λύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=poet. imper.<br><span class="bld">A</span> λῦθι Pi.''Fr.''85: fut. λύσω [ῡ] Il.1.29, etc.: aor. ἔλῡσα 18.244, etc.: pf. λέλῠκα Th.7.18, Ar.''V.''992 ([[ἀπολύω]]), etc.:—Pass., pf. λέλῠμαι Il.8.103, etc.: plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ] Od.22.186, etc.: aor. ἐλύθην, Ep. λύθην [ῠ] 8.360, E.''Hel.''860, Th.2.103, etc.: fut. λῠθήσομαι Pl.''Ti.''41b, Isoc.12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ] D.14.2, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.37 ([[ἀπολύω]]): Ep. aor. Pass. λύμην [ῠ] Il.21.80; λύτο [ῠ] ib.114, but λῦτο 24.1 (at beginning of line, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[λύτο]]); λύντο 7.16: also 3sg. opt. pf. λελῦτο Od.18.238:—Med., fut. λύσομαι Il.1.13, etc.: aor. ἐλυσάμην 14.214: pf. Pass. λέλυμαι in med. sense, D.36.45, Arist.''Rh.'' 1400a22 (cf. [[διαλύω]], [[καταλύω]]): fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, ([[διαλύω]]) Th.2.12, ([[ἐπιλύω]]) Lys.25.33 codd. ([[καταλύσεσθαι]] edd.), ([[καταλύω]]) [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.9.—Homer uses all tenses exc. pf. Act., pres. and fut. Pass. [In pres. and impf. ῡ always in Att., ῠ mostly in Ep., though Hom. has ῡ twice, ἔλῡεν Il.23.513, λῡει Od.7.74; also in compds., ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105, ἀλλῡουσαν ib.109: in fut. and aor. 1 ῡ always: in other tenses ῠ always, exc. in the forms [[λελῦτο]], [[λῦτο]] (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. [[luo]] ([[pay]]), [[reluo]], [[solvo]] (for [[seluo]]), [[solutus]], etc.):—[[loosen]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> of things, [[unbind]], [[unfasten]], esp. clothes and [[armour]], <b class="b3">λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα</b>, Il.4.215, 16.804; <b class="b3">λύω παρθενίην ζώνην</b> [[loose]] the [[maiden]]-[[girdle]], of the [[husband]] after [[marriage]], Od. 11.245; of the wife, λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi.''I.''8(7).48; ἔνθα παρθένει' ἔλυσ' ἐγὼ κορεύματα E.''Alc.''177; so ἔλυσας… ἅγνευμα σόν Id.''Tr.''501; freq. of the tackling of ships, <b class="b3">λύω πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος</b>, etc., Od.2.418, 15.496, 552, ''h.Ap.''406, etc. (never in Il.); <b class="b3">λύω πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα</b>, E.''Hec.''539,1020, etc.: abs., [[λύειν]], of ships, [[set sail]], λῦε, κυβερνήτα ''APl.''1.6*.9 (Panteleus); <b class="b3">ἀσκὸν λύω</b> [[untie]] a [[skin]] (used as a [[bag]]), Od.10.47: freq. in Trag., <b class="b3">λύω στολάς, πέπλον</b>, S.''OC''1597, ''Tr.''924; <b class="b3">λύω ἡνίαν</b> [[slacken]] the [[rein]], Id.''El.''743; <b class="b3">κλῄθρων λυθέντων</b> when the gates have been [[open]]ed, A.''Th.''396; <b class="b3">λύω γράμματα, δέλτον</b>, [[open]] a [[letter]], E.''IA''38 (anap.), 307; <b class="b3">λύω πέδας, δεσμά</b>, A.''Eu.'' 645 (Pass.), E.''HF''1123; ἀρβύλας A.''Ag.''945; <b class="b3">ἀρτάνας… δέρης ἔλυσαν</b> [[loosed]] it from my neck, ib.876, cf. E.''Hipp.''781:—Med., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν</b> <b class="b3">ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα</b> [[undo|undid]] [[her]] [[belt]], Il.14.214; but <b class="b3">λύοντο τεύχεα</b> they [[undid]] the [[armour]] for [[themselves]], i.e. [[strip]]ped it off (others), 17.318; later <b class="b3">λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας</b> [[unbind]]ing her hair, Bion 1.20, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in various phrases, <b class="b3">στόμα λύω</b> [[open]] the mouth, E.''Hipp.''1060, Isoc.12.96; γλώσσας λύω εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9 D.; <b class="b3">λύω βλεφάρων ἕδραν</b> wake up, E.''Rh.''8 (anap.); <b class="b3">λύω ὀφρύν</b> [[unfold]] the [[brow]], Id.''Hipp.''290; λύω ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''706 (lyr.), etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of living beings,<br><span class="bld">a</span> of horses, etc., [[unyoke]], [[unharness]], opp. [[ζεύγνυμι]], Od.4.35; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων</b>, Il.5.369,8.504; ὑφ' ἅρμασιν 18.244; ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od.4.39: ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il.24.576; ὑπ' ἀπήνης Od.7.6 (also in Med., <b class="b3">μὴ… ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους</b> [[unyoke]] our horses, Il. 23.7; βόε λῦσαι Hes.''Op.''608); <b class="b3">λύε μώνυχας ἵππους</b> [[loosed]] them, Il.10.498; <b class="b3">λύω κύνα</b> [[let]] him [[loose]], X.''Cyn.''6.13, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of men, [[release]], [[deliver]], esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il.15.22, Od.8.345, 12.53, D.24.206, etc.; ὁ [[λύσων]] = [[he that