φρήν: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=frin
|Transliteration C=frin
|Beta Code=frh/n
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|Definition=ἡ, gen. [[φρενός]], pl. [[φρένες]], gen. [[φρενῶν]], dat. [[φρεσί]]: older dat. pl. [[φρασί]] (ν) <span class="title">IG</span>12.971 (vi B. C.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.62</span>, <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>909 (Halic., i B. C.): (v. sub fin.): <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[diaphragm]], [[midriff]], κραδία φρένα λακτίζει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>881</span> (anap.); elsewhere always in plural, ἔνθα φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφ' ἁδινὸν κῆρ <span class="bibl">Il.16.481</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">VM</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>41</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς φρένας διάφραγμα εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τοῦ θώρακος καὶ τοῦ κύτους</b>) τιθέντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>70a</span>; τοῦτο δὲ τὸ διάζωμα καλοῦσί τινες φρένας, ὃ διορίζει τόν τε πλεύμονα καὶ τὴν καρδίαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>672b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>496b11</span>, <span class="bibl">506a6</span>; also, in Hom., more vaguely, πρὸς στῆθος ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">Od.9.301</span>; μένεος φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντ' <span class="bibl">Il.1.103</span>, al.; φρένας . . εἰς αὐτὰς τυπείς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>363</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>159</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[heart]], as seat of the passions, e.g. of fear, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός <span class="bibl">Il.10.10</span>; of [[joy]] and [[grief]], φρένα τέρπεσθαι φόρμιγγι <span class="bibl">9.186</span>; γάνυται φρένα [[ποιμήν]] <span class="bibl">13.493</span>; τί σε φρένας ἵκετοπένθος; <span class="bibl">1.362</span>; ἄχος πύκασε φρένας <span class="bibl">8.124</span>; ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψε <span class="bibl">3.442</span>; of anger, <span class="bibl">Od.6.147</span>; of courage, ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il. 13.487</span>; ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη <span class="bibl">22.475</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.202</span>, etc.; of bodily appetites, such as [[hunger]], etc., <span class="bibl">11.89</span>: the shades of the dead are without it, ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν <span class="bibl">23.104</span> (exc. the shade of [[Teiresias]], <span class="bibl">Od.10.493</span>): so generally in Poets, φρενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἄλγεα κεῖται Sol. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>5.2</span>; κῆλα δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.12</span>; [[φόβος]] μ' ἔχει φρένας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>379</span>; μαινομένα φρενί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>484</span> (lyr.); στυγεῖν μιᾷ φρενί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>986</span> (lyr.); Διὸς γὰρ δυσπαραίτητοι φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>34</span>; [[ἐκ φρενός]] = [[from one's very heart]], [[ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος]] a [[sincere]] [[speech]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>107</span>; [[ἐτύμως]] δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>919</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός</b> not [[superficially]] and [[carelessly]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>805</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">φρενὸς ἐκ φιλίας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1515</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">546</span>; [[φῦσαι φρένας]] = to [[produce a haughty spirit]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1463</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[mind]], as seat of the mental faculties, perception, thought, ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Il.22.296</span>; μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί <span class="bibl">9.600</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίξαι, βάλλεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.438</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.434</span>; ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν <span class="bibl">2.301</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσί θῆκε</b> [[put]] in his [[mind]], [[suggest]]ed it, <span class="bibl">1.55</span>; σφῶϊν δ' ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν <span class="bibl">13.55</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">121</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.297</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φρένας παραπεῖσαι, πείθειν</b>, <span class="bibl">7.120</span>, <span class="bibl">16.842</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπιγνάμπτει φρένας</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[νόον]]) ἐσθλῶν <span class="bibl">9.514</span>; Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν <span