πίπτω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to fall]], [[to fall off]], [[to drop down]], [[to fall out]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. [[πεσέομαι]] (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Att.), aor. [[πετεῖν]], [[ἔπετον]] (Dor. Aeol.), [[πεσεῖν]], [[ἔπεσον]] (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. <b class="b3">πεπτ-εῶτ</b>', <b class="b3">-εῶτας</b> (ep.), nom. <b class="b3">-ηώς</b> (Ion.; also of [[πτήσσω]]), <b class="b3">-ώς</b> (trag.), ind. [[πέπτωκα]], ptc. <b class="b3">-ωκώς</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. <b class="b3">πότ-μος</b> m. <b class="b2">(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death</b> (ep. poet. Il.). 2. <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b> n., often w. prefix (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc. from <b class="b3">συμ-πίπτειν</b> etc.) in diff. senses, [[fall]], [[plunge]], [[the fallen]], [[the corpse]] (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (inscr. Asia Minor), <b class="b3">-ματίς</b> f. [[tumbling cup]] (Mosch. ap. Ath.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">inclined towards falling etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> [[to bring down]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. [[falling sickness]] (Ptol.). 3. <b class="b3">πτῶ-σις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc.) f. [[fall]] (Hp., Att.), a.o. [[fall of the die]], from where as gramm. term [[form of flection]], [[case]] (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-σιμος</b> [[brought down]] (A.; after [[ἁλώσιμος]]? Arbenz 80), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>πίπτω a.o.) [[inflectable]] (Gramm.). 4. <b class="b3">πέσ-ος</b> n. [[corpse]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. [[fall]], [[the fallen down]], [[the corpse]] (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[plunge]] (vase-inscr.; after [[πτῶμα]]). 5. <b class="b3">-πετής</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">falling down, blundering into smth.</b> resp. [[falling over]], [[prepared]], [[rash]] with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πέτ-εια</b> f. (IA.); also in compounds as <b class="b3">εὑ-πετής</b> [[to turn out well]], [[convenient]], [[fortunate]] with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (IA.); <b class="b3">διι-πετής</b> s. v. 6. <b class="b3">-πτώς</b> in <b class="b3">ἀ-πτώς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶτος</b> [[not falling]] (Pi., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-πτης</b> in [[ἀπτης]] (inscr. Olympia)? -- On [[ποταμός]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*petH-</b> [[fly]], [[fall]].<br />Etymology: The remarkable [[σ]] for [[τ]] in IA. [[πεσέομαι]], <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> and [[πεσεῖν]] is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair [[πίπτω]] (with [[ī]] after [[ῥίπτω]]?): [[πετεῖν]] agrees with [[γίγνομαι]]: [[γενέσθαι]]; to this the disyllabic fut. <b class="b3">πεσέ-ομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b> and the full grades <b class="b3">πτω-</b>, <b class="b3">πτη-</b> in <b class="b3">πέ-πτω-κα</b>, <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, <b class="b3">πε-πτη-ώς</b> cannot be compared with <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γνή-σιος</b> which has <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵn̥h₁-</b> (not here [[γνωτός]]?; s. on [[γίγνομαι]]), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b> (<b class="b3">-νῶ</b>) with [[ι]] as in several <b class="b3">ν-</b>presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in [[πέτομαι]] [[fly]]; the meaning [[fall]] is also found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">pátati</b>. A point of contact show the fut. <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">pati-ṣyáti</b>; morpholog. close are also [[πότμος]] and Skt. <b class="b2">pát-man-</b> n. [[flight]], [[course]], [[path]] (would be Gr. <b class="b3">*πέτμα</b>). -- Further s. [[πέτομαι]]; cf. also [[πτήσσω]] and [[πίτυλος]] (which hardly belongs here).