νῦν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(for [[νυν]], [[νυ]], v. infr. II), Adv.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[now]], both of the [[present]] [[moment]], and of the [[present]] [[time]] generally, <b class="b3">οἳ νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν</b> [[mortal]]s of our [[day]], Il.1.272; so in Ion. and Att., <b class="b3">οἱ νῦν [ἄνθρωποι]</b> men of the [[present]] [[day]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.68; οἵ γε νῦν Pi.''O.''1.105, B.5.4, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1069a26; <b class="b3">ὁ νῦν τρόπος, τὸ νῦν βαρβαρικόν</b>, Th.1.6; <b class="b3">Βοιωτοὶ οἱ νῦν</b> ib.12; ὁ νῦν παρὼν χρόνος S.''Tr.''174, al., Pl.''Prm.''141e; ἡμέρα ἡ νῦν S.''OT''351; νὺξ ἡ νῦν Id.''Ant.''16; ἡ νῦν ὁδός Id.''El.''1295; τὸ νῦν [[the present]], Arist.''Ph.''218a6, al.; ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν Pl.''Prm.''152c, [[LXX]] ''Ge.''46.30, etc.; ἀπὸ νῦν ''AP''5.40 (Rufin.); ἕως τοῦ νῦν [[LXX]] ''Ge.''46.34; <b class="b3">μέχρι νῦν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[μέχρι τοῦ νῦν]]) D.S.17.110; <b class="b3">τὰ νῦν</b> simply = [[νῦν]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.104, E.''Heracl.''641, etc.; τό περ νῦν Pi. ''N.''7.101; τὰ δὲ νῦν S.''OC''133 (lyr.); τὸ νῦν εἶναι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 506e, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.3.42, Arist.''Ath.''31.2; τὸ νῦν ἔχον ''Act.Ap.''24.25.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of the immediate past, [[just now]], [[but now]], νῦν Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν Il.3.439, cf. 13.772, Od. 1.43, S.''OC''84, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.48; νῦν γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 341c; ἡλίκα νῦν ἐτραγῴδει D.18.13.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the future, [[presently]], νῦν αὖτ' ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il.5.279, cf. 20.307, Od.1.200; νῦν φεύξομαι, τόθ' ἁγνὸς ὤν E.''El.''975; cf. <b class="b3">νῦν δή, νυνί</b>.<br><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes opp. [[to what might have been under other circumstances]], [[as it is]] (or [[as it was]]), [[as the case stands]] (or [[as the case stood]]), [[as a matter of fact]], νῦν δ' ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε Od.1.166; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν… ἐποιούμην· νῦν δὲ κτλ. Th.4.126, cf. 1.122, 3.113, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''384b, D.18.195, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ νῦν</b> even [[so]], X.''An.''7.4.24,7.7.17.<br><span class="bld">5</span> coupled with other Particles, τὰ νῦν γε S.''Ph.''245, etc.; νῦν γε μάν Pi. ''P.''1.50; <b class="b3">νῦν δή</b>, v. h. v.: with other expressions of [[time]], <b class="b3">ν.… σήμερον, νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε</b>, Il.7.29, 13.828; νῦν ἤδη [[henceforth]], S.''Ant.''801 (anap.), etc.; νῦν … ἄρτι [[but now]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''396c.<br><span class="bld">II</span> enclit. (but see below) νυν<b class="b3">, νυ. [νυ</b> only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in [[ὅνυ]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]); νῠν twice in Hom., Il.10.105, 23.485: ῡ in Trag. (ῡ A.''Th.''242,246, S.''Ant.''705, E.''Or.''1678, etc.; ῠ S.''Tr.''92, E.''Andr.''91, etc.), ῡ in Com. (Ar.''V.''1381, ''Pl.''975, al.), exc. Cratin.144, Ar.''Th.''105 (lyr., citing Agatho), and perhaps ''Nu.''141; both quantities in [[τοίνυν]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]]<br><span class="bld">1</span> rarely of [[time]], [[now]], perhaps so used in Il.10.105, cf. Parm.19.1, Pi. ''P.''11.44, al., Epich.170.6.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ' ἐπ' Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον Il.1.382, etc.: freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά νῦν 4.93; καί νύ κεν 3.373; <b class="b3">οὔ νῦν, μή νύ τοι</b>, 10.165, 1.28; <b class="b3">ἐπεί νύ τοι</b> ib.416; ὥς νύ περ 2.258.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in commands or entreaties, μή νῦν μοι νεμεσήσετ' 15.115: freq. with other Advbs., [[δεῦρό νῦν]] = [[come now]]! 23.485; ἐνταῦθά νῦν ὕβριζε A.''Pr.''82, cf. Ar.''Th.''1001, ''V.''149, ''Pl.''724; εἶά νῦν Id.''Pax''467, ''V.''430, ''Pl.''316: freq. with imper., <b class="b3">φέρε νῦν</b> ib.789; ἄγε νῦν Id.''Pax''1056, ''V.''381; σπεῦδέ νῦν Id.''Pl.''414; σίγανῦν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''87, Cratin.l.c.; περίδου νῦν Ar.''Nu.''644, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.3.21, etc.; ὕφαινέ νῦν B.18.8; so in Boeot., νῦν ἔνθω ''IG''7.3172.88 (Orchom.); also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, <b class="b3">δυϝάνοι νῦν, δώκοι νῦν</b>, ''Inscr.Cypr.''135.6,16 H. (Idalion).<br><span class="bld">4</span> in questions, τίς νῦν; τί νῦν; [[who]], [[what]], [[why]] [[now]]? Il.5.373, 1.414,4.31; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ</b>…; Od.6.125. [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr.2.39, al.; enclit. when short, sometimes in codd., as Il.23.485 (Pap. in ''AJP''21.304, etc.; oxyt. when = [[δή]], Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27; <b class="b3">καθ' ὁμαλισμόν</b> or <b class="b3">κατ' ἔγκλισιν</b> when=[[δή]], Sch.Ar.''Pl.''414, Sch.A.R.1.664). In codd. usually perispom. in both senses, A.''Pr.''82, ''Th.''242, 246, S.''Ant.''705,''El.''324, Ar.''Pl.''414, ''V.''758,922, etc.; even νῠν is written [[νῦν]] in codd. vett. Pi. [[passim]], also in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''87, ''Tr.''92, etc.; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνῡν perhaps shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position: in signf. I [[νῦν]] can [[occupy]] any [[position]]; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like [[ἄν, δέ, γάρ]], etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός S.''Ph.''468, cf. ''OC''1333; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ' ἤδη Id.''Ph.''1177 (lyr.); μετά νυν δός E.''Supp.''56 (lyr.); νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only [[δέ]] to precede.] (Cf. Skt. nú, nū́, nūnám, OE. [[nū]] 'now', etc.)