class="bibl">10.45</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειός</b> [[rich]] (only) in his [[imagination]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>455</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρθᾷ, ἐλευθέρᾳ φρενί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.57</span>; φρένες γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόφουν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 767</span>; ἡ γλῶσσ' ὀμώμοχ', ἡ δὲ φ. ἀνώμοτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>612</span>; κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.1.193</span>, al.: pl., [[wits]], Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος <span class="bibl">Od.9.362</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">454</span>, <span class="bibl">18.331</span>; πλήγη φρένας ἂς πάρος εἶχεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.394</span>; ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας <span class="bibl">16.403</span>; βλάπτε φρένας Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας <span class="bibl">15.724</span>; ἐξ… τοι θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν <span class="bibl">7.360</span>; <b class="b3">φρένας ἄφρων, φρένας ἠλέ</b> or [[ἠλεέ]], <span class="bibl">4.104</span>, <span class="bibl">15.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.243</span>: of losing one's [[wits]], <b class="b3">φρενῶν ἀφεστάναι, ἐκστῆναι, μεθεστάναι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>865</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1021</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>944</span>; τὰς φρένας [[ἐκβάλλειν]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>648</span>; ἔξω φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.47</span>; φρενῶν οὐκ ἔνδον ὤν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 709</span>; φρενῶν κεκομμένος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>479</span> (lyr.); κενός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>754</span>; τητώμενοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1326</span>; [[ἔξεδρος|ἔξεδροι]], [[παράκοπος|παράκοποι]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>935</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>33</span>; ποῦ ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>390</span>; φρένες διάστροφοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>673</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>447</span>; μαργότης φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>; [[ἀνακίνησις]] φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>727</span>, etc.; of persons in their senses, ἐπήβολος φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>492</span>; ἀνδρὸς νοῦν ἔχοντος καὶ φρένας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>535</span> (lyr.) (so in later Prose, οἱ φρένας ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.19</span>, <span class="title">Rh.</span>1.240S.; <b class="b3">οἱ τῶν σοφιστῶν τὰς κοινὰς φρένας ἔχοντες</b> ib.202S.); also ἔσω φρενῶν λέγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1052</span>; γράφου φρενῶν ἔσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1325</span>; τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φρένων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>153</span>; [[φρένες]], opp. [[σῶμα]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>; so αἱ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>387</span>; attributed to animals, μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή <span class="bibl">Il.4.245</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.157</span>, etc.—The word is not common in early Prose, τίς αὐτῶν νόος ἢ φρήν; <span class="bibl">Heraclit.104</span>; [[συμφορὰ τῶν φρένων]], i.e. [[madness]], <span class="bibl">And.2.7</span>; παραλλάττει τῶν φρένων <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>90</span>; καρποῦ μὲν [[ἀφθονία]] φρενῶν δὲ [[ἀφορία]] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.55</span>; νοῦς καὶ φρένες <span class="bibl">D.18.324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[will]], [[purpose]], οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν <span class="bibl">Il.15.194</span>; σῆς ἀπεστάτουν φ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>993</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1182</span>.—In usage there is little or no distinction observable between sg. and pl., but the sg. is not found in Prose (exc. Heraclit. [[l.c.]]) or Com. (exc. in paratrag., <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>886</span>).</span>
