σκυτάλη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[staff]], [[cudgel]], [[club]], <span class="bibl">D.S.3.8</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἀγριέλαιος</b>, of Heracles' [[club]], AP9.237 (Eryc.); cf. [[σκύταλον]]:—Special usages: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> at Sparta, [[staff]] or [[baton]], used as a cypher for writing dispatches, a strip of leather being rolled slantwise round it, on which the dispatches were written lengthwise, so that when unrolled they were unintelligible: commanders abroad had a staff of like thickness, round which they rolled these strips, and so were able to read the dispatches:—hence [[σκυτάλη]] came to mean [[a Spartan dispatch]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.131</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>991</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lys.</span>19</span>, Gell.17.9.15; and, generally, [[dispatch]], [[message]], as Pi. calls the bearer of his ode σκυτάλα Μοισᾶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>6.91</span>, where the Sch. quotes <b class="b3">ἀχνυμένη σκυτάλη</b> (dub. sens.) from Archil. (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>89.2</span>); <b class="b3">ἡ σκυτάλης περιτροπή</b>, of labour in vain (cf. [[ὕπερος]]), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>209d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pole]] or [[staff]], like those of a sedan-chair, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ex.</span>30.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[strickle for levelling grain]] piled up in a measure, σ. δικαία <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>823.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.43.10</span> (both ii B.C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.4.170</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[wooden tally]] or [[ticket]] on a money-bag, etc., <span class="bibl">Diosc.Hist.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.13.106</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[strip]] or [[rod of metal]] or [[ivory]], κασσιτέρου <span class="title">Inscr.Délos</span> 442 <span class="title">B</span>170 (ii B.C.); [[ἐλέφαντος]] ibid.; cf. <span class="bibl">Hld.9.15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[scourge whip]], Moer.<span class="bibl">p.346P.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[handle]] or [[lever]] in a machine, <span class="bibl">Orib.49.3.3</span>; [[handspike]] for turning a wheel, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>68.6</span>, <span class="bibl">85.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>86.12</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[sucker]] from a stem, <span class="title">Gp.</span>9.11.4, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[cylinder]] or [[roller]] wherewith weights are moved, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>852a16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CPHerm.</span> 95.16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[a serpent]], of uniform roundness and thickness, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>384</span>, Sor. ap. <span class="bibl">Philum.<span class="title">Ven.</span>27.3</span> (for <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Crass.</span>32</span> v. [[Σκύλλα]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[a fish]] of like shape, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.184</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[finger-bone]], [[phalanx]], <span class="bibl">Paul.Aeg.6.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>9.126</span>.</span>

|elnltext=σκυτάλη -ης, ἡ, Dor. σκυτάλα [~ σκῦτος] knuppel, stok; spec. in Sparta berichtenstok, een stok die werd gebruikt om boodschappen te coderen en te ontcijferen: om de stok werd schuin een stuk leer gewonden, waarop in de lengte van de stok een boodschap werd geschreven. Die was dan alleen maar leesbaar voor iemand die het stuk leer om een stok van gelijke dikte wond; spreekw..; ἡ σκυτάλης περιτροπή het om en om draaien van een berichtenstok (d.w.z. het eindeloos herhalen van dezelfde handeling) Plat. Tht. 209d; πέμψαντες κήρυκα... καὶ σκυτάλην door een bode met een berichtenstok te sturen Thuc. 1.131.1; vandaar (geheim) bericht (uit Sparta); uitbr. boodschapper. Pind. een slangensoort. Plut. Crass. 32.5.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[stick]], [[club]], [[spar]], [[drum]] in diff. technical mean. (Archil., Pi.). From the lit. is esp. known the letter-staff, which the Spartans used for secret dispatches. Metaph. as des. of a snake (Nic. a. o.), of a fish (Opp.; Strömberg Fischn. 36).<br />Other forms: Beside [[σκύταλον]] n. [[stick]], [[club]] (Pi., Hdt., Ar., X.).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">σκυτάλ-ιον</b> n. (Ar., hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. (Hdt., hell a. late); further <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. as name of a [[σίκυος]] (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophr. 91) a. o.; <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> <b class="b2">provided with a σ.</b> (Hero, EM); <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[fist-law]], in Argos (D.S., Plu.); <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> to [[be clubbed]] (EM, H.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> (Trozen).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Instrument name like [[ῥόπαλον]], [[πάσσαλος]] a. o. (Chantraine Form. 245 f.); no certain connection. First from <b class="b3">*σκύτος</b> (cf. <b class="b3">σκυτίζει σπαράττει</b> H. ?), which agrees formally with Lith. <b class="b2">skùtas</b> [[rag]], [[piece]], [[patch]]. Besides the primary verb <b class="b2">skutù</b>, <b class="b2">skùsti</b> [[shave]], [[plane]], [[peel]] (cf. on [[ξύω]]); so <b class="b3">*σκύος</b>, <b class="b3">-άλη</b> prop. *'planed piece of wood'? (Lith. <b class="b2">skutùlė</b> [[wooden box with cover]] (Rozwadowski, s. Glotta 2, 356) is a loan from MLG [[schuttel]], from Lat. [[scutella]]). -- Lat. LW [loanword] [[scutula]]. Cf. [[σκῦρος]], [[σκύτη]] and [[σκῦτος]].

|ftr='''σκυτάλη''': {skŭtálē}<br />'''Forms''': Daneben [[σκύταλον]] n. [[Stock]], [[Knüppel]] (Pi., Hdt., Ar., X.).<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Stock]], [[Keule]], [[Rundholz]], [[Walze]] in versch. technischen Bedd. (seit Archil., Pi.). Aus der Lit. besonders bekannt ist der Briefstab, dessen sich die Spartaner bei Sendung geheimer Depeschen bedienten. Übertr. als Ben. einer Schlange (Nik. u. a.), eines Fisches (Opp.; Strömberg Fischn. 36).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon die Demin. [[σκυτάλιον]] n. (Ar., hell. u. sp.), -ίς f. (Hdt., hell u. sp.); ferner -ίας m. als N. eines [[σίκυος]] (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophr. 91) u. a.; -ωτός ‘mit σ. versehen’ (Hero, ''EM''); -ισμός m. [[Faustrecht]], in Argos (D.S., Plu.); -όομαι [[geknüppelt werden]] (''EM'', H.) mit -ωσις (Trozen).<br />'''Etymology''': Gerätename wie [[ῥόπαλον]], [[πάσσαλος]] u. a. (Chantraine Form. 245 f.); ohne sichere Anknüpfung. Zunächst aus *σκύτος (vgl. σκυτίζει· σπαράττει H. ?), das sich mit lit. ''skùtas'' [[Fetzen]], [[Stück]], [[Lappen]] formal deckt. Daneben das primäre Verb ''skutù'', ''skùsti'' [[rasieren]], [[schaben]], [[schälen]] (vgl. zu [[ξύω]]); *σκύος, -άλη somit eig. *’abgeschabtes Holzstück’? Lit. ''skutùlė'' [[hölzerne Büchse mit Deckel]] (Rozwadowski, s. Glotta 2, 356) ist aus mnd. ''schuttel'' (aus lat. ''scutella'') entlehnt. — Lat. LW ''scutula''. Vgl. [[σκῦρος]], [[σκύτη]] und [[σκῦτος]].<br />'''Page''' 2,744