shall deliver]], A.''Pr.''771,785: c. gen. rei, τὸν… θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od.5.397, cf. Pi.''P.''3.50, etc.; λύω τινὰ δεσμῶν A.''Pr.''1006; ὄκνου S. ''Tr.''181; τὼ… ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od.8.360, cf. Pi.''O.''4.23, A.''Pr.''873, E.''Hipp.''1244, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 360c; also <b class="b3">λύω δόμους ἁβρότατος</b> [[rob]] the house of... Pi.''P.''11.34; <b class="b3">λύω τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς</b> [[depose]] him from... D.S.13.92:—Med., prop. [[get]] one [[loose]]d or [[set free]], λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes.''Th.''528; ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A.''Supp.''1065 (lyr.):—Pass., λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S.17.116; <b class="b3">λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς</b> has been [[let loose]] to [[speak]], since the yoke [[was loosed]], A.''Pers.''592 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> of prisoners, [[release]] on [[receipt]] of [[ransom]], [[admit]] to [[ransom]], [[release]], Il.1.29, 24.137,555, etc.; λύω τινά τινι 1.20, 24.561, Od.10.298; <b class="b3">Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν</b> [[would give]] them [[up]], Il.17.163; in full, λύω τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106; χρημάτων μεγάλων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.135 (Pass.); ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th.5.3:—Med., [[release]] by [[payment]] of [[ransom]], [[get]] a person [[released]], [[redeem]], Il.1.13, 24.118, al., Od.10.284,385, Pl.''Mx.''243c, D.19.229; λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys.12.20; ἵππον X.''An.''7.8.6; ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D.19.169; λύω τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id.50.28; <b class="b3">ἑαυτοὺς λύω</b> [[pay]] [[their]] own [[ransom]], Id.19.169; [[buy]] from a [[pimp]], Ar.''V.''1353.<br><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων</b>, = Lat. [[legibus solvi]], D.C.53.18.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[give up]], [θρόνον] λῦσον ἄμμιν Pi.''P.''4.155.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[resolve]] a [[whole]] into its [[part]]s, [[dissolve]], [[break up]], <b class="b3">λύω ἀγορήν</b> [[dissolve]] the [[assembly]], Il.1.305; ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od.2.69, etc.:—Pass., λῦτο δ' ἀγών Il.24.1; μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.2; <b class="b3">πρὶν … ἡ ἀγορὰ</b> ([[market]]) λυθῇ Id.''Oec.'' 12.1; λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb.5.15.3.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of concrete objects, <b class="b3">σπάρτα λέλυνται</b>, i.e. have [[rot]]ted, Il.2.135; ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od.22.186; <b class="b3">λύω τὴν σχεδίην</b> [[break]] it [[up]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.97; [τὴν γέφυραν] X. ''An.''2.4.17; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀπόφραξιν</b> ib.4.2.25.<br><span class="bld">3</span> especially of physical strength, [[loosen]], i.e. [[weaken]], [[relax]], <b class="b3">λῦσε δὲ γυῖα</b> made his limbs [[slack]] or [[loose]], i.e. killed him, Il.4.469, al.; ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα 22.335; πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατ' ἔλυσεν 5.176, etc.; ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332; πέλεκυς λῦσεν… βοὸς μένος Od.3.450, cf. Il.17.29; but <b class="b3">οἵ μοι καμάτῳ… γούνατ' ἔλυσαν</b> made my knees [[weak]] with toil, Od.20.118:—Pass., <b class="b3">λύντο δὲ γυῖα</b>, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.; καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85, cf. Od.8.233; αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il.21.114,425; λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296, etc.; λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od.4.794, 18.189; λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A.''Pers.''913 (anap.); λύεται δέ μου μέλη E.''Hec.''438; λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id.''Hipp.''199 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">λύει βλέφαρα</b> [[close]]s her eyes in [[sleep]], S.''Ant.''1302.<br><span class="bld">c</span> metaph., λύω τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X.''HG''7.5.22.