|Definition=ἡ, gen. [[φρενός]], pl. [[φρένες]], gen. [[φρενῶν]], dat. [[φρεσί]]: older dat. pl. [[φρασί]] (ν) ''IG''12.971 (vi B. C.), Pi.''N.''3.62, ''BMus.Inscr.''909 (Halic., i B. C.): (v. sub fin.):<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[diaphragm]], [[midriff]], κραδία φρένα λακτίζει A.''Pr.''881 (anap.); elsewhere always in plural, ἔνθα φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφ' ἁδινὸν κῆρ Il.16.481, cf. Hp. ''VM''22, ''Art.''41; <b class="b3">τὰς φρένας διάφραγμα εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τοῦ θώρακος καὶ τοῦ κύτους</b>) τιθέντες Pl.''Ti.''70a; τοῦτο δὲ τὸ διάζωμα καλοῦσί τινες φρένας, ὃ διορίζει τόν τε πλεύμονα καὶ τὴν καρδίαν Arist.''PA''672b11, cf. ''HA''496b11, 506a6; also, in Hom., more vaguely, πρὸς στῆθος ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Od.9.301; μένεος φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντ' Il.1.103, al.; φρένας.. εἰς αὐτὰς τυπείς A.''Pr.''363, cf. ''Eu.''159 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[heart]], as seat of the passions, e.g. of fear, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός Il.10.10; of [[joy]] and [[grief]], φρένα τέρπεσθαι φόρμιγγι 9.186; γάνυται φρένα [[ποιμήν]] 13.493; τί σε φρένας ἵκετοπένθος; 1.362; ἄχος πύκασε φρένας 8.124; ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψε 3.442; of anger, Od.6.147; of courage, ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες Il. 13.487; ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη 22.475, cf. 8.202, etc.; of bodily appetites, such as [[hunger]], etc., 11.89: the shades of the dead are without it, ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν 23.104 (exc. the shade of [[Teiresias]], Od.10.493): so generally in Poets, φρενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἄλγεα κεῖται Sol. ap. Arist.''Ath.''5.2; κῆλα δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας Pi.''P.''1.12; [[φόβος]] μ' ἔχει φρένας A.''Supp.''379; μαινομένα φρενί Id.''Th.''484 (lyr.); στυγεῖν μιᾷ φρενί Id.''Eu.''986 (lyr.); Διὸς γὰρ δυσπαραίτητοι φ. Id.''Pr.''34; [[ἐκ φρενός]] = [[from one's very heart]], [[ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος]] a [[sincere]] [[speech]], Id.''Ch.''107; [[ἐτύμως]] δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.''Th.''919 (lyr.); <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπ' ἄκρας φρενός</b> not [[superficially]] and [[carelessly]], Id.''Ag.''805 (anap.); <b class="b3">φρενὸς ἐκ φιλίας</b> ib.1515 (anap.), cf. 546; [[φῦσαι φρένας]] = to [[produce a haughty spirit]], S.''El.''1463.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[mind]], as seat of the mental faculties, perception, thought, ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φ. Il.22.296; μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί 9.600; <b class="b3">μετὰ φρεσὶ μερμηρίξαι, βάλλεσθαι</b>, Od.10.438, Il.9.434; ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν 2.301; <b class="b3">τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσί θῆκε</b> [[put]] in his [[mind]], [[suggest]]ed it, 1.55; σφῶϊν δ' ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν 13.55; <b class="b3">ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος</b> ib.121, cf. 1.297, etc.; <b class="b3">φρένας παραπεῖσαι, πείθειν</b>, 7.120, 16.842; <b class="b3">ἐπιγνάμπτει φρένας</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[νόον]]) ἐσθλῶν 9.514; Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν 10.45; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ φρένας ἀφνειός</b> [[rich]] (only) in his [[imagination]], Hes.''Op.''455; <b class="b3">ὀρθᾷ, ἐλευθέρᾳ φρενί</b>, Pi.''O.''8.24, ''P.''2.57; φρένες γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόφουν A.''Pers.'' 767; ἡ γλῶσσ' ὀμώμοχ', ἡ δὲ φ. ἀνώμοτος E.''Hipp.''612; κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν Il.1.193, al.: pl., [[wits]], Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362, cf.454, 18.331; πλήγη φρένας ἂς πάρος εἶχεν Il.13.394; ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας 16.403; βλάπτε φρένας Ζεὺς ἡμετέρας 15.724; ἐξ… τοι θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν 7.360; <b class="b3">φρένας ἄφρων, φρένας ἠλέ</b> or [[ἠλεέ]], 4.104, 15.128, Od.2.243: of losing one's [[wits]], <b class="b3">φρενῶν ἀφεστάναι, ἐκστῆναι, μεθεστάναι</b>, S.''Ph.''865, E.''Or.''1021, ''Ba.''944; τὰς φρένας [[ἐκβάλλειν]] S.''Ant.''648; ἔξω φρενῶν Pi.''O.''7.47; φρενῶν οὐκ ἔνδον ὤν E.''Heracl.'' 709; φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.''Ag.''479 (lyr.); κενός S.''Ant.''754; τητώμενοι Id.''El.''1326; [[ἔξεδρος|ἔξεδροι]], [[παράκοπος|παράκοποι]], E.''Hipp.''935, ''Ba.''33; ποῦ ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν; S.''El.''390; φρένες διάστροφοι A.''Pr.''673, S.''Aj.''447; μαργότης φρενῶν Id.''Fr.''846; [[ἀνακίνησις]] φρενῶν Id.''OT''727, etc.; of persons in their senses, ἐπήβολος φρενῶν Id.''Ant.''492; ἀνδρὸς νοῦν ἔχοντος καὶ φρένας Ar.''Ra.''535 (lyr.) (so in later Prose, οἱ φρένας ἔχοντες Phld.''Po.''5.19, ''Rh.''1.240S.; <b class="b3">οἱ τῶν σοφιστῶν τὰς κοινὰς φρένας ἔχοντες</b> ib.202S.); also ἔσω φρενῶν λέγειν A.''Ag.''1052; γράφου φρενῶν ἔσω S.''Ph.''1325; τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φρένων Ar.''Nu.''153; [[φρένες]], opp. [[σῶμα]], Hdt.3.134; so αἱ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν E.''El.''387; attributed to animals, μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή Il.4.245, cf. 16.157, etc.—The word is not common in early Prose, τίς αὐτῶν νόος ἢ φρήν; Heraclit.104; [[συμφορὰ τῶν φρένων]], i.e. [[madness]], And.2.7; παραλλάττει τῶν φρένων Lys.''Fr.''90; καρποῦ μὲν [[ἀφθονία]] φρενῶν δὲ [[ἀφορία]] X.''Smp.''4.55; νοῦς καὶ φρένες D.18.324, cf. 25.33.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[will]], [[purpose]], οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν Il.15.194; σῆς ἀπεστάτουν φ. S.''Ant.''993, cf.''OC''1182.—In usage there is little or no distinction observable between sg. and pl., but the sg. is not found in Prose (exc. Heraclit. [[l.c.]]) or Com. (exc. in paratrag., Ar. ''Ra.''886).
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