῦσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>) f. [[information]] (Ph., Plu.; older [[πύστις]], cf. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 27 w. lit.); 6. [[πευθήν]], <b class="b3">-ῆνος</b> m. [[spy]] (Luc., Arr.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 143); 7. Adj. [[πευστικός]] [[interrogating]] (A. D., Ph.); 8. as 2. member, after the <b class="b3">ες-</b>stems (Schwyzer 513), <b class="b3">-πευθής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πευθ-ής</b> [[uninvestigated]], [[unaware]] (Od.); 9. with dentalsuffix <b class="b3">φιλό-πευσ-τος</b> (Phot., Suid.), <b class="b3">-της</b> (Ptol.) [[who loves questioning]] with <b class="b3">-πευστέω</b>, <b class="b3">-πευστία</b> (hell.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [150] <b class="b2">*bʰeudʰ-</b> [[be awake]], [[wake]], [[observe]], [[recognize]]<br />Etymology: The full grade thematic root-present [[πεύθομαι]] has exact formal agreements in several languages: Skt. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, midd. [[-te]] [[watch]], [[observe]], [[understand]], Av. [[baođaiti]], [[-te]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, also [[smell after]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[ana-]], [[faur-biudan]] [[order]], [[arrange]] resp. [[forbid]], OWNo. [[bjōða]] 'offer, present, make known', Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">bljudǫ</b>, [[bljusti]] [[preserve]], [[guard]], [[observe]], Russ. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>, <b class="b2">bljustí</b> [[observe]], [[perceive]], IE <b class="b2">*bheudh-e(-ti</b>, [[-toi]]) [[observes]], [[is attent]]. The deviating meaning of the Germ. verbs agrees mainly to the (prob. secondary) active Cret. [[πεύθω]] and is related to an old opposition of the diatheses; a corresponding meaning shows a.o. the Skt. causative <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> [[wake]], [[instruct]], [[inform]]. The meaning [[find out]], [[ask]] is a Greek innovation. -- With (<b class="b3">ἐ-)πύθοντο</b> agrees exactly Skt. <b class="b2">budhánta</b> so these are in origin identical; complete formal congruence is also found between (<b class="b3">ἄ-)πυστος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">buddhá-</b>, which functions as ptc. of the caus. <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> ('wakes, illuminates'), to which also Av. [[hupō]]. [[bus-ta-]] [[well scented]]; thus as between [[πύστις]] and Skt. [[buddhi-]] f. [[insight]], [[intelligence]], [[spirit]], between (<b class="b3">ἀ-)πευθής</b> and Av. [[baođah-]] n. [[observation]]; in all these cases one must reckon with independent innovations. A nasalized present like <b class="b3">πυν-θάνομαι</b> is also found in Lith. <b class="b2">bu-n-dù</b>, inf. <b class="b2">bústi</b> [[wake]] (with the suffixed caus. <b class="b2">búd-inu</b>, [[-inti]]) and in Celt., e.g. OIr. [[ad-bond-]] [[give notice]], [[announce]]. Through the strong productivity of these formations is also here original identity doubtful; cf. Schwyzer 701 w. lit. -- Further forms from the diff. languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 147f., Pok. 150, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">budė́ti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>.