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[undo]], [[bring to naught]], [[destroy]], πολίων κάρηνα Il.9.25; Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100, Od.13.388, cf. B.''Fr.''16.7: generally, [[put an end to]], νείκεα Il.14.205; μελεδήματα 23.62; ἔριν E.''Ph.''81, ''AP''9.316.12 (Leon.); πόλεμον Th.5.31; ἐπιμομφάν Pi.''O.''10(11).9; μέμψιν Democr.271; φόβον A.''Th.''270; <b class="b3">φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν</b> Polystr.p.7 W., cf. Epicur.''Sent.''12; μοχθήματα S.''OC''1616; ἀνάγκας E.''Supp.''39; [[βίον]], i.e. die, Id.''IT''692; <b class="b3">αἰῶν' ἔλυσε</b>, i.e. [[die]]d, B.1.43; λύω τὸ τέλος βίον S.''OC''1720 (lyr.); μαχας Ar. ''Pax''991 (anap.); νοσήματα Diocl.Fr.35 (Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476; κόπους Dsc.''Eup.''1.220; [[forgive]], ἁμαρτήματα [[LXX]] ''Jb.''42.9.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in Prose, <b class="b3">λύω νόμους</b> [[repeal]] or [[annul]] [[law]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.82, D.3.10, Arist.''Pol.''1269a15; <b class="b3">οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν</b> ib.1298b31; λύω ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197 (Pass.), etc.; ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X.''An.''3.1.21; [[rescind]] a vote, ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D.24.2; [[revoke]] a will, διαθήκην Is.6.33, etc. (but in Pass., to [[be opened]], of a [[will]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); [[unbind]] a [[spell]], Iamb.''Myst.''3.27:—Pass., [[λέλυται πάντα]] = [[all ties are broken]], [[all is in confusion]], D.25.25.<br><span class="bld">c</span> as a technical term, [[solve]] a [[difficulty]], a [[problem]], a [[question]], λύεται ἡ [[ἀπορία]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 324e, al.; λύω ζήτημα Gal.6.436.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[refute]] an argument, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 509a, Arist.''Rh.''1402b24,al.; cf. [[λύσις]] II.4b, λυτικός ''ΙΙ''.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[unravel]] the [[plot]] of a [[tragedy]], opp. [[πλέκειν]], Id.''Po.''1456a10.<br><span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">λύω τὴν φάσιν</b>, of the Moon, [[pass out of]], Vett. Val.134.1, cf. 2.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[break]] a legal agreement or obligation, τὸν νόμον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.106; τὰς σπονδάς Th.1.23, 78, cf. 4.23, al.; τὰ συγκείμενα Lys.6.41; <b class="b3">σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση</b> whoso [[break]]s this [[agreement]], ''Inscr.Cypr.''135.29 H.<br><span class="bld">6</span> in physical sense, [[dissolve]], [[λύθεν]], opp. [[πάγεν]], Emp.15.4; <b class="b3">τὸ θερμὸν λύει</b>, opp. [[πήγνυσι]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''384b11, cf. 382b33 (Pass.); ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106; [[melt]], παγείσας χιόνας Hdn.8.4.2; τι πυρὶ λύω ''Hippiatr.''52.<br><span class="bld">7</span> of medicines, λύω τὴν κοιλίαν Arist.''Pr.''863b29, cf. Hp.Acut.(Sp.)38, Diocl.Fr.140; so of the effects of terror, Arist.''Pr.''877a32 (Pass.).<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[resolve]] into, in Pass., Heph.8, 10, Aristid. Quint.1.28.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[solve]], [[fulfil]], [[accomplish]], τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μαντεῖα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''407; ὅρκον Plb.6.58.4.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[atone for]], [[make up for]], τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.''Ra.'' 691; λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον S.''Ph.''1224; λύω φόνον φόνῳ Id.''OT''101, E. ''Or.''511; αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph.32.5:—Med., τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα… δίκαις A.''Ch.''804 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">μισθὸν λύειν</b> [[pay]] [[wage]]s [[in full]], [[quit]] oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X.''Ages.''2.31.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τέλη λύειν</b>, = [[λυσιτελεῖν]], [[pay]], [[profit]], [[avail]], <b class="b3">ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι</b> where it [[boot]]s not to be [[wise]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 316: but more freq. [[λύει]] without [[τέλη]], construed like [[λυσιτελεῖ]], abs., λύει δ' ἄλγος E.''Med.''1362, cf. ''PSI''4.400.16: c. dat. pers., φημὶ τοιούτους γάμους λύειν βροτοῖσιν E.''Alc.''628, cf.''Hipp.''441: c. inf., <b class="b3">πῶς οὖν λύει… ἐπιβάλλειν</b>; Id.''Med.''1112 (anap.); <b class="b3">ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι</b> [[it]] is [[good]] [[for]] me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib.566; λύει ἀπελθεῖν ''UPZ''77i12 (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ,… θανεῖν</b> [[it]] [[is]] [[not]] [[expedient]] that we should [[die]] (<b class="b3">οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ</b> being parenthetic), S.''El.'' 1005; οὐ γάρ με λύει… κακορροθεῖσθαι E.''Sthen.Prol.''35; cf. [[λυσιτελέω]].